The Historic Achievements of the Communist Party of China in Respecting and Protecting Human Rights in the New Era

In the new era,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has made historic achievements in respecting and protecting human rights.Building upon the principle of the“two integrations”(integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and fine traditional culture),it has nurtured new theories on respecting and protecting human rights in the new era,which can address the fundamental questions of whom and what the human rights protection efforts in the new era are for.Guided by the principle of“taking our own path,”it has charted a distinct course for the development of human rights,diverging from the Western approach.The CPC has maintained the unity between Party leadership and the respect for and protection of human rights,promoting progress in human rights through the pursuit of“high-quality development,”and ensuring various fundamental rights of the people through the rule of law.Building upon the past experience,the CPC has established the“source”of the institutional framework for respecting and protecting human rights in the new era,crafted the“body”of this institutional framework,and introduced its practical“application.”In promoting the comprehensive advancement of human rights protection,the CPC has facilitated the connotative development of human rights protection in China,empowering China in international human rights discourse,and contributing Chinese strength and wisdom to global human rights governance.

Implementation and achievements of enhanced recovery after surgery program in perioperative management of gastric cancer patients

Objective:The enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)program is less implemented in gastric cancer patients.The purpose of this survey is to investigate the implementation status of ERAS in perioperative period in gastric cancer.Methods:This clinical observational study enrolled 329 patients between January 2020 and August 2020 in a single gastric cancer center.The questionnaire consisted of 4 par ts:basic information,preoperative status,intraoperative status,and postoperative status of ERAS implementation in gastric cancer surgery.Results:In the preoperative period,patients'education and counseling(100%)were well adopted.Smoking cessation(34.6%),drinking cessation(36.9%),avoidance of preoperative mechanical bowel preparation(24.3%),respiratory function training(11.2%),and administration of carbohydrate-rich drink before surgery(0.6%)were relatively not well adopted.During the operation,maintenance of intraoperative normothermia and fluid management(100%),as well as epidural analgesia(81.5%),were well adopted.Thromboprophylaxis was performed in 133(40.4%)patients.In the postoperative period,early active mobilization was implemented about 9.5 h,and early ambulation was implemented about 39.5 h,after surgery.A total of 140(42.5%)patients received prolonged prophylactic antibiotics;268(81.5%)patients were provided diet upon gas passage;and 320(97.3%)patients received intravenous fluid administration more than 5 d after surgery.The practice rate of early removal of urinary catheter(0%)and nasogastric tube(15.5%)was relatively low.A total of 11(3.3%)patients experienced postoperative complication,and 1(0.3%)patient received unplanned reoperation.The average costs were￥59,500,and the average hospital stay was 12(5,36)d.Conclusions:Standard perioperative management of ERAS program in gastric cancer surgery in China still requires improvement.

Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics: Microsurgery Achievements for Translational Animal Model

Purpose: Despite many scientific advances, Regenerative Medicine is still in the preclinical stages in many areas. In this article, we intend to discuss the role of microsurgery in the bench-to-bedside transition of such primary findings. Method: By searching the papers related to the history of Regenerative Medicine (RM) and the news of Tissue Engineering (TE) in orthopedics in Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, we accessed a complete archive of various topics related to this field. Result: We first assessed the history and achievements of regenerative medicine, then we realized the importance of translational medical sciences and the role of animal models in this incipient phenomenon. Finally, after mastering the capabilities of microsurgery and the useful contribution of this technique to the advancement of clinical applications of regenerative medicine in various branches such as skin, skeletal system, nerves, and blood vessels, we decided to express the gist of our studies through this article. Conclusion: Considering the widespread use of small animals in regenerative medicine projects and the inevitable role of microsurgery in performing the best intervention on these animal models, the significant progress of regenerative medicine clinical application requires special attention to microsurgery in associated research.

基于Achieve工具的高中数学教科书习题与《课程标准》一致性研究——以平面向量及其应用为例

在新课程改革背景下,教科书课后习题的编制是否合理地表征《课程标准》的要求,对数学教学的有效实施及学生数学核心素养的发展至关重要.利用Achieve一致性分析工具,对人教版《普通高中教科书数学A版必修第二册》第六章“平面向量及其应用”课后习题与《课程标准》要求进行一致性分析.研究表明,第六章课后习题与《课程标准》在内容向心性、挑战的来源、部分内容的挑战层次、平衡、范围等指标上的一致性较好;但在表现向心性指标上,课后习题与《课程标准》未达到一致性标准的要求.基于此,提出以《课程标准》为导向,准确把控课后习题数量与难度、优化课后习题设计等课程教学与习题编制建议.

A Study of the Relationship between Advanced Vocational College Students' Self-esteem and Their English Achievements

Self-esteem is one of personality traits in the process of language learning.There is a close relationship between the level of self-esteem and language learning achievements.The purpose of the study is to discuss the relationship between EFL self-esteem and English achievements in the process of their English learning.The study also shows that EFL self-esteem can influence English achievements.On the other hand,English achievements can influence EFL self-esteem too.Based on the research,some methods are proposed to help strengthen students' EFL self-esteem and improve their English achievement.

English Learning Styles and English Achievements of Students Majoring in P.E.,Art and Music

Learning styles are considered as an important individual difference of affecting learning efficiency and English achievements.This research focuses on the sophomores whose majors are Physical Education (P.E.),Art and Music (P.A.M.students) in Yangtze Normal University to investigate into total learning styles,the relationships concerning major,English achievement respectively with learning styles.The results show that participants prefer group learning style rather than auditory learning style;there is no possible links between learning styles and their majors,and English achievements.

On Developing the Questionnaire for Evaluating PBL's Multiple Learning Achievements

How to comprehensively,scientifically,objectively and impartially evaluate the multiple learning achievements of the PBL model should be highlighted when PBL is introduced and applied.A questionnaire of a total of 23 items involving such dimensions of language proficiency,subject contents and 21 st Century skills was designed.Its reliability and validity were tested and well-met with the statistical requirements.

Hybrid rice achievements, development and prospect in China

This article reviews the history and progress of hybrid rice development. Hybrid rice research was initiated back in 1964, and commercialized in 1976. Three-line and two-line system hybrid rice were developed in 1974 and 1995, respectively. Research on super hybrid rice, which was first launched by Ministry of Agriculture, China in 1996, is discussed, and the great progress of super hybrid rice had been achieved with a new yield record by 15.4 t ha^-1 in the 6.84 ha demonstration location in Xupu, Hunan Province, China in 2014. And the mechanism of heterosis, the techniques of hybrid seed production and the modern field managements in hybrid rice over the past decades are also discussed. Additionally, this article dealt with the intellectual property protection（IPR） and development of hybrid rice seed industry in China. Major factors that constrain hybrid rice development are analyzed and possible solutions to this problems are proposed. Finally, the authors present methods to further increase production yield, and propose an improvement for breeding super high-yielding hybrid rice based on these methods.

Prunus genetics and applications after de novo genome sequencing:achievements and prospects

Prior to the availability of whole-genome sequences,our understanding of the structural and functional aspects of Prunus tree genomes was limited mostly to molecular genetic mapping of important traits and development of EST resources.With public release of the peach genome and others that followed,significant advances in our knowledge of Prunus genomes and the genetic underpinnings of important traits ensued.In this review,we highlight key achievements in Prunus genetics and breeding driven by the availability of these whole-genome sequences.Within the structural and evolutionary contexts,we summarize:(1)the current status of Prunus whole-genome sequences;(2)preliminary and ongoing work on the sequence structure and diversity of the genomes;(3)the analyses of Prunus genome evolution driven by natural and man-made selection;and(4)provide insight into haploblocking genomes as a means to define genome-scale patterns of evolution that can be leveraged for trait selection in pedigree-based Prunus tree breeding programs worldwide.Functionally,we summarize recent and ongoing work that leverages whole-genome sequences to identify and characterize genes controlling 22 agronomically important Prunus traits.These include phenology,fruit quality,allergens,disease resistance,tree architecture,and self-incompatibility.Translationally,we explore the application of sequence-based marker-assisted breeding technologies and other sequence-guided biotechnological approaches for Prunus crop improvement.Finally,we present the current status of publically available Prunus genomics and genetics data housed mainly in the Genome Database for Rosaceae(GDR)and its updated functionalities for future bioinformatics-based Prunus genetics and genomics inquiry.

Risks in the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements concerning Tropical Agriculture

The transformation of scientific and technological achievements concerning tropical agriculture has the characteristics of high risk and high return. Based on the characteristics of transformation of scientific and technological achievements concerning tropical agriculture,this paper analyzes the risk factors during the transformation of scientific and technological achievements concerning tropical agriculture. In accordance with the current situation of low transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements concerning tropical agriculture in China,this paper proposes the measures to avoid the risks in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements concerning tropical agriculture and enhance the transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements concerning tropical agriculture.

Family-relatedFactorsThatInfluenceChildren’sAcademicAchievementsinSchool

This essay studies various family-related factors that influence a child’s academic achievement in school in P.R. China. The factors are illustrated under three categories: the family’s social class and education, early home environment and family material condition. The author discusses the relevant factors by way of relating the knowledge of social environment to his own experiences as a student and then teacher in China. The essay closes with a discussion directing the public’s attention to the concern about home-related factors influencing a child’s academic achievements in school.

Achievements and future work of oil and gas production engineering of CNPC

This paper summarizes the latest achievements and technological progress in oil and gas production engineering of China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC) and discusses the main four challenges faced: developing low quality resource at low oil price; keeping stable production of mature oilfields when well oil production drops year by year; low systematic efficiency, high cost, prominent environmental protection issue and short of technological strategy for high water cut ratio and high oil recovery ratio oilfields; and lacking of high level horizontal well drilling and completion technology to develop unconventional and deep reservoirs. Three technological development directions to address these challenges are put forward: developing fracture controlling stimulation and well factory to produce low quality resource economically, developing re-fracturing technology for old wells in mature oilfields, promoting the fourth generation separate layer water injection technology to stabilize the production of mature oilfields; innovating new technologies of water flooding with nano-material, injecting and producing through one well.

The Achievements of Advanced Manufacturing Techniques in Aviation and Aerospace Industries

In this paper, the recent achievements in the advanced manufacturing technology are presented. The laser forming of sheet metals, rapid forming, precision casting, precision forging, inertia friction welding are developed for aviation and aerospace industries. The main topics including the advantages, principle of manufacturing, processing parameters and control, typical processing applied in practice and typical work-pieces for those advanced manufacturing technologies are summarized.

Genome-wide association studies of hypertension:Achievements,difficulties and strategies

Estimated from family studies,the heritability of hypertension ranges from 31%to 68%.Linkage studies and candidate gene association studies were once widely used to investigate the genetic mechanisms of hypertension.However,results from these studies could only explain 1%-2%heritability.With the technological advances and subsequently the accomplishment of the Human Genome Project,genome-wide association studies(GWA studies)have been applied to find genome-wide significant signals for many common diseases.Current GWA studies of hypertension have identified dozens of hypertension or blood pressure associated variants.However,different GWA study identified different variants and the results could hardly be replicated in other studies.Therefore,a debate took place on whether GWA studies will unlock the genetic basis of hypertension and whether we shall continue throwing millions of dollars on GWA studies.This review gives a short introduction to the history of genetic study on hypertension and summarizes the current findings for GWA studies of hypertension or blood pressure.Finally,we will discuss that debate and try to find alternative strategies and technologies that may hold a greater chance to make progress in understanding the genetic risk factors of hypertension and blood pressure regulation.

Design Index and Empirical Analysis of the Evaluation Index System for the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements of Universities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei

Promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of universities and colleges in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei is an important measure to enhance the level of scientific and technological development in universities, enhance the scientific and technological synergy of Beijing-Tianjiii-Hebei urban agglomeration, practice the coordinated development strategy of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and promote the construction of Xiong'an New District. Based on the scientific and technological input of colleges and universities, the development of science and technology and the output of science and technology, this paper uses Delphi and AHP to construct a Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei University Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Performance Evaluation System from the perspectives of transformation potentials, scientific research activities and achievements transformation of university scientific and technological achievements. An empirical analysis was carried out to provide reference for the government's efficient decision-making and improvement of strategies for transforming scientific and technological achievements in universities.

Chinese Scientists Have Obtained Great Achievements in Comprehensive Research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The China Geological Survey carried out 1：250000 regional geological surveys of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1999 to 2005. With a total investment of 300 million yuan, more than 1000 geologists were involved annually to conduct mapping at a grid of one line to every four km along the Kunlun Mts-Altyn Shan-Tanggula Shah, Kokoxili-Qiangtang, Gangdese, Yalun Zangbu River, and finally to the Himalayan ranges. The extensive mapping culminated in a total of 112 maps covering an area of 152 square kilometers. Based on this success, the China Geological Survey launched another program, the ＂Integration and Comprehensive Study of Basic Geological Survey Result（s） in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau＂. The program lasted from 2006 to 2010 and has yielded copious research results, making big strides in upgrading our understanding of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The achievements are manifold. Around 100 maps have been drafted, including the 1：1500000 geological map, tectonic, tectono-magmatic, metamorphic rocks, Precambrian geology, lithofacies palaeogeography, Cenozoic geology, geophysical-geochemical maps and others.

Discrepancies between targets and achievements in industrial forest production and export in Tanzania

It is important to revisit our plans and compare what was ideally targeted against what was actually achieved in implementation. In comparing the achievements with targets, strengths or weaknesses of established strategies can be accepted or corrections implemented since a plan also outlines some strategies for achieving the targets set. In this study, achievements in production and export of industrial forest products, i.e., sawn wood, plywood, chipboard and fibreboard, paper and paperboard and industrial round wood, are compared against targeted figures for 1996 for Tanzania. Discrepancies were obtained by subtracting targeted from achieved values and expressed both as absolute and relative differences in terms of the targeted values, with a negative sign for pro- duction where achievements were less than targets and a positive sign when achievements were higher than targets. Values achieved ranged from 4%-100% of the targeted values, depending on the product, and were only higher than the targeted value for industrial round wood. Possible causes of the discrepancies are inefficiency of parastatal companies, low private investment, sub-maximal in- dustrial operation and plant inefficiencies. Discrepancies could also result from unrealistic data used in planning due to difficulty in data availability and poor intra- and inter-sectoral coordination. The implications of these discrepancies are low contributions of the wood-based industry to the national economy, increased import substitution of wood-based products, increased socio-economic and environmental degradation and decreased integrity in planning and policy making.

Nutritional Status and School Achievements in a Rural Area of Anti-Atlas, Morocco

Nutritional status is the best indicator of the global well-being of children. However, malnutrition affects physical growth, cognitive development, physical work capacity, and it consequently influences human performance and health. The present study was designed to identify factors that may influence the nutritional status and educational achievements of the children in a rural area of ANTI Atlas of Morocco. The nutritional status of 162 children (12 to 15 years of age) was assessed by nutritional anthropometry and compared with tables of weight-for-age and height-for-age z-scores (WAZ and HAZ) identifying wasting and stunting, respectively. A questionnaire was developed to collect information about socio-economic and demographic status of the children’s families. Also, educational achievements were assessed by their score in mathematics. A total of 162 children (64 boys and 98 girls), aged 12 –15 years. Results revealed 22.8% of stunting and 35.2% of wasting. Child age (p = 0.027), illiteracy of the mother (p = 0.004) was determinant factors with wasting. Stunting was significantly associated with gender (p = 0.03) and parents’ employment (p = 0.009). However, using logistic regression analysis, the results showed that stunting (p = 0.04) and mother level of education (p = 0.032) were significantly correlated with school achievements.In this area of study, malnutrition remains a major problem among adolescents’ school performances, which can affect their future. The main causes of malnutrition seem to be the bad weaning practices among school children and cultural attitudes of food. The educational achievements of school children are influenced by maternal education and stunting.

Main Measures and Achievements in the Development of Organic Agriculture in Nanchong City

In order to improve the quality and efficiency of agriculture,increase farmers'income steadily and rapidly,and improve the ecological environment of agriculture,a strong city of organic agriculture should be constructed in Nanchong City.Based on ecological agriculture,Nanchong makes great efforts to build a strong city of organic agriculture,takes environmental protection supervision as an opportunity to promote sustainable agricultural development feasibly,takes regional brands as the starting point,and promotes the development of agricultural brand.The main measures and achievements of the development of organic agriculture in Nanchong City are analyzed and discussed starting with the next work plan.

Spousal concordance in academic achievements and IQ: A principal component analysis

Assortative mating, the tendency for mate selection to occur on the basis of similar traits plays an essential role in understanding the genetic variation on academic achievements and intelligence (IQ), it is also an important mechanism explaining spousal concordance. We used a subset of The Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism sample to study the mating patterns in 84 pairs of spouses from Caucasian families with their academic achievements (reading, spelling, arithmetic, vocabulary and comprehension) and IQ (verbal IQ, performance IQ and full scale IQ). Simple correlation analysis showed that 6 of these 8 traits revealed evidence of spousal correlation (P < 0.05). The first principal component (PC1) of husbands explains 73.61% for the variation in the eight variables, which has high loadings from reading, spelling, arithmetic, verbal IQ and full scale IQ while PC1 of wives explains 72.86% for the variation in the eight variables, which has high loadings from reading, spelling, verbal IQ and full scale IQ. There was highly significant positive correlation between spouses by PC1 (P < 0.0001). The new variable PC1 may be important in spousal concordance and mate selection in society and act upon achievements and intelligence levels.