Ⅰ. SCIENCE IS FACING A SHARP TURN Complexity science is a new scientific category that made its debut in the 1980s. It is a newly emerging discipline concerning research into complexity itself, and its application to...Ⅰ. SCIENCE IS FACING A SHARP TURN Complexity science is a new scientific category that made its debut in the 1980s. It is a newly emerging discipline concerning research into complexity itself, and its application to complex systems. Although it is still in its infancy, it has been hailed by some leading scientists as "the science for the 21st century."展开更多
The aim of this paper is to look at some important educational aspects of complexity decision making m a mummsc^pnnary manner from the perspective of General Systems Theory （GST）. First, the major issues involved in...The aim of this paper is to look at some important educational aspects of complexity decision making m a mummsc^pnnary manner from the perspective of General Systems Theory （GST）. First, the major issues involved in complexity management and decision making are summarized as they are viewed in literature, and a review of GST and Systems Thinking is given. The discussion in the paper is developed within the context of GST in general, but concentrated on decision making in the three trends of GST： Operations Research, Cybernetics, and Managerial Cybernetics. Here, the role of Cybernetics in complexity decision making is particularly emphasized. The discussion is then extended to the latest developments in complexity decision making in Science of Complexity and Soft Systems Thinking. The study also includes a framework which is expected to guide instructors who are planning to offer contemporary courses on decision making. The framework provides some clues for assessing the level of complexity for a given situation and selecting the appropriate methodology for solution development.展开更多
The industrial supply chain networks basically capture the circulation of social resource, dominating the stability and efficiency of the industrial system. In this paper, we provide an empirical study of the topology...The industrial supply chain networks basically capture the circulation of social resource, dominating the stability and efficiency of the industrial system. In this paper, we provide an empirical study of the topology of smartphone supply chain network. The supply chain network is constructed using open online data. Our experimental results show that the smartphone supply chain network has small-world feature with scale-free degree distribution, in which a few high degree nodes play a key role in the function and can effectively reduce the communication cost. We also detect the community structure to find the basic functional unit. It shows that information communication between nodes is crucial to improve the resource utilization. We should pay attention to the global resource configuration for such electronic production management.展开更多
Objective To review the research methods of mass casualty incident （MCI） systematically and introduce the concept and characteristics of complexity science and artificial system,computational experiments and paralle...Objective To review the research methods of mass casualty incident （MCI） systematically and introduce the concept and characteristics of complexity science and artificial system,computational experiments and parallel execution （ACP） method.Data sources We searched PubMed,Web of Knowledge,China Wanfang and China Biology Medicine （CBM） databases for relevant studies.Searches were performed without year or language restrictions and used the combinations of the following key words：“mass casualty incident”,“MCI”,“research method”,“complexity science”,“ACP”,“approach”,“science”,“model”,“system” and “response”.Study selection Articles were searched using the above keywords and only those involving the research methods of mass casualty incident （MCI） were enrolled.Results Research methods of MCI have increased markedly over the past few decades.For now,dominating research methods of MCI are theory-based approach,empirical approach,evidence-based science,mathematical modeling and computer simulation,simulation experiment,experimental methods,scenario approach and complexity science.Conclusions This article provides an overview of the development of research methodology for MCI.The progresses of routine research approaches and complexity science are briefly presented in this paper.Furthermore,the authors conclude that the reductionism underlying the exact science is not suitable for MCI complex systems.And the only feasible alternative is complexity science.Finally,this summary is followed by a review that ACP method combining artificial systems,computational experiments and parallel execution provides a new idea to address researches for complex MCI.展开更多
Precision medicine （PM） refers to the tailoring of the prevention and treatment strategies to the individual characteristics of each patient. Following the vigorous advocacy of the U.S. President Obama and China＇s ...Precision medicine （PM） refers to the tailoring of the prevention and treatment strategies to the individual characteristics of each patient. Following the vigorous advocacy of the U.S. President Obama and China＇s President Xi, PM has now become a hot topic of common concern worldwide. PM does not merely refer to the skill set level but rather a comprehensive medical methodology. Hence, there is PM that builds on the analytical methodology of Western medical system as well as PM that builds on Chinese medicine （CM）. The differences between the two systems, fundamentally speaking, are the differences in methodology to describe the body constitution that based on reductionism and holism. Today, as science advances to complex systems, the mainstream analytical reductionism advances to the holistic synthesis era, it is imperative to introduce CM＇s holistic body constitution to the modern medical system in order to progress to PM. PM with its foundation on holistic body constitution, is a medical system that integrates Western medicine and CM, is the highest attainment of ＂PM＂ in the future.展开更多
In the field of life sciences, although system biology and ＂precision medicine＂ introduce some complex scientific methods and techniques, it is still based on the ＂analysis–reconstruction＂ of reductionist theory ...In the field of life sciences, although system biology and ＂precision medicine＂ introduce some complex scientific methods and techniques, it is still based on the ＂analysis–reconstruction＂ of reductionist theory as a whole. Adaptability of complex system increase system behaviour uncertainty as well as the difficulties of precise identification and control. It also put systems biology research into trouble. To grasp the behaviour and characteristics of organism fundamentally, systems biology has to abandon the ＂analysis–reconstruction＂ concept. In accordance with the guidelines of complexity science, systems biology should build organism model from holistic level, just like the Chinese medicine did in dealing with human body and disease. When we study the living body from the holistic level, we will find the adaptability of complex system is not the obstacle that increases the difficulty of problem solving. It is the ＂exceptional＂, ＂right-hand man＂ that helping us to deal with the complexity of life more effectively.展开更多
Understanding the interactions between humans and nature in the Anthropocene is central to the quest for both human wellbeing and global sustainability.However,the time-space compression,long range interactions,and re...Understanding the interactions between humans and nature in the Anthropocene is central to the quest for both human wellbeing and global sustainability.However,the time-space compression,long range interactions,and reconstruction of socio-economic structures at the global scale all pose great challenges to the traditional analytical frameworks of human-nature systems.In this paper,we extend the connotation of coupled human and natural systems(CHANS)and their four dimensions—space,time,appearance,and organization,and propose a novel framework:“Coupled Human and Natural Cube”(CHNC)to explain the coupling mechanism between humans and the natural environment.Our proposition is inspired by theories based on the human-earth areal system,telecoupling framework,planetary urbanization,and perspectives from complexity science.We systematically introduce the concept,connotation,evolution rules,and analytical dimensions of the CHNC.Notably there exist various“coupling lines”in the CHNC,connecting different systems and elements at multiple scales and forming a large,nested,interconnected,organic system.The rotation of the CHNC represents spatiotemporal nonlinear fluctuations in CHANS in different regions.As a system continually exchanges energy with the environment,a critical phase transition occurs when fluctuations reach a certain threshold,leading to emergent behavior of the system.The CHNC has four dimensions—pericoupling and telecoupling,syncoupling and lagcoupling,apparent coupling and hidden coupling,and intra-organization coupling and inter-organizational coupling.We mainly focus on the theoretical connotation,research methods,and typical cases of telecoupling,lagcoupling,hidden coupling,and inter-organizational coupling,and put forward a human-nature coupling matrix to integrate multiple dimensions.In summary,the CHNC provides a more comprehensive and systematic research paradigm for understanding the evolution and coupling mechanism of the human-nature system,which expands the analytical dimension of CHANS.The CHNC also provides a theoretical support for formulating regional,sustainable development policies for human wellbeing.展开更多
Analyzing airports＇ role in global air transportation and monitoring their development over time provides an additional perspective on the dynamics of network evolution.In order to understand the different roles airp...Analyzing airports＇ role in global air transportation and monitoring their development over time provides an additional perspective on the dynamics of network evolution.In order to understand the different roles airports can play in the network an integrated and multidimensional approach is needed.Therefore,an approach to airport classification through hierarchical clustering considering several parameters from network theory is presented in this paper.By applying a 29 year record of global flight data and calculating the conditional transition probabilities the results are displayed as an evolution graph similar to a discrete-time Markov chain.With this analytical concept the meaning of airports is analyzed from a network perspective and a new airport taxonomy is established.The presented methodology allows tracking the development of airports from certain categories into others over time.Results show that airports of equal classes run through similar stages of development with a limited number of alternatives,indicating clear evolutionary patterns.Apart from giving an overview of the results the paper illustrates the exact data-driven approach and suggests an evaluation scheme.The methodology can help the public and industry sector to make informed strategy decisions when it comes to air transportation infrastructure.展开更多
The predictions of the multiple-regime flows from continuum regime to free molecular regime are crucial for the aerodynamic design in a large number of engineering applications,such as the near-space craft,the ultra-l...The predictions of the multiple-regime flows from continuum regime to free molecular regime are crucial for the aerodynamic design in a large number of engineering applications,such as the near-space craft,the ultra-low orbit spacecraft and the micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS).Since the essence of this multiple-regime problem is a complex system composed by different scales and mechanics,the modeling and numerical prediction of these multiple-regime flows are very challenging at both theoretical and practical levels.Moreover,the single flow field with multiple flow regimes will make the problem extremly complicated.Unfortunately,this typical flow field is very common in hypersonic application and important for the development of multiple-regime aerodynamics.On the other hand,both the constructions of the low density wind tunnel with high enthalpy and the high altitude flight experiment are also very challenging at the present stage.Therefore,the researches on the multiple-regime flows and the corresponding complex science hit a worldwide bottleneck.This paper reviews the breakthroughs in the computational methods for multiple-regime flows in the last ten years,which can be used as numerical experimental tools for studying the multiple-scale flow mechanism and providing data for aerodynamic designs and thermal protections.This paper focuses on the progress of the unified wave-particle methods established in recent years,which are proved to be both accurate and efficient for multiple-regime flows with extremly high speed.展开更多
With the increase of the urban population and the rapid development of urbanization in China,a large number of old buildings will be demolished and produce a huge amount of waste.Currently the recycling ratio of old b...With the increase of the urban population and the rapid development of urbanization in China,a large number of old buildings will be demolished and produce a huge amount of waste.Currently the recycling ratio of old building materials is very low,which results in the problems of resource waste and environment pollution.This greatly challenges urban sustainable development.With respect to the continual growth of demolition waste quantities,it is urgent to research how to implement effective management of demolition wastes by focusing on the demolition agents' behavior.Based on the theory of complexity,this paper analyzes the demolition waste management from the perspective of complex adaptive system.Taking into account the "green" demolition(building dismantling) and conventional demolition(building demolished) methods,the agent-based modeling method with Repast Simphony platform is applied to simulate interactions between demolition agents.The longitudinal trend of demolition waste quantities is forecasted.展开更多
文摘Ⅰ. SCIENCE IS FACING A SHARP TURN Complexity science is a new scientific category that made its debut in the 1980s. It is a newly emerging discipline concerning research into complexity itself, and its application to complex systems. Although it is still in its infancy, it has been hailed by some leading scientists as "the science for the 21st century."
文摘The aim of this paper is to look at some important educational aspects of complexity decision making m a mummsc^pnnary manner from the perspective of General Systems Theory （GST）. First, the major issues involved in complexity management and decision making are summarized as they are viewed in literature, and a review of GST and Systems Thinking is given. The discussion in the paper is developed within the context of GST in general, but concentrated on decision making in the three trends of GST： Operations Research, Cybernetics, and Managerial Cybernetics. Here, the role of Cybernetics in complexity decision making is particularly emphasized. The discussion is then extended to the latest developments in complexity decision making in Science of Complexity and Soft Systems Thinking. The study also includes a framework which is expected to guide instructors who are planning to offer contemporary courses on decision making. The framework provides some clues for assessing the level of complexity for a given situation and selecting the appropriate methodology for solution development.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11547040 and 61703281)Guangdong Province Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant Nos.2016A030310051 and 2015KONCX143)+4 种基金Shenzhen Fundamental Research Foundation,China(Grant Nos.JCYJ20150625101524056 and JCYJ20160520162743717)SZU Student Innovation Fund,China,the PhD Start-up Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2017A030310374)the Young Teachers Start-up Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen University,Chinathe Natural Science Foundation of SZU,China(Grant No.2016-24)the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 2(Grant No.MOE 2013-T2-2-033)
文摘The industrial supply chain networks basically capture the circulation of social resource, dominating the stability and efficiency of the industrial system. In this paper, we provide an empirical study of the topology of smartphone supply chain network. The supply chain network is constructed using open online data. Our experimental results show that the smartphone supply chain network has small-world feature with scale-free degree distribution, in which a few high degree nodes play a key role in the function and can effectively reduce the communication cost. We also detect the community structure to find the basic functional unit. It shows that information communication between nodes is crucial to improve the resource utilization. We should pay attention to the global resource configuration for such electronic production management.
文摘Objective To review the research methods of mass casualty incident （MCI） systematically and introduce the concept and characteristics of complexity science and artificial system,computational experiments and parallel execution （ACP） method.Data sources We searched PubMed,Web of Knowledge,China Wanfang and China Biology Medicine （CBM） databases for relevant studies.Searches were performed without year or language restrictions and used the combinations of the following key words：“mass casualty incident”,“MCI”,“research method”,“complexity science”,“ACP”,“approach”,“science”,“model”,“system” and “response”.Study selection Articles were searched using the above keywords and only those involving the research methods of mass casualty incident （MCI） were enrolled.Results Research methods of MCI have increased markedly over the past few decades.For now,dominating research methods of MCI are theory-based approach,empirical approach,evidence-based science,mathematical modeling and computer simulation,simulation experiment,experimental methods,scenario approach and complexity science.Conclusions This article provides an overview of the development of research methodology for MCI.The progresses of routine research approaches and complexity science are briefly presented in this paper.Furthermore,the authors conclude that the reductionism underlying the exact science is not suitable for MCI complex systems.And the only feasible alternative is complexity science.Finally,this summary is followed by a review that ACP method combining artificial systems,computational experiments and parallel execution provides a new idea to address researches for complex MCI.
文摘Precision medicine （PM） refers to the tailoring of the prevention and treatment strategies to the individual characteristics of each patient. Following the vigorous advocacy of the U.S. President Obama and China＇s President Xi, PM has now become a hot topic of common concern worldwide. PM does not merely refer to the skill set level but rather a comprehensive medical methodology. Hence, there is PM that builds on the analytical methodology of Western medical system as well as PM that builds on Chinese medicine （CM）. The differences between the two systems, fundamentally speaking, are the differences in methodology to describe the body constitution that based on reductionism and holism. Today, as science advances to complex systems, the mainstream analytical reductionism advances to the holistic synthesis era, it is imperative to introduce CM＇s holistic body constitution to the modern medical system in order to progress to PM. PM with its foundation on holistic body constitution, is a medical system that integrates Western medicine and CM, is the highest attainment of ＂PM＂ in the future.
文摘In the field of life sciences, although system biology and ＂precision medicine＂ introduce some complex scientific methods and techniques, it is still based on the ＂analysis–reconstruction＂ of reductionist theory as a whole. Adaptability of complex system increase system behaviour uncertainty as well as the difficulties of precise identification and control. It also put systems biology research into trouble. To grasp the behaviour and characteristics of organism fundamentally, systems biology has to abandon the ＂analysis–reconstruction＂ concept. In accordance with the guidelines of complexity science, systems biology should build organism model from holistic level, just like the Chinese medicine did in dealing with human body and disease. When we study the living body from the holistic level, we will find the adaptability of complex system is not the obstacle that increases the difficulty of problem solving. It is the ＂exceptional＂, ＂right-hand man＂ that helping us to deal with the complexity of life more effectively.
基金Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41590842,No.41801164China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2018M630196。
文摘Understanding the interactions between humans and nature in the Anthropocene is central to the quest for both human wellbeing and global sustainability.However,the time-space compression,long range interactions,and reconstruction of socio-economic structures at the global scale all pose great challenges to the traditional analytical frameworks of human-nature systems.In this paper,we extend the connotation of coupled human and natural systems(CHANS)and their four dimensions—space,time,appearance,and organization,and propose a novel framework:“Coupled Human and Natural Cube”(CHNC)to explain the coupling mechanism between humans and the natural environment.Our proposition is inspired by theories based on the human-earth areal system,telecoupling framework,planetary urbanization,and perspectives from complexity science.We systematically introduce the concept,connotation,evolution rules,and analytical dimensions of the CHNC.Notably there exist various“coupling lines”in the CHNC,connecting different systems and elements at multiple scales and forming a large,nested,interconnected,organic system.The rotation of the CHNC represents spatiotemporal nonlinear fluctuations in CHANS in different regions.As a system continually exchanges energy with the environment,a critical phase transition occurs when fluctuations reach a certain threshold,leading to emergent behavior of the system.The CHNC has four dimensions—pericoupling and telecoupling,syncoupling and lagcoupling,apparent coupling and hidden coupling,and intra-organization coupling and inter-organizational coupling.We mainly focus on the theoretical connotation,research methods,and typical cases of telecoupling,lagcoupling,hidden coupling,and inter-organizational coupling,and put forward a human-nature coupling matrix to integrate multiple dimensions.In summary,the CHNC provides a more comprehensive and systematic research paradigm for understanding the evolution and coupling mechanism of the human-nature system,which expands the analytical dimension of CHANS.The CHNC also provides a theoretical support for formulating regional,sustainable development policies for human wellbeing.
基金supported by the German Research Foundation through the graduate school 1343the former European Center for Aviation Development -ECAD GmbH
文摘Analyzing airports＇ role in global air transportation and monitoring their development over time provides an additional perspective on the dynamics of network evolution.In order to understand the different roles airports can play in the network an integrated and multidimensional approach is needed.Therefore,an approach to airport classification through hierarchical clustering considering several parameters from network theory is presented in this paper.By applying a 29 year record of global flight data and calculating the conditional transition probabilities the results are displayed as an evolution graph similar to a discrete-time Markov chain.With this analytical concept the meaning of airports is analyzed from a network perspective and a new airport taxonomy is established.The presented methodology allows tracking the development of airports from certain categories into others over time.Results show that airports of equal classes run through similar stages of development with a limited number of alternatives,indicating clear evolutionary patterns.Apart from giving an overview of the results the paper illustrates the exact data-driven approach and suggests an evaluation scheme.The methodology can help the public and industry sector to make informed strategy decisions when it comes to air transportation infrastructure.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12172301,11902266,12072283,and 11902264)the 111 Project of China(Grant No.B17037).
文摘The predictions of the multiple-regime flows from continuum regime to free molecular regime are crucial for the aerodynamic design in a large number of engineering applications,such as the near-space craft,the ultra-low orbit spacecraft and the micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS).Since the essence of this multiple-regime problem is a complex system composed by different scales and mechanics,the modeling and numerical prediction of these multiple-regime flows are very challenging at both theoretical and practical levels.Moreover,the single flow field with multiple flow regimes will make the problem extremly complicated.Unfortunately,this typical flow field is very common in hypersonic application and important for the development of multiple-regime aerodynamics.On the other hand,both the constructions of the low density wind tunnel with high enthalpy and the high altitude flight experiment are also very challenging at the present stage.Therefore,the researches on the multiple-regime flows and the corresponding complex science hit a worldwide bottleneck.This paper reviews the breakthroughs in the computational methods for multiple-regime flows in the last ten years,which can be used as numerical experimental tools for studying the multiple-scale flow mechanism and providing data for aerodynamic designs and thermal protections.This paper focuses on the progress of the unified wave-particle methods established in recent years,which are proved to be both accurate and efficient for multiple-regime flows with extremly high speed.
基金the support of the National Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China (Grant No.71202101)Scientific Planning Research Grant (No.2009-K4-17,No.2011-K6-24)Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of P.R.C.
文摘With the increase of the urban population and the rapid development of urbanization in China,a large number of old buildings will be demolished and produce a huge amount of waste.Currently the recycling ratio of old building materials is very low,which results in the problems of resource waste and environment pollution.This greatly challenges urban sustainable development.With respect to the continual growth of demolition waste quantities,it is urgent to research how to implement effective management of demolition wastes by focusing on the demolition agents' behavior.Based on the theory of complexity,this paper analyzes the demolition waste management from the perspective of complex adaptive system.Taking into account the "green" demolition(building dismantling) and conventional demolition(building demolished) methods,the agent-based modeling method with Repast Simphony platform is applied to simulate interactions between demolition agents.The longitudinal trend of demolition waste quantities is forecasted.
