Recent years have seen increasing school safety events along with growing numbers of students in China.In this paper,more than 400 serious school safety events between 2000 and 2018 in China were collected.The causes ...Recent years have seen increasing school safety events along with growing numbers of students in China.In this paper,more than 400 serious school safety events between 2000 and 2018 in China were collected.The causes and characteristics of these events,taking into account the occurrence years,months,regions,education stages and types,were investigated.The results indicate that the number of school safety events has generally increased annually from 2000 to 2018 and can significantly vary each month,showing a higher frequency of occurrence during the“First Semester”(generally from September to December in China).Moreover,spatial distribution of school safety events is normally related to regional economic development;it was found that Guangdong,Jiangsu and Shandong is a first-level occurrence hotspots,followed by Zhejiang,Henan,Hebei and Sichuan,which are secondary occurrence hotspots.Furthermore,statistical analysis shows that the number of school safety events that occurred in kindergartens,primary schools and middle schools are approximately equal(around 1/3).Finally,it was found that the school safety events caused by“Accident”(such as school bus accidents,school fires,crowded stampedes and the collapses of school buildings)occupy a large proportion(57%).展开更多
Pakistan is highly exposed to climate-induced disasters, especially floods. Flooding history shows that educational establishments have been disproportionately hard-hit by flooding events. In Pakistan, school safety a...Pakistan is highly exposed to climate-induced disasters, especially floods. Flooding history shows that educational establishments have been disproportionately hard-hit by flooding events. In Pakistan, school safety and preparedness is still a choice, rather than a mandatory requirement for all schools. But schools in Pakistan do have a responsibility to keep safe the students in their care,especially during and after the catastrophic events. This implies the need to maintain the environment in and around school property, so as to minimize the impacts of floods and to have the mechanisms in place to maximize a school's resilience. This study examined the emergency preparedness activities of 20 schools in four districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province that had recently been severely affected by floods. Through face to face interviews and a structured questionnaire(n = 100) we collected data on the four pillars of emergency preparedness:emergency planning, preparation measures, safe school facilities, and hazard education and training. The study revealed that the majority of the sample schools hadexperienced more than one natural hazard-induced disaster,predominantly flooding, yet despite this had not undertaken adequate emergency preparedness activities. There are particular gaps with regard to plans for students with disabilities, the continuity of school operations after a disaster,the presence of maps to identify evacuation routes, the availability of emergency equipment and resources, disaster preparedness guidelines, and psychological first aid and crisis counseling. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities,and threats analysis that our researchers carried out indicates that, although schools in the survey have taken many steps towards flood preparedness, many weaknesses still exist and there remain significant opportunities to strengthen the preparedness level of many schools. The goal of this study is to inform policy decisions that improve school safety in Pakistan and to suggest the priority areas for future school disaster preparedness and management efforts.展开更多
基金The authors appreciate support for this paper by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71704183).
文摘Recent years have seen increasing school safety events along with growing numbers of students in China.In this paper,more than 400 serious school safety events between 2000 and 2018 in China were collected.The causes and characteristics of these events,taking into account the occurrence years,months,regions,education stages and types,were investigated.The results indicate that the number of school safety events has generally increased annually from 2000 to 2018 and can significantly vary each month,showing a higher frequency of occurrence during the“First Semester”(generally from September to December in China).Moreover,spatial distribution of school safety events is normally related to regional economic development;it was found that Guangdong,Jiangsu and Shandong is a first-level occurrence hotspots,followed by Zhejiang,Henan,Hebei and Sichuan,which are secondary occurrence hotspots.Furthermore,statistical analysis shows that the number of school safety events that occurred in kindergartens,primary schools and middle schools are approximately equal(around 1/3).Finally,it was found that the school safety events caused by“Accident”(such as school bus accidents,school fires,crowded stampedes and the collapses of school buildings)occupy a large proportion(57%).
基金the sponsorship of the Chinese Scholarship Council(CSC)
文摘Pakistan is highly exposed to climate-induced disasters, especially floods. Flooding history shows that educational establishments have been disproportionately hard-hit by flooding events. In Pakistan, school safety and preparedness is still a choice, rather than a mandatory requirement for all schools. But schools in Pakistan do have a responsibility to keep safe the students in their care,especially during and after the catastrophic events. This implies the need to maintain the environment in and around school property, so as to minimize the impacts of floods and to have the mechanisms in place to maximize a school's resilience. This study examined the emergency preparedness activities of 20 schools in four districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province that had recently been severely affected by floods. Through face to face interviews and a structured questionnaire(n = 100) we collected data on the four pillars of emergency preparedness:emergency planning, preparation measures, safe school facilities, and hazard education and training. The study revealed that the majority of the sample schools hadexperienced more than one natural hazard-induced disaster,predominantly flooding, yet despite this had not undertaken adequate emergency preparedness activities. There are particular gaps with regard to plans for students with disabilities, the continuity of school operations after a disaster,the presence of maps to identify evacuation routes, the availability of emergency equipment and resources, disaster preparedness guidelines, and psychological first aid and crisis counseling. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities,and threats analysis that our researchers carried out indicates that, although schools in the survey have taken many steps towards flood preparedness, many weaknesses still exist and there remain significant opportunities to strengthen the preparedness level of many schools. The goal of this study is to inform policy decisions that improve school safety in Pakistan and to suggest the priority areas for future school disaster preparedness and management efforts.
