The Dual Effects of Global Value Chain Embeddedness on Chinese Exports’ Technological Sophistication

This paper develops a framework for the assessment of global value chain embeddedness based on the dual structure of product embeddedness and functional embeddedness and provides a theoretical demonstration of the dual effects of the level, structure and the value sources of global value chain embeddedness on export technology sophistication. From there, the paper carries out an estimation of non-competitive input- output table using quadratic optimized algorithm with differentiation between processing trade and general trade to arrive at various indicators of foreign value-added ratio that reflect the level of global value chain embeddedness. On this basis, the panel econometric model for 27 manufacturing sectors of China between 2001 and 2010 is employed to test the effect of foreign value-added ratio on the technology sophistication of manufacturing export. Our research indicates that by taking part in division of labor in the global value chain and acquiring foreign intermediate inputs, China＇s manufacturing sector has increased its export technology sophistication. It also indicates that, compared with such inputs as raw materials and parts and components, service input has great contributions to technology improvement. With the direct contributions of foreign value-added under control, the foreign value-added from developed countries has a restrictive effect on the R＆D activities of export manufacturing, which gives rise to the one-way technology reliance on dominant enterprises of the value chain and the ＂low-end lock-up＂ effect; meanwhile, the method of embeddedness that takes advantage of the foreign value-added of other countries is more dependent on the indigenous R＆D capacity of export enterprises and thus more favorable to the improvement of export technology sophistication.

“China Shock”or China Dividend?-China GVC Participation’s Effects on Trading Partners’Technological Progress

This paper explores the effects of China’s global value chain(GVC)participation on technological progress in trading-partner countries based on estimated data on value-added trade between China and 52 trading partners.We find that,first,although China’s exports lowered the total factor productivity(TFP)of its trading partners(competitive effect),its imports greatly increased trading partners’TFP(effect of scale).This implies that China’s GVC participation is beneficial to its trading partners’technological progress in the form of a considerable technology dividend effect.Second,China’s export dividend effect compensates for the negative effect of Chinese competition on trading partners’technological progress;the innovation effects attributable to China’s imports reinforce the positive effects of scale on technological progress.When innovation is factored in,the China dividend thus becomes further reinforced.Third,China’s merchandise imports have a diminishing positive effect on technological progress in trading partners as geographical distance increases,but trade in services transcends geographical boundaries,and the positive technological progress effect of China’s service imports do not diminish as distance increases.We find that the“China dividend”from China’s GVC participation is a significant contributor to technological progress in partner nations,and China’s imports are conducive to innovation and technological progress in developed countries in the long run.

The Use of the ICTs in the Value Chain Proce,;ses and Their Impact on Organizational Performance

Companies are currently immersed in a process of competitiveness, which is increasingly more complicated to achieve differentiation that can guarantee you the preference of customers and consequently the success of the organization. It becomes partly crucial for the organization to be in the dynamics of the sector and market where it operates and wants its consolidation, because value systems become strategic elemente that play a role as key factors of success in organizations seeking priority intend to increase their organizational performance. Given the above, this research seeks to get to identify strategic uses of information and communication technologies in the processes of the value chain in small commercial businesses in Mexicali, aiming to contribute to the improvement of the competitiveness of the same. It is in this sense that the technologies of information and communication have become a powerful tool that will allow them to be innovative, cost-effective and this will have an impact on the performance of the organization that will allow you to improve your service, interact with customers and suppliers, and above all more efficiently meet their own needs and organizational expectations. This research was exploratory and within the relevant findings, coming to the conclusion that it is necessary to focus more emphatically on the client; organizations have deficiencies in relation to the strategic use of ICTs to streamline their billing, manufacturing, distribution, and storage of your products, activities highlighting this if they don＇t have a reconsideration in this aspect, at the risk of offset in terms of its competitors which would mean ceasing to be option on the market, stressing that this not only will be a trigger factor in mature companies, but those who need to improve their service and that they will serve as input for the conduction of processes along the value chain. The research is exploratory in nature, as evidenced in the use of the ICTs focused on the man~,gement of the value chain and its relationship with different variables of such management, making that they are discovered behaviors on the structure of the value chain able to generate sustainable benefits and contribute to the improvement of the competitive position of the companies involved in this study.

RFID’s Impacts on Business Value:A Case Study of Supply Chain in the Discrete Manufacturing Industry

Radio frequency identification （RFID） shall be a revolutionary technological innovation in recent years. Various solutions employing RFID technology have proved their functionality already in such industries as pharmaceuticals, express parcel carrying, and automotive manufacturing, and the increased efficiency and effectiveness has provided a good payback for the investments. But, up to now, fewer researches concentrate on applying REID to heavy-machinery manufacturing enterprises, which are a typical kind of enterprises in discrete manufacturing industry. The main objective of this case study is to extend our understanding of the potential for RFID to delivery of the heavy-machinery manufacturing enterprise, which involves one specific supply chain. A trial to automate the verification activities of delivery is designed and performed. Results show that the stops currently designed into the processes can be eliminated by employing RFID technology and that RFID should be a revolutionary technology as it redesigns the existing processes, eliminate some current inefficiency, improve the accuracy of delivering the products, increases information sharing between supply chain members.

Evolution of Technology Content in China's Exports and International Comparison

Under the global value chain, a country extensively employs foreign intermediate inputs in manufacturing its export products, which may not employ entirely local technology. Science-based measurement of technology content in and structure of exports should be conducted using production process data. Using world input-output tables(WIOTs) of 1995-2011, this paper developed a new method for measuring the export technology content of China and other major countries. Our research findings suggest that, since 1995, there has been some technology upgrade of Chinese exports. China's overall and sector-specific technology contents, and domestic technology contents and indexes all increased and demonstrated a weak convergence towards the average level of developed countries. Judging by the relative rankings of sector-specific technology levels, China is almost locked at the lowest level in the world, and cannot challenge the technological superiority of developed countries like the U.S. and Japan.

Toward Establishing the Productive Chain for Triterpene-Based Amazonian Oleoresins as Valuable Non-Timber Forest Products

In the Amazonian rainforest, many species of Burseraceae known locally as “breu” are explored for the medicinal and aromatic uses of their trunk exudates. This material also has a long-standing use by the forest communities in building and caulking boats as well as in the making of wooden utensils and general crafts. Breu are strongly aromatic due volatile terpenes in their composition that are separated from the crude resin by steam distillation. The remaining residue amorphous “hard resin” is primary used for application in woodworking. Despite the potential for application in paints, varnishes and odor fixatives, the commercialization of the hard resin has not surpassed the local market level. In order to achieve and establish a more valorized market for this Amazonian non-timber forest product, the existing and potential demands need to be estimated, a draft of the production chain needs to be drawn up and care needs to be taken to provide products of the highest possible quality. This study aimed to identify and organize the main issues necessary for the attainment of these goals and its value chain, and identify the technologies that would improve the quality of the Amazonian breu as a raw material. A review of the data available in the literature and the analytical techniques that could be applied to generate standards for the extraction, purification, and analysis of the hard resin fraction was made. Quality issues based on physicochemical standards might affect the productive chain by: i) helping to consolidate the appropriate methodologies for collecting and storing the raw material;ii) adding value and qualifying the primary improvement processes and iii) supporting the certification of the raw materials for commercialization. Potentiate this material to reach high-level markets might boost the production demand and improve the rain forest communities’ income.

新质生产力三维创新生态系统及水平测度分析

新质生产力是由技术颠覆性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级而催生的当代先进生产力;一切利用新技术提升生产力水平驱动高质量发展的领域,都属于新质生产力的应用范畴。从创新生态系统角度构建新质生产力的评价指标体系,利用熵值法、Kernel密度估计法和空间Markov链法进行实证分析。研究结论如下:首先,新质生产力在微观层面表现为新质人才、新质生产单元和新质企业组织;在中观层面表现为新质产业部门、新质产业链、新质创新网络、新质产业集群;在宏观层面表现为国家科技创新政策体系。其次,基于新质生产力的三个维度,构建新质生产力的综合指标体系,通过熵值法测度发现,中国新质生产力总体水平较低,但呈逐年增长趋势,东部地区新质生产力水平远高于中部、西部和东北地区。最后,利用Kernel密度估计法和空间Markov链法分析可知,新质生产力发展不均衡问题较为凸显,空间效应也是影响新质生产力发展的重要因素。

科技金融、技术转移与制造业价值链攀升

在当前“双循环”新发展格局下,科技金融为破除我国制造业在全球价值链中的低端锁定提供了有力支撑。利用2011-2021年中国省级面板数据,从技术转移视角实证考察科技金融对制造业价值链攀升的影响。研究发现:科技金融能够促进制造业价值链攀升,且该促进作用表现出地区及来源异质性。一方面,科技金融对东部地区价值链攀升作用明显;另一方面,来自风险投资机构、资本市场、企业的科技金融投入对制造业价值链攀升有显著推动作用。在影响机制方面,技术转移在科技金融促进制造业价值链攀升的过程中发挥部分中介作用;对于不同来源的科技金融投入,技术转移的中介作用具有异质性。此外,科技金融对制造业价值链攀升的促进效应还具有非线性特征,当技术转移水平跨越门槛值时,促进效应才会凸显。

数字经济发展对生产性服务业全球价值链韧性的影响

数字经济迅猛发展,在推动全球服务贸易格局转变的同时,促进我国生产性服务业全球价值链韧性增强。选取2012—2021年ADB MRIO数据库中62个国家样本数据,从互联网发展、数字普惠金融发展与数字技术应用三重视角出发,验证数字经济发展对生产性服务业全球价值链韧性的影响。结果发现:①数字经济发展水平提升能显著增强各国生产性服务业全球价值链韧性,其中数字技术应用的作用效果更显著,在经过一系列稳健性与内生性检验后结论依然成立;②服务贸易自由化与要素一体化是数字经济发展增强生产性服务业全球价值链韧性的重要途径;③数字经济发展对生产性服务业全球价值链韧性的影响因行业生命周期和目的国(地区)不同而存在较大差异。最后,提出完善数字经济法律制度、积极推动服务贸易自由化、加快要素市场一体化改革等政策建议,可为数字经济发展赋能生产性服务业全球价值链韧性提升提供理论支撑。

产业数字化如何走“实”向“深”?——数字要素全产业链溢出的内在逻辑与测算实践

随着数字技术的持续更新迭代,数字服务逐步推进生产管理模式向平台化、系统化变革,促使产业数字化向“技术+服务”融合赋能的模式演变。本文将产业数字化解构为数字要素的产业间价值溢出过程,运用投入产出技术定量测算数字要素溢出程度及驱动因素,从而基于技术、服务双维度探究数字要素赋能产业升级的内在机制,为推动现代化产业体系建设提供理论参考。研究发现,数字技术通过替代并协同传统技术推进产业升级,而数字服务通过优化中间环节进入再生产过程,实现跨部门的协同共享与资源整合,延长并创新产业链条,提升全产业链经济效率。目前国民经济各主要部门基本转向服务主导的数字化转型阶段,产业间价值联动能力显著增强,全产业数字化增量转型的链式特征逐步显现。同时,数字技术溢出受数字创新效应驱动并通过产业自主数字创新延续,数字服务溢出受需求拉动效应影响,产业间流转缓慢,产业数字化内生动力仍待开发。

中国制造业高端嵌入全球价值链的过程中是否存在信息技术生产率悖论

数字技术已成为助推制造业转型升级的重要动力,中国制造业如何实现全球价值链的位置攀升是推动制造业转型升级、提高制造业经济利益的重要议题。数字技术分别在价值网络、生态网络、技术网络和个性网络实现制造业价值链、供应链、创新链和服务链的高端攀升,但数字技术能否突破传统意义上的生产率悖论提高全要素生产率,并最终成为推动中国制造业高端嵌入全球价值链的引擎值得进一步探究。基于UIBE GVC的数据实证分析发现,数字技术对中国制造业高端嵌入全球价值链有明显的促进作用;行业异质性分析发现,数字技术对中国制造业的技术密集型、劳动力密集型和资本密集型行业促进作用均显著,且在资本密集型行业中,数字技术赋能制造业全球价值链提升的正向效应最强。面对中国制造业数字化转型过程中的瓶颈,要从政府引领、产业创新和企业协同等方面共同促进中国制造业全球价值链地位的提升。

长江经济带知识产权保护与城市绿色技术创新效率——基于创新价值链视角的空间效应分析

基于创新价值链视角,将绿色技术创新活动分解为科技研发和成果转化两个阶段,对2011—2020年长江经济带108个城市知识产权保护的绿色创新效应进行实证分析。结果表明:(1)知识产权保护对本地绿色技术创新总效率及其子阶段效率的直接影响均显著为正;空间效应结果表明,知识产权保护对科技研发效率存在正向空间溢出效应,对成果转化效率则具有负向空间溢出效应,但对总效率的空间影响效应依然为正。(2)强化知识产权保护能够通过吸引外商直接投资、促进金融发展、提高人力资本质量三种渠道促进城市绿色技术创新效率提升。(3)异质性分析表明,长江经济带下游城市强化知识产权保护有利于推动科技研发效率和成果转化效率的提升;而中上游城市加强知识产权保护对科技研发效率的提升作用并不显著,对成果转化效率甚至具有消极影响。本文结论为长江经济带推进知识产权保护建设和绿色技术创新发展提供了有益启示。

财政赋能加快发展新质生产力:着力点、实现路径及基本原则

区别于传统生产力以要素投入为主要动力,新质生产力是以科技创新为主导,体现新发展理念、契合新发展要求的先进生产力。加快发展新质生产力对巩固高质量发展成果,推进高质量发展进程具有重要意义。聚焦新质生产力形成的关键要素及核心特征,科学发力、精准发力是财政服务国家治理的本质要求。在系统阐释新质生产力内涵和特征基础上,基于新质生产力形成的核心特征,从创新价值链角度讨论分析了财政赋能研发创新和科技应用加快发展新质生产力的内在逻辑及实现路径。同时,基于我国不同地区产业基础、资源禀赋和科研条件差异以及新质生产力发展的系统性要求,提出需因地制宜、全面系统制定财政赋能方案,为新时代加快新质生产力发展,提供了政策启示。

数字技术对制造业全球价值链分工地位升级影响研究

随着数字技术进步及其在经济各领域的快速应用,其对产业全球价值链(GVC)地位升级的推动作用日益显著。基于OECD-TiVA联合发布TiVA数据库2006—2018年的数据,以64个经济体为研究样本,实证检验数字技术对制造业GVC分工地位升级的影响。研究结果显示:数字技术显著促进制造业GVC分工地位的升级;提高劳动生产率、优化人力资本结构以及刺激消费需求,是数字技术促进制造业GVC分工地位升级的作用机制。异质性分析表明:数字技术对于低互联网发展水平以及中低收入经济体GVC分工地位升级的促进作用更为明显。据此提出,增强数字技术对我国制造业GVC分工地位升级的促进作用,应大幅提升我国数字技术创新和应用能力;增强贸易规则话语权,推动“数字贸易”发展;加快培养数字技术人才,加速推动消费结构升级。

城市电商化转型对碳排放的影响研究——基于技术创新价值链视角

基于2009—2019年全国282个地级市的面板数据,利用多期双重差分法探讨电子商务示范城市建设对碳排放影响的净效应。研究发现:电子商务示范城市建设显著地促进了城市的碳减排;通过技术创新遏制城市碳排放,且技术创新的科技创新阶段和研发转化阶段均能有效遏制碳排放水平;对城市碳减排的正向作用在非资源型城市样本中更为显著,且对于西部和中部城市更为有效。提出应因地制宜推动碳减排工作,推动绿色技术在电子商务领域的应用。

不同发展阶段裂变型科技企业动态能力、双元创新与企业价值链升级

动态能力是企业价值链升级的重要支撑,但裂变型科技企业动态能力研究框架尚不清晰,不同发展阶段应借助何种动态能力实现价值链升级这一关键问题未得到解决。基于动态能力理论,运用扎根理论研究方法,以西部超导材料科技股份有限公司为研究对象,探究不同发展阶段裂变型科技企业动态能力对企业价值链升级的作用机制。结果发现:裂变型科技企业动态能力表现为机会识别、资源整合、学习吸收、变革更新4个维度;不同发展阶段,裂变型科技企业动态能力会表现出阶段性差异,进而推动企业价值链升级;双元创新在裂变型科技企业动态能力与企业价值链升级间发挥中介作用。结论可拓展裂变型科技企业动态能力边界,为科技企业实现价值链升级提供参考。

数据要素市场化对中国企业全球价值链分工的影响

选取中国工业企业数据和海关贸易数据,实证考察数据要素市场化对企业全球价值链分工的影响以及作用机制。研究结果显示,数据要素市场化可显著促进企业深度参与全球价值链分工;机制检验结果表明,产业结构升级效应和技术创新效应是数据要素市场化驱动企业深度参与全球价值链分工的重要渠道;异质性检验表明,数据要素市场化对非东部地区企业全球价值链分工的促进作用更明显。有鉴于此,应持续深化数据要素市场化改革、加快建设现代产业体系、大力发展数智经济核心产业、实施差异化发展战略,以期提高企业嵌入全球价值链分工体系的附加价值。

国际产业转移、技术创新与制造业全球价值链地位

考察国际产业转移对全球价值链地位影响的一般规律对于发展中国家突破全球价值链“低端锁定”具有重要意义。基于OECD-TiVA(2021)数据库,运用投入产出模型测算1995—2018年中国和东盟国家产业转移规模,从理论和实证层面检验国际产业转移对制造业全球价值链地位的影响以及技术创新的调节效应。研究发现:①国际产业转移与中国和东盟国家制造业全球价值链地位呈倒“U”型关系,目前大部分制造业未跨越拐点,处于国际产业转移促进制造业全球价值链地位攀升的“适度区间”,经多种稳健性检验后倒“U”形关系依然成立;②技术创新在两者间的调节效应显著,会弱化两者间的倒“U”型关系,促使国际产业转移对制造业全球价值链地位影响的倒“U”型曲线较基准回归结果更平缓;③扩展分析发现,全球价值链前向参与度会弱化国际产业转移与制造业全球价值链地位的倒“U”型关系,而全球价值链后向参与度则会强化这种“低端锁定”效应;④最终产品国际产业转移与制造业GVC地位倒“U”型曲线较中间产品国际产业转移更陡峭。

技术密集型产业区域产业链建构路径研究

签署《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP)等自由贸易协定,不仅能够提高成员国间货物、技术、投资、人员往来频率,也可为域内国家技术密集型产业自主发展提供重要机会。然而,构建区域自主产业链存在技术创新资源、全产业链资源、大市场资源开发利用不足,政策及市场资源组织调配能力发挥不充分,各环节价值累积减少等问题。为此,针对技术密集型产业区域产业链建构的关键要素与实现路径,采取案例研究方法,对我国新能源汽车产业东亚地区产业链建构过程进行研究,从创新链、产业链、价值链、企业培育及市场拓展角度分析其形成机制。研究发现,我国新能源汽车区域产业链建构经历基础技术攻关、国内市场及产业链培育、国内外区域产业链及产业集群建立3个阶段;政策、创新链及产业链协同发展,形成政策主导到市场主导、国内创新链到区域协同创新体系、传统产业到区域产业链的全路径。研究可为具有特定产业结构和产品特性的技术密集型产业实现区域产业链建构提供理论框架和实践启示。

创新价值链视角下西北地区农业技术创新效率研究

提高农业技术创新效率对驱动西北地区农业高质量发展,乃至实现我国农业现代化战略目标意义重大。文章通过构建农业技术创新效率测算模型和Tobit回归模型,对西北地区农业技术创新效率进行评价分析,并探究其主要影响因素。研究表明:西北地区整体农业技术创新效率值较低,且区域差距明显;政府支持力度、涉农企业技术创新水平、农业生产力发展水平均正向影响农业技术创新效率;农村劳动力素质无显著影响;农村经济发展水平对农业技术创新效率具有显著抑制作用。西北地区政府应采取有效措施,提升农业技术创新效率。