Inevitability and Emergent Problems of Science &Technology Innovation Access to Integration

The causes and the problems of integration of scientific ＆ technical innovation （ISTI） and inevitability are proposed. The status of domestic scientific ＆ technical innovation is analysed. A series of emergent managerial problems caused by the system ISTI （SISTI） are pointed out. Because of Hall three dimensions structure＇s enlightenment, a three dimensional logical net diagram in which the system integration of innovation based on problem in real world but not on disciplinary logic is drawn. The intelligent group＇ s need span is greater under the conditions of relatively low material level than common groups who have lower degree of education. The SISTI is composed by multi-rule and intelligent multi-agent behavior. It is concluded that the logical relationships of integrated technology which based on the author＇s experience and observation must be considerded for a valid management of SISTI.

Huazhong University of Science and Technology(H.U.S.T)

1.Origins and DevelopmentHuazhong University of Science andTechnology(H.U.S.T.)is one of the leadinguniversities in China directly under the StateCommission for Education.H.U.S.T.was founded by gathering thefaculty and students as well as the equip-

A new approach to assessing the science and technology competitiveness of China's provincial academies of sciences

Purpose： This study aims to establish a new framework for evaluating science and technology （S＆T） competitiveness that is appropriate to meet the needs of provincial academies of sciences （PASs） in China.Design/methodology/approaches： An evaluation index, including such assessing indicators as research strength, research impact, research development and trends, and regional contributions, is developed for China＇s PASs. Taking the Jiangxi Academy of Sciences （JXAS） as an example, we first explain how to apply this framework to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of PASs in China. Then, we compare the results of all 17 PASs in order to get a comprehensive understanding of their competitiveness.Findings： Our results show the development path, current status, innovation advantages, and weaknesses of JXAS very clearly. Based on our comparative analysis, we ranked the 17 PASs from the perspective of different dimensions, by which their competitiveness strengths and weaknesses can be highlighted for improvement.Research limitations： In this analysis, we did not take S＆T policies, S＆T systems, or historical factors into consideration. Thus, we may have ignored the influence of the soft individual differences of different PASs in China..Practical implications： The evaluation index developed in this paper provides a useful insight into an analytical method that can be used by PASs or other provincial research institutions （PRIs） to assess their competitiveness.Originality/value： Compared with existing evaluation frameworks, our method has two main characteristics： First, we added three new dimensions, including the PASs＇ applicable research outputs, regional contributions, and comparative advantages; second, we conducted a comparative analysis of local research institutes in their different advantaged industrial areas, which makes our analytical method more comprehensive for local research institutions.

The measure and characteristics of spatial-temporal evolution of China＇s science and technology resource allocation efficiency

According to the connotation and structure of science and technology resources and some relevant data of more than 286 cities at prefecture level and above during 2001-2010, using modified method--Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA）, science and tech- nology （S＆T） resource allocation efficiency of different cities in different periods has been figured out, which, uncovers the distributional difference and change law of S＆T resource allocation efficiency from the time-space dimension. Based on that, this paper has analyzed and discussed the spatial distribution pattern and evolution trend of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different cities by virtue of the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis （ESDA）. It turned out that： （1） the average of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in cities at prefecture level and above has always stayed at low levels, moreover, with repeated fluctuations between high and low, which shows a decreasing trend year by year. Besides, the gap between the East and the West is widening. （2） The asymmetrical distribution of S＆T resource allocation effi- ciency presents a spatial pattern of successively decreasing from Eastern China, Central China to Western China. The cities whose S＆T resource allocation efficiency are at higher level and high level take on a cluster distribution, which fits well with the 23 forming urban agglomerations in China. （3） The coupling degree between S＆T resource allocation efficiency and economic environment assumes a certain positive correlation, but not completely the same. The differentiation of S＆T resource allocation efficiency is common in regional devel- opment, whose existence and evolution are directly or indirectly influenced by and regarded as the reflection of many elements, such as geographical location, the natural endowment and environment of S＆T resources and so on. （4） In the perspective of the evolution of spatial structure, S＆T resource allocation efficiency of the cities at prefecture level and above shows a notable spatial autocorrelation, which in every period presents a positive correlation. The spatial distribution of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in neighboring cities seems to be similar in group, which tends to escalate stepwise. Meanwhile, the whole differentiation of geographical space has a diminishing tendency. （5） Viewed from LISA agglomeration map of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different periods, four agglomeration types have changed differently in spatial location and the range of spatial agglomeration. And the conti- nuity of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in geographical space is gradually increasing.

Science and Technology Networks: A Helping Hand to Boost Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030?

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 underlines the importance of Science and Technology(S&T) and S&T networks for effective disaster risk reduction(DRR). The knowledge of existing S&T networks and their exact role in DRR,however, is limited. This opinion piece initiates a discussion on the role of S&T networks in the implementation of the Sendai Framework. The article highlights that current practice is oriented towards a narrative that emphasizes the potential of S&T for DRR and stresses a collaborative approach delivered through networks. But a true understanding of whether and how S&T networks can mobilize and enable S&T for DRR is missing. We call for a review of existing S&T networks for DRR and the development of good practice guidelines on S&T networks for DRR. This review should include knowledge on how to overcome common challenges and maximize the benefits, along with a framework for successful evaluation of such networks.This knowledge would provide much needed guidance for existing and emerging networks.

The Evolution of China’s National Innovation System During the 40 Years of Reform and Opening Up

From the perspective of economic system transformations and scientific and technological system reforms, this paper investigates the evolution of China’s national innovation system (NIS) during the 40 years of reform and opening up. It concludes that China’s NIS has evolved from weak to strong, from a follower groping its way onto the track of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics. China’s innovation system has experienced a trajectory from “introduction and imitation of complete sets of technology” to “market for technology and imitative innovation,” to “integrated and secondary innovation” and on to “integrated, secondary, collaborative and original innovation combined.” The path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics is a natural choice of economic, societal, and technological development in the new era.

基于Citrix的异地软件共享系统的设计与实现

针对国家科技基础条件平台中大型仪器、设备等共享的需求,提出基于思杰(Citrix)的异地软件共享解决方案,其中包括系统原理、设计与实现的描述。经过用户试用,证明该方案可行,有助于提高大型软件的利用率,减少大型软件的购买费用,符合科技基础条件平台资源共享与整合的建设原则。

“土秀才”如何挑起乡村振兴“金扁担”——CAS视域下对王台镇科技特派员制度系统的机理分析

乡村振兴背景下科技特派员制度在助力实现农业农村现代化的过程中发挥着重要作用。研究基于复杂适应系统理论(CAS)对福建省王台镇科技特派员的制度系统实践及其中的机理问题进行分析。研究发现,科技特派员制度系统在制度主体、运行过程等方面呈现出多维复杂适应性特征;在“刺激-反应”模型下这一制度系统建立起双向选择机制、投入回报机制及政府保障机制等复杂适应性机制;以“积木组合”为中心建立起包括“科技二传手”在内的3种创新发展模式。基于以上结论,研究从发挥导向优势等方面提出科技特派员制度发展的长效机制建议。

底线思维与科技审度:高风险社会治理的要义与进路

当前AI大爆发及其应对乏力表明,西方科技发展模式的缺陷与人类社会的脆弱及学界研究的薄弱,更加凸显人类风险防控机制存在诸多漏洞及其引发的科技危机与人类安全危机,已把人类带入高风险社会。用底线思维与刘大椿提出的科技审度予以破解:底线思维解决非共识下的议而不决;科技审度和审度思维所特有的执两用中、包容互补、多元开放、整合升级、共识决策等,可提供有效的治理对策。科技转型是治理科技风险的根本解决之道,科技审度可发挥重要的启发与引导作用,以构建真善美的新型科技发展模式,加快世界科学中心建设,据此总结出高风险社会治理的要义与进路,以作为科技风险治理的研究指南。

全球科技社团发展现状与趋势

科技社团与科技创新相辅相成,是驱动国家创新发展的重要社会力量。基于2019至2022年世界一流科技社团评估数据库,以3 016家全球科技社团为研究样本,通过大样本跨案例比较、统计分析、规范分析等方法,从组织维度、功能维度和影响维度总结了全球科技社团的发展特征与规律,发现全球科技社团日益呈现出治理敏捷化、功能集成化、业务生态化、运营公司化、服务泛在化、资源开放化、影响大众化、组织联合化、合作全球化、地位进阶化等十大发展趋势。凝练和把握全球科技社团发展现状与趋势,为赋予全球科技社团踔厉奋发的使命感、增强政府部门对科技社团治理的决策力、激发全球学界对科技社团研究的兴趣,推动科技社团更好地服务全球科技创新发展,促进科技向善、造福人类社会提供参考和启示。

我国科技评价政策主题的演化趋势

旨在分析我国科技评价政策主题演化趋势,以进一步优化我国科技评价体系。此次共纳入114篇政策文件,将时间跨度划分为4个阶段,运用动态主题模型(DTM)挖掘政策主题的分布特征,引入Hellinger距离分析主题演化趋势。研究结果表明:科技评价政策主题聚焦在9个方面,随着科技评价制度的完善,科技评价政策主题更加多元化;科技监督与治理、人才评价和科技绩效评价的主题强度呈现明显上升趋势;政策主题的演化方向和时代背景密切相关,呈现强延续性、强衍生性的特点,且上述主题强度上升的领域有望成为未来科技评价工作的重点。

英国科技伦理监管体系研究与启示

英国是科技创新强国,向来重视科技伦理的合理有效监管,已建立涉及多个领域的科技伦理监管体系。通过研究英国科技伦理监管法规政策制度和实验动物、卫生健康、转基因与生态环境、数据、人工智能以及财政资助计划项目等领域的伦理监管体制机制,分析总结英国科技伦理监管体系的经验及特点,本文认为英国内政部负责的实验动物管理体制、独特的卫生健康伦理监管系统、重视财政资助计划项目伦理监管以及有效的信息化平台支撑是英国科技伦理监管体系的特色,对中国加强科技伦理治理具有一定借鉴意义。就此提出加强科技伦理治理的相关启示及建议,为构建适合中国特色的科技伦理治理体系提供借鉴。

技术和生态双元“卡脖子”情境下科技领军企业突破性技术创新路径研究

基于协同追赶视角,采用探索性多案例研究方法,剖析技术和生态双元“卡脖子”情境下科技领军企业突破性技术创新路径。研究发现:中国科技领军企业主要通过原创技术追赶(第Ⅰ类)和引进技术追赶(第Ⅱ类)两种战略,在技术和市场上缩小与国外领先企业的差距,突破性技术创新是主要的创新形式;两类科技领军企业分别通过“技术架构源头突破”和“技术授权自研突破”的模式掌握关键核心技术,第Ⅰ类科技领军企业通过“技术联盟对冲突破”的模式破解技术生态封锁,两类企业都可以通过“技术平台兼容突破”的模式降低商业生态掣肘;第Ⅰ类科技领军企业的存在和快速进步有效促进第Ⅱ类科技领军企业持续获得知识更新,第Ⅱ类科技领军企业的发展和市场竞争则加速第Ⅰ类科技领军企业快速提升产品性能;在协同追赶突破性技术创新进程中,中国科技领军企业不仅承载起“双链”链长的使命担当,还通过“技术互补融通突破”的模式关联起“四链”(创新链、产业链、供应链、价值链)的稳健发展,实现高水平科技自立自强。

构建河南省技术要素市场对策研究

【目的】深入挖掘当前河南省技术市场发展过程中存在的问题,从政策环境、体制机制、创新主体等多方面提出对策建议,为后续河南省更好地建设省级技术交易大市场提供思路。【方法】开展河南省技术市场现状分析,研究其目前发展存在的问题。【结果】河南省应在坚持“政府引导、市场化为主”的前提下,围绕制定标准,搭建环境,开展技术转移业务研究,聚集技术转移中介机构,构建跨区域、跨领域、跨机构的,覆盖全省、服务企业的技术要素市场体系,从而形成良好的技术转移发展生态。【结论】技术要素市场对于河南省促进科技资源高效配置、加快区域技术要素自由流动、推动国家技术转移郑州中心和环省科学院创新生态圈建设具有重要意义。

欧盟科技创新战略及其对中欧科技合作的影响

2021年,欧盟开始实施第九期框架计划,即“地平线欧洲”计划。本文介绍了“地平线欧洲”计划反映出的欧盟科技创新未来关键战略方向和对外科技合作原则,从高科技产品贸易、合作论文发表、科研项目合作等多个维度分析中国与欧盟的科技合作现状与重点合作领域,探讨欧盟科技创新战略变化对中欧科技合作的可能影响,并对新的国际形势下如何推进未来中欧科技合作提出对策建议。

博物馆如何展示“科技的力量”——从中国国家博物馆“科技的力量”专题展览的内容设计谈起

博物馆举办科技与工业相关主题展览对完整全面展示社会历史发展进程具有重要意义。展览内容策划工作首先要明确展览立意,建构主线清晰的叙事脉络。通过深入挖掘和重新阐释馆藏、开展专项征集等方式充实展品,充分利用展览中的文字说明,注重历史阐释,充分展示科技在历史进程中的力量。

区域科技浅论

长期以来,国家科技发展偏重于领域科技,而相对忽视区域科技。为此,文章首先对区域科技的内涵进行了界定,并分析了区域科技发展的主要特点;接着分析了发展区域科技的必要性以及典型的发展模式;最后,指出了发展区域科技的现实意义。

科技成果转化机制的模式设计

文章分析了科技成果转化的重要性，介绍了我国科技成果转化机制存在的不足之处；将科技成果分为公益型、农业型、工业型和实用型４类，给出了其各自的定义并在投资主体、受益主体、风险等方面进行了比较；根据其分类运用系统工程的原理设计了科技成果转化的控制论模式。

从农民的视角看中国农业科技的供求、传播与应用状况

作者采用面向农户户主进行问卷调查的方法,从最基层的农民的视角反映中国农业科学技术在农村的供求、传播与应用状况;认为中国农户的经营规模小、农业的比较利益低、农业科技研究滞后、农业推广体系不完备、是制约农业科学技术在中国农村传播与广泛应用的根本障碍;文章提出了适当扩大经营规模、减轻农民负担、加强农业科技研究、健全和规范农业推广体制以及提高农民的科技文化素质等对策。

关于建立我国科技志愿服务体系的思考

科技志愿服务是现代志愿服务的重要组成部分,也是志愿服务发展的新趋势。本文介绍了科技志愿服务的基本含义,分析了当前发展科技志愿服务的社会环境和机遇,指出在我国深入开展科技志愿服务的必要性和可行性。同时,强调应从人员构成、动力机制、经费来源、运行方式、组织管理模式、服务范围、活动内容等多个方面创新体制机制,建立具有中国特色的科技志愿服务体系。