Study of Great Chinese Inventions Based on the Concept of Cultural Consciousness

Based on the concept of cultural consciousness, this paper clarifies the misunderstanding of the "Four Great Inventions", then defines the concept of inventions and corresponding grading and rating systems. Numerous senior historians of science and technology were invited to review the great Chinese inventions before the book The Thirty Great Chinese Inventions was finally compiled and published. This paper also points out that the Chinese themselves must clearly understand things concerning China and China must have a say over the issue of inventions. The scientific spirit of deriving truth from facts must be rigorously upheld during the study and rating of great inventions.

人文精神的语义探源及其“反恶”的现实意义

古今中外有关人文、人文精神的思想观念无不洋溢着人性的光辉,激荡着人之为人的骄傲与尊严。我们提倡人文精神的主要意义就在于以善制恶。在不同历史阶段,人文精神“反恶”的具体对象也有所变化。当代社会,人文精神的意义体现在其与商业主义、物质主义及科技主义的抗衡中。