Research on the Relationship between the School-Running Characteristics of Private Colleges and Universities and the Development Objectives of the Government

The development objectives of the Chinese government have a guiding effect on the school-running characteristics of private colleges and universities.This paper explores the relationship between the characteristics of private colleges and universities and the development objectives of the provincial government,using Jiangsu Province as a case study.All the schools have the consciousness of fully considering the development objectives of Jiangsu Province when formulating the school-running characteristics.Their characteristics all contain some training methods,training courses,or institutional construction aiming at the development objectives.Most universities can support the government’s objectives on employment and innovation.Only a third of the schools provide government support for science research.Private colleges and universities should make full use of the free and flexible advantages of private education,combine them with the continuous changes of policies and markets,and create clear,scientific,and dynamic school-running characteristics,in order to achieve long-term development.

Informationized Technological Path for the School-running Risk Prevention and Supervision of Private Colleges and Universities under the Background of the Internet

At present,with the decrease of the educational population and the gradual deepening of the higher educational reform,the development of the private colleges and universities is facing various contradictions and challenges.The development concept of"innovation,coordination,green,open and sharing"put forward at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the CPC provides the value guidance and the practical basis for the private colleges and universities to renew their development concepts and solve their development problems.

Natural variation in the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B OsCOX5B regulates seed vigor by altering energy production in rice

Seed vigor is a crucial trait for the direct seeding of rice.Here we examined the genetic regulation of seed vigor traits in rice,including germination index(GI)and germination potential(GP),using a genome-wide association study approach.One major quantitative trait locus,qGI6/qGP6,was identified simultaneously for both GI and GP.The candidate gene encoding the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B(OsCOX5B)was validated for qGI6/qGP6.The disruption of OsCOX5B caused the vigor traits to be significantly lower in Oscox5b mutants than in the japonica Nipponbare wild type(WT).Gene co-expression analysis revealed that OsCOX5B influences seed vigor mainly by modulating the tricarboxylic acid cycle process.The glucose levels were significantly higher while the pyruvic acid and adenosine triphosphate levels were significantly lower in Oscox5b mutants than in WT during seed germination.The elite haplotype of OsCOX5B facilitates seed vigor by increasing its expression during seed germination.Thus,we propose that OsCOX5B is a potential target for the breeding of rice varieties with enhanced seed vigor for direct seeding.

Effects of Concentration of NO_3^--N on Root Vigor and Rhizosphere pH of Winter Wheat Seedlings

[Objective] The aim was to research the effect of concentration of NO-3-N on root vigor and rhizosphere pH of winter wheat seedlings under water culture.[Method]By selecting Hoagland's nutritional solution as cultural medium and winter wheat as material of experiment,on the basis,testing root vigor,nutrient solution NO-3 and change of pH values under the different level of disposal,such as high(containing NO-3-N 15 mmol/L),medium(containing NO-3-N 7.5 mmol/L)and lower(containing NO-3-N 2.5 mmol/L).[Result]The results of this research showed that the effect of different nitrogen level on the wastage of nutrient solution NO-3,the changes of pH values and root vigor is obvious under the hydroponics condition.[Conclusion]Though NO-3 is a safe nitrogen sources when it was supplied to plants too more,it would restrain assimilation on nitrate nitrogen farther,but when it was supplied to plants too little,it would lead to deficiency of NO-3 that plants uptake and decrease of root activity,so it isn't useful to wheat young seedling to absorb nitrogen nutrition.

Effects of Sunflower Artificial Aging on Seed Vigor and Physiological Characteristics

[Objective]The aim was to study the effects of sunflower artificial aging on seed vigor and physiological characteristics.[Method] The varieties of seed germination capacity,vigor of germination,germination index,vigor index,peroxidase（POD） activity,superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity and malondialdehyde（MDA） content for four sunflower germplasms such as＇SunM20＇,＇Deep Purple Minle＇,＇Da San Kui Hua 4＇and＇Ji Kui 24＇were studied under high temperature and high humidity conditions（100% RH,45 ℃） for different days（0 d,2 d,4 d,6 d,8 d,10 d）.[Result]The result showed that the germination capacity,vigor of germination,germination index,vigor index,POD activity,SOD activity declined gradually with the increase of seed aging days,whereas MDA content enhanced by degrees;The diggerences of resistance to artifical aging existed among the four accessions,＇SunM20＇was the most resistant one,and exhibited the strongest seed vigor,highest activities of two protective enzyme（POD,SOD） and lowest content of MDA at the uniform condition,moreover,the seed vigor and protective enzyme activities of＇SunM20＇changed slowest among the four materials during the aging process.[Conclusion]The distinct reduction of POD,SOD activities maybe the main reasons for the decrease of sunflower seed vigor at the artificial aging,and the gradual accumulation of a few MDA accelerated seeds aging.

Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Cold Response of Seedling Vigor Traits in Rice

The quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for the seedling vigor traits under 12℃ cold water irrigation, such as the seedling height, the seedling fresh weight, the seedling dry weight, and their cold response index, were identified using an F2：3 population including 200 individuals and lines derived from a cross of indica and japonica ＂Milyang 23/Jileng 1＂ with microsatellite markers. All seedling vigor traits exhibited a continuous distribution near normal in F3 lines; these traits were quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes. Twelve QTLs conferring the seedling vigor traits under cold water irrigation were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 7, 8, and 12, which explained the observed phenotypic variance from 5.2% to 17.9%. Among them, qCSH2 and qCSH12 were located in RM262-RM263 on chromosome 2 and RM270-RM17 on chromosome 12, respectively, which were associated with the seedling height, qSDW12 and qCSDW1 were located in RM19-RM270 on chromosome 12 and RM 129-RM9 on chromosome 1, respectively, which were correlated with the seedling dry weight and its cold response index, and the explained 16.6%, 17.9%, 15.9%, and 16.2% of the observed phenotypic variation, respectively. These QTLs alleles were derived from cold-tolerant parent Jileng 1; the gene actions of the two front genes showed their additive effect, and the two genes belind showed dominant and over dominant effects, respectively.

A Comparative Study on the Leaf Characteristics and Root Vigor of Bowl Lotus under Hydroponics and Soil Culture

[Objective] The experiment aimed to study the growth characteristics of hydroponic bowl lotus. [Method] The lotus variety Hongxia was chosen as the experimental material. Two treatments, hydroponics and soil culture were set to measure their photosynthetic indices, chlorophyll content and root vigor, and to observe their leaf tissue structure and stomatal characteristics. [Result] The findings indicated that there are no differences in the leaf physiological indices between bowl lotus under hydroponics and soil culture, while the leaf stomata of hydroponic bowl lotus is bigger and its amount is larger than that of soil-culture bowl lotus. At the same time, the ratio of the palisade tissue thickness to spongy tissue thickness is small,and its leaf tissue structure is loose. The root vigor of hydroponic bowl lotus reached its summit earlier, then began to drop. Whereas, the root activity of soil-culture lotus sustained increasing, with vigorous growth. [Conclusion] Therefore, it indicated that hydroponic bowl lotus can adapt to the aquatic-culture environment well and quickly, meanwhile, it also enters into its aging period quickly and its growth cycle gets shorter.

Study on Seed Vigor of Rice Photo-ThermoSensitive Genic Male Sterile(PTGMS) Line with Low Temperature Storage

To explore the change rule of seed vigor and seed application technology of rice PTGMS lines with low temperature storage,Zhun S,Y58S,Feng S and Guangzhan 63-4S stored in the seed bank with the temperature of 8-10 ℃ and with the relative humidity of 55% for different years were used as the materials to study the properties of seed vigor,growth and development in the field, etc. The re- sults showed that the germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index of rice PTGMS lines seeds showed downward trends as the time of low temperature storage prolonged,and all of the germination rates of the seeds within five years were over 60%. The conductivity in the soaked solution of seeds was significantly increased with the prolonged low temperature storage time. Seedling rate,root length,white root number,base stem width and seedling dry weight of seeds showed downward trends as the time of low temperature storage prolonged. There was no significant difference between two integral seedling qualities of seeds within 4-6 years in low temperature storage. Compared with the germination rate of low temperature storage seeds soaking for 6,12 and 24 h,the appropriate soak time of long time low temperature storage or low vigor seeds was 12 h. A serious natural aging phenomenon occurred in low temperature storage seeds after out of the storage. The germination rate of seeds placed under natural condition for 50 d decreased obviously. The duration from seeding to heading of Zhun S,Y58S and Feng S shortened as the time of low temperature storage prolonged, while the vari- ation of panicle duration of all PTGMS lines was not obvious. In conclusion, rice PTGMS line seeds with low temperature storage in 5 years could still be used nor- mally. However.seeds after low temperature storage should be sowed as soon as possible, and the soaking time of low vigor seeds should be shortened,and the possibility that the decreased duration from seeding to heading should also be con- sidered.

Study on Vigor of Kenaf Seeds Stored with Different Packaging Methods for 31 Years

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different packaging methods on seed germination and vigor under a long-term bank storage condition, selecting suitable packaging materials and methods, and comprehensively estimate changes in seed vigor of seeds stored with different packaging materials. Hibiscus cannabinus L. seeds were stored in aluminium box, seed box, glass bottle, POlyethylene film bag, sack and kraft paper bag as packaging materials in a, long-term bank and tested for their seeds germinability, electrical conductivity and field seedling rate after 31 years. The results showed that the kenaf seeds with an initial germination rate of 88% exhibited the germination rates over 79.7% after being stored in the 6 packaging materials for 31 years, the germination rates of seeds packaged with paper bag and sack and of those sealed in film bag and aluminium box showed significantly decreased germination rates, while the seeds sealed in seed boxes and glass bottles exhibited non-significant decreases in seed germination rate, and their germination rates were still above 85%. Seed box and glass bottle were the packaging materials most suitable for long-term safe storage of kenaf seeds with a safe storage period long than 31 years.

基于可穿戴电子设备干预对健康青少年身体活动和久坐行为影响的Meta分析

目的:虽然可穿戴电子设备作为干预工具在增进身体活动方面展现出潜在效用,但关于其对健康青少年群体具体效果的全面评估仍显不足。为此,文章系统地探索和总结基于可穿戴电子设备的干预对健康青少年身体活动及久坐行为的影响,以期为公共卫生实践提供更精准和可靠的循证支持。方法:从Web of Science,PubMed,Scopus,The Cochrane Library和EBSCO数据库中检索关于可穿戴电子设备的干预对健康青少年身体活动和久坐行为影响的随机对照试验。利用RevMan 5.4和Stata 17软件进行Meta分析,通过标准化均数差评价干预对身体活动及久坐行为的效果。为确保研究结果的稳健性,采用Leave-One-Out方法进行敏感性分析,并通过亚组分析深入探究不同因素对结果的可能影响。该方案已在国际系统综述前瞻性注册中心注册(CRD42023406645)。结果:①最终纳入12篇文献,其中包含3项随机对照试验和9项整群随机对照试验,共纳入4933名健康青少年对象。②Meta分析结果发现,基于可穿戴电子设备的干预对中高强度身体活动产生了积极影响(SMD=0.10,95%CI:0.04-0.17;P<0.05),然而,该干预未能显著改善低强度身体活动(SMD=-0.15,95%CI:-0.32-0.02;P>0.05)、每日步数(SMD=0.13,95%CI:-0.65-0.91;P>0.05)和久坐行为(SMD=0.00,95%CI:-0.09-0.09;P>0.05)。③亚组分析结果表明,短期(≤12周)干预(SMD=0.11,95%CI:0.03-0.18;P=0.008)、佩戴在腰或臀部的计步器的研究(SMD=0.10,95%CI:0.04-0.17;P=0.002),以及在临床注册中心注册的试验(SMD=0.11,95%CI:0.04-0.17;P=0.001)对提升每日中高强度身体活动的效果更为显著。结论:当前证据表明,基于可穿戴电子设备的干预措施在提升健康青少年每日中高强度身体活动方面具有一定优势;建议通过不超过12周的干预时间、使用腰部或臀部计步器的干预设备以获得更好的促进效果;然而,每日步数、低强度身体活动以及久坐行为的干预效果存在一定的局限性,未来仍需要更高质量、大样本的随机对照试验进一步验证。

军用决策支持系统VIGOR

本文介绍了军用决策支持系统ＶＩＧＯＲ的设计与实现，并讨论了它对军用辅助决策功能的支持。

可穿戴设备干预促进老年人身体活动的Meta分析

目的:虽然可穿戴设备在促进老年人身体活动方面的潜在效益已得到认可,但现有研究针对该人群的具体效果尚未进行全面系统的评估。文章旨在系统评价可穿戴设备干预对老年人中高强度身体活动、低强度身体活动、总身体活动、每日步数以及久坐行为等身体活动相关指标的影响。方法:通过PubMed、EMbase、Scopus、Ovid-Medline、The Cochrane Library、SPORTDiscus、CNKI、维普和万方等数据库检索文献,搜集关于可穿戴设备干预对老年人身体活动影响的随机对照试验,检索时限为各数据库建库至2024-03-10。采用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具对纳入文献进行方法学质量评价,运用Review Manager 5.2和Stata 12.0软件进行数据合并、亚组分析、森林图绘制、敏感性分析、发表偏倚评价及单因素Meta回归分析。结果:①最终纳入43篇文献,包含5194个样本量;②Meta分析结果显示,可穿戴设备干预对老年人每日步数(SMD=0.48,95%CI:0.33-0.62,P<0.00001)、中高强度身体活动(SMD=0.29,95%CI:0.20-0.38,P<0.00001)、低强度身体活动(SMD=0.17,95%CI:0.02-0.32,P=0.03)和总身体活动(SMD=0.15,95%CI:0.02-0.28,P=0.02)均有显著的促进效果,然而对改善老年人久坐行为无明显效果(SMD=-0.08,95%CI:-0.21-0.05,P=0.22);③亚组分析结果显示,采用综合干预措施、干预时间≤12周以及使用计步器作为干预设备对促进老年人低强度身体活动和总身体活动的效果更佳;采用综合干预措施、干预时间≤12周及使用加速度计为干预设备可能对促进老年人每日步数和中高强度身体活动更有效;④Meta回归结果表明,年龄(P=0.038)和健康状况(P=0.083)是影响每日步数异质性的重要因素。结论:当前证据表明,可穿戴设备干预在促进老年人每日步数、中高强度身体活动、低强度身体活动和总身体活动方面具有积极作用,建议在设计可穿戴设备干预方案时,考虑采用综合干预方式、干预时间≤12周并根据干预目标选择合适的设备。尽管如此,对于减少久坐行为的干预效果尚需更多高质量随机对照试验来进一步验证。

Advances on Seed Vigor Physiological and Genetic Mechanisms

Seed vigor is a more promising seed quality character reflecting potential seed germination, field emergence and seed storage ability under different conditions than standard germination. Standard germination is influenced by genetic background and environmental effects during seed development and storage conditions. The latest research on physiological mechanism in seed vigor showed that at the late stage of seed development, the development of seed vigor involves some stress-resistant substances including late embryogenesis abundant （LEA） protein, oligosaccharides and abscisic acid （ABA）. Whereas the loss of seed vigor, or seed aging and deterioration, could be attributed to lipid peroxidation, chromosome deformation and genes aberrance, and embryo protein degradation, etc. Seed vigor is a quantitative character controlled by multi-genes. Genetic and quantitative trait locus （QTL） analyses on seed-vigor trait in model plants, such as Arabidopsis and rice, are mostly concentrated on related morphology traits, whereas few physiological traits have been researched. It was concluded that, all of the QTL genetic characteristics of seed vigorincluding QTL quantities, its locus on chromosome, genetic effects, and interaction effects between genetic and environment, differed with plant species and used seed-vigor traits.

Effect of mechanical threshing on damage and vigor of maize seed threshed at different moisture contents

Mechanical threshing used when preparing maize seeds for planting subjects seed to damage and reduces seed quality.The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of mechanical threshing on the quality of maize seed threshed at different moisture contents(MCs).Seeds of dent maize JK968 and flint maize DD2 were threshed at 12,15,18,21,and 24% MC.The damage degree was determined by iodine staining,and seed vigor was assessed by standard germination(SG),cold test germination(CTG),accelerated aging germination(AAG),seedling emergence rate,and seedling root and shoot length.The results showed that the damage percentage increased,and the seed vigor parameters decreased with increasing seed MC during threshing in both cultivars.For obtaining high seed quality,indicated by at least 90,85,and 80% of SG,AAG,and CTG,respectively,JK 968 and DD2 should be threshed at MC lower than 15 and 18%,respectively.Furthermore,the damage mainly occurred in the apical part of seeds,irrespective of the threshing MC in both cultivars.When the embryo was damaged,seedling emergence rates were significantly reduced with great influence on shoot length.Damage to the endosperm resulted in little effect on seedling performance.Flint maize DD2 was more tolerant to mechanical threshing than dent maize JK968.These results provided technical reference for the production and processing of high vigor maize seeds.

Improving the assessment method of seed vigor in Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana based on oxygen sensing technology

Oxygen sensing technology was employed to study the rapid methods for seed vigor assessment of Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata） and Masson pine （Pinus massoniana）. Firstly, seeds of five lots were performed using accelerated aging （AA） into three vigor levels. Then, four oxygen sensing indices, including increased metabolism time （IMT）, oxygen metabolism rate （OMR）, critical oxygen pressure （COP）, relative germination time （RGT） and the control indiees such as labora- tory germination indices, dehydrogenase activity （DA）, and electrical conductivity （EC） were analyzed by the tests of 15 samples. The results of correlation analysis between these indices and field emergence per- formances based on two-year and two-spot data showed that RGT and OMR should be indicated as the optimal oxygen sensing indices to rap- idly and automatically evaluate seed vigor of Chinese fir and Masson pine, respectively. On the basis, one-variable linear regression equations were built to forecast their field emergence performances by the two oxygen sensing indices.

Effects of Pb Pollution on Seed Vigor of Three Rice Cultivars

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of different Pb concentrations on rice seed germination and seedling growth in three cultivars （Jiayu 293, Jiayu 948 and Xieyou 963）. The method of qualitative traits combining with quantitative traits by orthogonal polynomials was applied to analyze rice seed vigor by regression model. The seeds from different rice cultivars had different sensitivity to Pb poison. In the Pb concentration of 100-700 mg/L, Pb significantly decreased root length and shoot height, and the degree of the restraint would aggravate with the increasing of Pb concentration. However, Pb did not reduce root dry weight and shoot dry weight, which indicated that different physiological characteristics had different sensitive reactions to Pb. The predicting equations of regression were developed, which could be used to predict the effects of different Pb concentrations on rice seed vigor.

Effects of submergence in water on seed germination and vigor of the Copaifera lucens(Fabaceae) seedlings

We analyzed the tolerance of Copaifera lucens seeds to sub- mersion in water to assess the use of this species for direct seeding in riparian forest restoration programs. Seeds were submerged in water for 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days or not submerged （control = 0 days of submer- gence）. For the control and at the end of each period of submersion, germination and seedling vigor tests were carried out. For germination tests, seeds were sown in plastic pots containing sand and kept in labora- tory conditions. The percentage of seed germination, the germination rate and the average germination time were analyzed. For seedlings, total biomass, leaf area, leaf mass per area and leaf area ratio were analyzed. Submersion time drastically affected the dissolved oxygen content and seed germination. Between 4 and 8 days of submersion there was a de- crease from 83.8% to 15.6% in the germination percentage. No seed germination occurred after 16 days of submersion. Although there was a significant decrease in the percentage of seed germination between 4 and 8 days of submersion, seedling vigor was not affected. Seeds of this species were partially tolerant to submersion in water, suggesting that C. lucens is a promising species for direct seeding in riparian forest restora- tion projects.

Effects of Seed Maturity of Turf-Type Tall Fescue on the Seed Vigor and the Optimal Harvesting Time

By assay of accelerated aging germination, germination index, vigor index, seedling length, seedling weight, electric conductivity, dehydrogenase activity, ATP content and acid phosphoesterase activity during seed development of turf-type tall fescue, the seed vigor of tall fescue were studied. Combining with seed moisture content and yield, the optimal harvesting time of tall fescue was determined. The results indicated that the seed vigor increased continuously along with seed maturity, and the higher seed vigor was achieved at 19th day after perk anthesis and maintained continuously until 31st day after peak anthesis. At 25th day after peak anthesis, the highest yield of 3 533 kg ha-1 and the good quality of seeds of tall fescue were harvested with 32.19% moisture content. From 22nd to 31st day after peak anthesis, the seed yield of 3 300 kg ha-1 and the good quality seeds of tall fescue were harvested with 40 - 12. 43% moisture content, and the span was the optimal harvesting time.

Mapping of QTLs Associated with Seed Vigor to Artificial Aging Using Two RIL Populations in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i>L.)

Improvement in seed vigor under adverse condition is an important object in maize breeding nowadays. Because the higher sowing quality of seeds is necessary for the development of the agriculture production and better able to resist all kinds of adversity in the seeds storage. So it is helpful for long-term preservation of germplasm resource. In our study, two connected recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations, which derived from the crosses Yu82 × Shen137 and Yu537A × Shen137 respectively, were evaluated for four related traits of seed vigor under three aging treatments. Meta-analysis was used to integrate genetic maps and detected QTL across two populations. In total, 74 QTL and 20 meta-QTL (mQTL) were detected. All QTLs with contributions (R2) over 10% were consistently detected in at least one of aging treatments and integrated in mQTL. Four key mQTLs (mQTL2-2, mQTL5-3, mQTL6 and mQTL8) with R2 of some initial QTLs > 10% included 5-9 initial QTLs associated with 2-4 traits. Therefore, the chromosome regions for four mQTLs with high QTL co-localization might be hot spots of the important QTLs for the associated traits. Twenty-two key candidate genes regulating four related traits of seed vigor mapped in 14 corresponding mQTLs. In particular, At5g67360, 45238345/At1g70730/At1g09640 and 298201206 were mapped within the important mQTL5-3, mQTL6 and mQTL8 regions, respectively. Fine mapping or construction of single chromosome segment lines for genetic regions of the three mQTLs is worth further study and could be put to use molecular marker-assisted breeding and pyramiding QTLs in maize.

Effects of Artificial Aging on Physiological Characteristics and Seed Vigor of Medicago ruthenica Seeds

As shown by the changes in physiological characteristics and seed vigor of three Medicago ruthenica samples during artificial aging process, the germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index and simple vigor index declined with the extension of aging time on the whole. After artificial aging for 6 min, the vigor was higher than that of the control. The conductivity, malondialdehyde content and soluble polysaccharide content of seed leachate increased with the aging time and negatively correlated （ P 〈 0.05） with the seed vigor indicators. The physiological indicators were very significantly correlated （P 〈 0.01 ） with the vigor indicators in the Medicago ruthenica sample from Dorbod Qi, UIanqab City（China）.