Associations between near work, outdoor activity, parental myopia and myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria

●AIM:To assess the influence of near work,time outdoor and parental myopia on the prevalence of myopia in school children in Aba,Nigeria.●METHODS:Primary and secondary school children aged between 8 and 15 y were randomly recruited from 12 schools in Aba.Information on family history,near work and outdoor activity was obtained using myopia risk factor questionnaire.Cycloplegic refraction was performed using autorefraction technique.Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction(SER)≤-0.50 D in the poorer eye.Data were analysed for 1197(male:538 and female:659)children with full relevant data.●RESULTS:Risk of developing myopia was positively associated with parental myopia[odds ratio(OR):6.80;95%CI,2.76-16.74;P<0.01)for one myopic parent and(OR:9.47;95%CI,3.88-23.13;P<0.01)for two myopic parents,longer daily reading hour(OR:1.21;95%CI,1.03-1.42;P=0.02)and less time outdoors(OR:0.8;95%CI,0.74-0.87;P<0.01).●CONCLUSION:Parental history of myopia is the most important risk factor associated with myopia.In addition,children with both parents being myopic has increased odds of developing myopia than those with one myopic parent.It is recommended therefore,that children spend more time outdoors as this could reduce the prevalence and progression of myopia.

Work Engagement of Nursery School Nurses and Its Related Factors in Japan

Purpose: This study aimed to clarify nursery school nurses’ work engagement and their pertinent related factors. Method: We conducted a survey of 136 nursery school nurses using an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed to 186 people at licensed daycare centers in Ibaraki Prefecture. The following conclusions were obtained by analyzing 136 participants, excluding deficiencies: A multiple regression analysis (forced entry method) was performed. Results: The survey results show that most of the nurses in the nursery school were female, about 90$ were married, and about 70$ had children. Work engagement was generally high compared with other occupations. Moreover, it was influenced by their work-self balance (positive), the meaning of their work, and the leadership of bosses. It was suggested that there is a need for an environment where nurses can maintain a work-life balance, a place where childcare health activities can be carried out, and opportunities to participate in training and liaison meetings for nursery nurses to further enhance work engagement. Conclusion: It was influenced by work self-balance (positive), the meaning of their work, and boss leadership. It is suggested that nursery nurses further enhance their work engagement, and they need an environment where they can maintain a work-life balance, a place where they can engage in health activities in childcare, and opportunities for training and liaison meetings.

Relationship Between Work Stress and Mental Health of Middle School Teachers in Guangzhou

This study mainly discusses the relationship between middle school teachers’mental health and work stress in Guangzhou.This study uses questionnaire survey method to examine 237 teachers in Guangzhou,and adopts SPSS26.0 to conduct independent sample t-test,ANOVA,correlation analysis,and regression analysis to draw the conclusion.The results show that:(1)The work pressure of middle school teachers in Guangzhou is above the medium level,and their mental health is at the middle level.(2)Under the influence of different gender,position,age,teaching years,and teaching objects,the pressure of middle school teachers is different.(3)There is a significant positive correlation between teachers’work stress and the dimensions of self-confidence loss and social dysfunction of mental health.(4)Work stress can effectively predict the level of mental health.Therefore,we need to understand the pressure sources of middle school teachers to develop measures to alleviate the pressure of teachers and improve the mental health of middle school teachers.

Safeguarding Farmer Workers' Rights and Interests——An interview with Ye Jingyi, professor of Beijing University Law School

Farmer workers are a new powerful workforce that has sprung up amid China＇s reform and door opening and in the process of the country＇s industrialization and urbanization. They have made great contributions to urban prosperity, rural development and their country＇s modernization. At present, however, farmer workers face numerous difficulties and problems in income, work safety, social security, vocational training, the schooling of their children and living conditions. To safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmer workers, the State Council in March 2006 issued Ideas of the State Council on Solving Farmer Workers-related Problems. In the document, the State Council promises to strengthen and improve leadership over work regarding farmer workers and prioritize the solving of farmer workers-related problems.

Cultural Infiltration of Foreign Literary Works in Senior High School Chinese Textbooks

Foreign literary works are an important part of Chinese textbooks in high schools.However,the exam-oriented education results in a marginalized and unsatisfactory teaching of foreign literary works.Based on the high school Chinese textbook by PEP(People's Education Press),teaching practices,and requirements of the new curriculum standards,this article analyzes the foreign literary works in the textbook,explores its value and the infiltration of cultural spirit in teaching,discusses the problems in teaching,as well as provides suggestions to them in hope to gain attention in the teaching of foreign literary works,broaden students' horizons,and cultivate their humanistic spirit.

Modeling Spatial Opportunity Structures and Youths’ Transitions from School to Training

This paper examines the significance of spatial externalities for youths’ school-to-training transitions in Germany. For this purpose, it is necessary to address the methodological question of how an individual’s spatial context has to be operationalized with respect to both its extent and the problem of spatial autocorrelation. Our analyses show that the “zone of influence” comprises of the whole of Germany, not only close-by districts, and that these effects differ between structurally weak and strong regions. Consequently, assuming that only close proximity affects individual outcomes may disregard relevant contextual influences, and for spatial models that require an a priori definition of the weights for spatial units, it may be erroneous to make a decision based on this assumption. Concerning spatial autocorrelation, we found that neglecting local spatial autocorrelation at the context level causes considerable bias to the estimates, especially for districts that are close to the home district.

中国式学校体育现代化中的“五育并举”

历经四个发展阶段,党的教育方针从德、智、体“三育全面发展”拓展成德、智、体、美、劳“五育并举”,这是中国教育在新时代面对人才培养的现实主题,是应对新征程中国教育的发展要求而进行的目标拓展和改革举措。研究发现,从中国式学校体育现代化的视角来看,“五育”中的体育是一个极具特殊性的教育和学科,它在功能上与德育、智育、美育及劳动教育有着深刻内在的结构性联系,因此它具有与其他“四育”可以深入融合共育的广泛可能性。鉴于推进“五育并举”过程中会遇到的结构性障碍与困难,分别提出了体育与其他“四育”并举并进的途径与方法,推进体育成为“五育并举”的主渠道、主战场和主力军。

医学院校医务社会工作专业学生实习困境与对策研究——以内蒙古为例

医务社会工作专业学生的培养离不开高质量的专业实习。医学院校医务社会工作专业可以依托丰富的医学教育资源和众多的医院实习基地进行课程设置和专业实践。文章通过质性访谈和文本分析发现,医学院校因社会工作专业办学经验不足,学科地位相对弱势,在学校实习规划、实习体系建设、医院实习接受、学生实习感知等方面存在诸多困境,提出要通过跨越多重边界为医务社会工作专业赋权、不断健全和细化专业实习的管理和教育体系、基于沟通协商的医务社会工作联合督导模式来构建内蒙古医务社会工作专业实习体系的发展策略,为培养适应内蒙古地区发展的高质量医务社会工作专业人才提供借鉴和思考。

全国高职学校访企拓岗工作成效、问题分析及改进建议

以2022年度高职状态数据平台企业表、走访表、校企合作表、学生就业表等9张数据表为依据,从国家、省及学校三个层面用数据展示了1441所高职学校访企拓岗工作开展情况,从走访企业覆盖行业广、拓展优质就业岗位多,深度了解企业人才需求、提高人才供给精准性,推动校企优势互补、扩大校企合作增长极三个方面分析了高职学校访企拓岗取得的显著成效,并进一步总结了高职学校访企拓岗工作存在主观认识不足、推进合作落实不力、合作目标有差异等问题。据此,提出提高访企拓岗工作认识、加强数据调度管理、提升学校服务企业能力、健全访企拓岗工作制度、完善访企拓岗工作评价机制等改进建议。

理工类专业的专业思政探索——以军校电子信息工程专业为例

围绕电子信息工程专业高素质、专业化新型人才的培养目标,结合军校着重培养学生忠诚使命、爱国情怀、科学思维和岗位任职等能力素质的特点,该文从专业课课程整体出发,探索构建军校电子信息工程专业的专业思政体系,实现思政元素由点到面、思政路线由齐头并进到有序递进、思政模式由单打独斗到协同统一的转变。重点以电子信息工程专业的电路分析基础、信号与系统、数字信号处理三门基础专业课为例,提炼科学思维培养的典型思政案例,阐述专业思政体系构建的实施路径与方法,实现专业知识教学与思政教育的同向同行。

中学教师工作-家庭冲突对其教学效能感的影响:道德情感的中介作用

为了探讨中学教师道德情感在工作-家庭冲突对教学效能感影响过程中的作用机制,采用工作-家庭冲突量表、教学效能感量表和教师道德情感量表并以方便抽样方式选取537名中学教师实施问卷调查。结果显示:中学教师工作-家庭冲突能显著负向预测教学效能感和道德情感,中学教师道德情感能显著正向预测教学效能感;中学教师工作-家庭冲突不仅可以直接影响教学效能感,而且可以通过道德情感的中介作用间接影响教学效能感。因此,建议通过帮助中学教师树立家庭与工作边界意识,缓解中学教师心理压力,培育积极情绪及加强教师职业素养教育等途径,改善中学教师工作-家庭冲突导致的负面影响,提升其道德情感水平,从而增强其教学效能感。

西部欠发达地区学校社会工作的实践困境与突破策略

学校社会工作是社会工作的重要实务领域之一,我国西部欠发达地区正积极推动社会工作进入学校场域,如何充分发挥学校社会工作的专业力量是一个值得关注的议题。文章通过观察云南省L学校的专业实践,基于社会工作系统视角,分析学校社会工作在开展过程中所面临的改变媒介系统、服务对象系统、目标系统以及行动系统的实践困境,进而探讨学校社会工作专业实践的突破策略。研究发现,受到社会工作人才稀缺、社会工作认知度低、社会工作发展环境条件有限、社会工作与学校内部理念差异大等因素的影响,学校社会工作在西部欠发达地区的开展面临较大挑战。基于此,可以采取为上述四个基本社会工作系统增能的方式,从重视当地人才队伍的培育、提高社会工作认知度、改善社会工作发展环境、输入社会工作价值理念等方面入手突破困境,推动学校社会工作在西部欠发达地区落地与发展。

中小学校长的心理健康素养对其生活满意度、工作满意度的影响:心理健康和主动工作行为的中介作用

为了探讨中小学校长的心理健康素养对其生活满意度、工作满意度的影响,以及心理健康和主动工作行为的中介作用。本研究以心理健康素养量表、一般心理健康问卷、主动工作行为量表、生活满意度量表、工作满意度量表为测量工具对河南省283名中小学校长进行问卷调查。结果发现:(1)中小学校长心理健康素养正向影响心理健康和主动工作行为;(2)中小学校长心理健康素养通过心理健康和主动工作行为间接影响生活满意度;(3)中小学校长心理健康素养通过心理健康和主动工作行为间接影响工作满意度。研究结果揭示了中小学校长心理健康素养通过心理健康和主动工作行为间接影响生活满意度、工作满意度的内在机制,能够为干预中小学校长心理健康素养,改善他们的生活满意度和工作满意度提供理论支持。

校本教师发展:教师发展方式的一次深刻转型——基于教师自主生长理论的思考

校本教师发展旨在改革学校组织结构及教学、科研、校本研修、课程开发、学校文化等活动,让教师主动面对真实的教育教学情境,依托学校自身的资源开展校本学习,在解决实际问题的过程中促成教师成长。其关注范围更广大更人本,活动主题更明确,发展方式更灵活,管理措施更“综合”,其实质是“工作赋能教师发展”,这是教师发展方式的一次深刻转型。普通中小学开展校本教师发展急需解决的主要问题是学校组织的“再造”、教师学习方式的“更新”与校本教师发展教育者的“创设”。

“四史”教育推进地方党校党建工作的内在机理

党校姓党,这是党校最鲜明的政治品格和政治立场,是开展党校各项工作的基本前提。地方党校党建工作应牢牢站稳政治立场,通过在党校开展“四史”教育丰富党建工作的形式,增强基层党组织的政治功能、促进党员干部自我能力的提高,破解阻碍“四史”教育提质增效的制度问题、导致“四史”教育不够深入的教学和科研系统性问题,影响“四史”教育学习效果的人才队伍建设问题。创新平台载体、把握舆论阵地;依托“党校姓党”特色,夯实育人发力点;完善软硬件设施,科技赋能智慧党建;建设党建工作专业队伍、完善精准送学党建服务,以“四史”教育推进党校党建工作高质量发展。

国际视野下我国中小学教师固定与灵活工时结合制探究

非教学工时过长是各国中小学教师负担表面成因,而相对固定的“八小时五天工作制”是其深层根源所在。精减相对固定的学校常规工作时间并构建灵活可选择的创新工作时间,形成固定与灵活工时结合制工作模式,是减轻教师负担的关键。文章基于常规工时与兼职工时国际数据,论述了我国实行中小学教师“4+(1+1)”四天固定与两天灵活工时结合制的合理性,分析了结合制的关键是“师资—课程—生源”在固定与灵活时间之间延续且异质组合,并探讨了结合制的第二方案,即“6(6.5)+(1.5+1.5)小时”固定与灵活工时结合制的国际适用性。这种创新的工时制对于促进教师减负性发展具有重要意义。

当好“数字家长”:社会工作介入家庭网络素养教育的实务探索

新型数字社会对传统家庭教育模式提出了新的挑战,成长于网络文化下的未成年人容易凭借新技术的掌握获得“反哺”能力,实现逆向社会化,从而在代际沟通中摆脱单一的从属地位。新时代,家庭网络素养教育计划呼之欲出。其中,家长的自我训练和自身网络素养水平的提升必不可少。本文运用社会工作的专业方法,以中小学生家长为目标群体,在宁波X社区开展小组介入实务,旨在提高家长的网络素养,使其更有能力引导和保护子代,实施有效的家庭教育。同时,弥合亲代与子代之间的“数字代沟”,促进数字时代亲子共同成长的新型亲子关系,这既是社会工作介入家庭网络素养教育的路径探索,也是提高网络育人能力、促进我国高质量教育体系建设的有益补充。

校本人才培养工作状态数据采集与管理实践研究

人才培养工作状态数据对高职院校“双高计划”建设的重要作用日益凸显。针对高职院校人才培养状态数据采集与管理中存在的管理机制缺失、采集队伍缺乏、数据意识淡薄、数据挖掘困难等问题,结合黄河水利职业技术学院工作实践,提出搭建校本数据平台,精准管理数据资产;打造高效采集团队,规范采集流程;强化数据意识,变被动为主动;深度挖掘数据,赋能“双高计划”建设等优化数据采集与管理的对策。

中小学教师工作内容:现实样态、结构困境与调适策略

中小学教师工作减负一直是教育改革的热点话题。工作内容不合理是当前中小学教师工作强度居高不下的重要因素,而减轻教师工作负担,合理配置工作内容,必须客观呈现中小学教师工作内容的现实样态和困境。本研究深入分析全国48874份教师调查问卷,发现多数教师感到工作强度过大,工作内容无论是“质”还是“量”上都未达到合理的结构样态。非教学工作呈现出数量上“积少成多”、分布上“盘根错节”、时空上“界限不明”等诸多问题,教师对非教学工作的抵触心理、不同教师工作内容问题的复杂性和差异性也让工作内容的优化面临困境和挑战。因此,只有厘清教师职责边界、增强教师工作弹性,针对不同教师工作内容的突出问题精准施策,才能有效调适教师工作内容,切实减轻教师负担。

数字赋能学校体育评价工作的优势、挑战与进路

数字技术已经成为助力行业持续发展和转型升级的新动能,越来越多的行业或领域运用数字技术进行数字化转型。若将数字技术嵌入到学校体育评价工作中,发挥其技术优势,或许能够为学校体育评价工作发展提供新的思路。本文运用文献资料、逻辑分析等研究方法,对数字技术应用于学校体育评价工作的先天优势、潜在挑战和实践进路进行剖析。研究结果表明:数字技术具有数字化、网络化、智能化、共享化、抓取化、可筛选化、去中心化等典型特征,这些特征对于改善学校体育评价工作中所产生的“评价导向过于追求量化、评价主体一元中心化明显、评价过程信息透明度不足”等问题具有先天优势。将数字技术应用到学校体育评价工作中,还具有“数字技术的广泛应用尚有限制、数字技术会导致学校体育评价主体角色的转变、数字技术会推动学校体育评价方法的革新”三个方面的潜在挑战。据此,建议:从“形成‘使用数字技术’的社会共识、整合评价标准与优化信息录入相结合、以科学方式确立评价比重和指标体系”三个方面共同推动学校体育评价工作的数字化转型。