Study and realization of the computer support system on feasible reasoning and scientific decision-making of projects based on WEB

With the development of information technology, DSS can be used to resolve the complex process of the feasible reasoning and scientific decision-making of projects. This paper offers 7 exploiting principles for the computer support system on feasible reasoning and scientific decision-making of projects, that is, the principles of standardization, procedure, specification, agility, currency, practicability and development. On the basis of analysis on systematic procedure, the computer support system on feasible reasoning and scientific decision-making of projects is formed based on WEB, and its general structure, system function and the methods to be realized are introduced. The data composition of this system is analyzed following the principles of integrality, development, perspicuity and consistency. Also, the model-base management system is designed for the management of model storage and management of model operation.

China＇s Decision-making System from Centralization to Democracy

Established during the long years of revolutionary struggle and the founding of the People＇s Republic of China （PRC）, the Communist Party of China（CPC）-led decision-making system has a historical rationality. Before China＇s reform and opening-up was implemented in 1978, the decision-making system highlighted centralization which led to disadvantages such as non-existent specialized division of functions, a low level of institutionalization, heavy reliance on experience, an enclosed decision-making mode and non-existent self-correction mechanisms. These disadvantages were institutional factors which ultimately caused the historic tragedy of ＂ Cultural Revolution. ＂After the reform and opening-up, the decision-making structure, mode and mechanism were reformed in order to promote scientific, democratic and law-based decisions. History has shown that the reform has successfully overcome various challenges brought about by China＇s rapidly changing economy and society. From the perspective of political development, the reform has promoted several transitions： from individual controlled decision-making system to a more democratic decision-making process, from being empirical to scientifically-based, from highly centralized decision-making organizations to decentralized one, from an enclosed mode to an open mode, from passive to active participation in the decision-making process and from a non-institutionalized to an institutionalized system. Therefore, the CPC-led open decision-making model based on science and laws and participated by other parties has taken an initial shape.

A DECISION-MAKING FRAMEWORK FOR VEGETATED ROOFING SYSTEM SELECTION

Design frequently involves making tradeoffs to obtain the“optimal”solution to a design problem,often using intuition or past experience as a guide.Since vegetated roofing is a relatively complex and comparatively new technology to many practitioners,a rational,explicit method to help organize and rank the tradeoffs made during the design process is needed.This research comprises the creation of a framework diagramming the decision process involved in the selection of vegetated roofi ng systems.Through literature review,case studies and interviews with experts,the available knowledge is captured and organized to determine the critical parameters affecting design decisions.Six important evaluative categories are identifi ed and parameters within these categories are addressed in the context of a decision support system for green roof designers.A summation of the total importance of the advantages represented by each alternative is used to determine the most feasible green roof system for a particular project.The framework is demonstrated and compared with green roof designers’decision-making processes and conclusions are drawn regarding its effectiveness.

An Approach to Continuous Approximation of Pareto Front Using Geometric Support Vector Regression for Multi-objective Optimization of Fermentation Process

The approaches to discrete approximation of Pareto front using multi-objective evolutionary algorithms have the problems of heavy computation burden, long running time and missing Pareto optimal points. In order to overcome these problems, an approach to continuous approximation of Pareto front using geometric support vector regression is presented. The regression model of the small size approximate discrete Pareto front is constructed by geometric support vector regression modeling and is described as the approximate continuous Pareto front. In the process of geometric support vector regression modeling, considering the distribution characteristic of Pareto optimal points, the separable augmented training sample sets are constructed by shifting original training sample points along multiple coordinated axes. Besides, an interactive decision-making(DM)procedure, in which the continuous approximation of Pareto front and decision-making is performed interactively, is designed for improving the accuracy of the preferred Pareto optimal point. The correctness of the continuous approximation of Pareto front is demonstrated with a typical multi-objective optimization problem. In addition,combined with the interactive decision-making procedure, the continuous approximation of Pareto front is applied in the multi-objective optimization for an industrial fed-batch yeast fermentation process. The experimental results show that the generated approximate continuous Pareto front has good accuracy and completeness. Compared with the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm with large size population, a more accurate preferred Pareto optimal point can be obtained from the approximate continuous Pareto front with less computation and shorter running time. The operation strategy corresponding to the final preferred Pareto optimal point generated by the interactive DM procedure can improve the production indexes of the fermentation process effectively.

Study on the Policies,Science and Technology Support to Impel the Development of Recreational Agriculture in Hainan

The current situation of the recreational agriculture development in Hainan was analyzed. The problems of imperfect security system,unsound policies and regulations,scant government support,low enthusiasm for developing recreational agriculture,lacking science and technology support and less special competitive products in Hainan were discussed. Through the reference of foreign countries and Taiwan Region policy support and legislative experience on recreational agriculture,it was recommended to perfect the policy system,develop the leading role of the government,enhance the legislation and supervision,pay attention to science and technology support,in order to promote the healthy sustainable development of recreational agriculture in Hainan.

野外科学观测研究站支撑服务国家重大综合科学考察的思考与建议

科学考察与野外科学观测是科学研究的基本手段,野外科学观测研究站是开展野外科学观测的重要载体。近年来,国家先后启动了第二次青藏高原综合科学考察和第三次新疆综合科学考察。在科考任务执行过程中,野外台站发挥了重要的支撑保障作用,但仍存在一些问题和不足。在分析野外台站定位与功能的基础上,梳理总结支撑服务综合科学考察做法与成效,挖掘存在的不足和问题,提出相关建议,为进一步促进综合科学考察产生更多科学发现、加快野外台站发展提供参考借鉴。

突发公共卫生事件科技支撑能力的质性研究

目的:探索应对突发公共卫生事件的科技支撑能力的构成及本质,为突发公共卫生事件的预防和处置提供支持。方法:采用扎根理论,通过访谈及收集相关文献资料,使用Nvivo软件进行开放性编码、选择性编码以及理论性编码,解构了突发公共卫生事件的科技支撑能力的构成及关系。结果:凝练出718个初始节点、139个概念节点、15个初始范畴及4个核心范畴,并以此构建了突发公共卫生事件科技支撑能力的理论模型。结论:科技支撑能力包括自主创新能力、成果转化能力、组织管理能力和抵御风险能力四个组成部分。进一步将这四种能力划分为基础层、核心层和目的层三个层次,构建了科技支撑能力的金字塔模型,系统性地理解这些能力的重要性、能力的组成及相互间的关联与依赖关系。

“双一流”建设高校图书馆科研支持服务现状调查与发展对策分析

科研支持服务是“双一流”建设背景下高校图书馆开展的主流创新服务之一。运用网络调研法,对42所“双一流”建设高校图书馆的科研支持服务现状进行调查。研究发现,大多数“双一流”建设高校图书馆主页已有科研支持服务相关栏目设置,科研支持服务内容主要包括科研咨询与指导、科技查新与查收查引、知识产权服务、科研评价、科研成果存储。指出当前“双一流”建设高校图书馆科研支持服务存在重视度不够、相关栏目设置有待改善、固化在学科服务框架中、新兴服务开展较少等问题,提出可通过优化相关栏目设置、深化服务内容与完善服务体系、利用数据赋能精准科研服务、加强人才引进与培养等对策,以提升高校图书馆科研支持服务水平。

平时与战时:应对重大突发公共卫生事件的科技支撑能力

基于平时和战时全视角,探索应对重大突发公共卫生事件的科技支撑能力本质。首先,总结科技支撑应对新冠感染的典型,指出科技支撑平时和战时的双元特性;其次,进一步从平时、战时及嵌入关系层面对科技支撑能力及其发挥的作用进行解构,构建科技支撑应对突发公共危机的全过程管理模型;最后,从多方面提出提升科技支撑能力的路径和对策,以拓展科技支撑能力相关研究,为完善应急管理科技支撑体系提供理论与实践指导。

水产科研单位科技支撑农业科技现代化先行县共建的实践与思考--以中国水产科学研究院共建先行县为例

文章以中国水产科学研究院与昆山市共建先行县为例,介绍了国家级水产科研单位在农业科技现代化先行县共建工作中的经验做法、取得的主要成效,并针对共建过程中遇到的问题,从加强多方合作、改进服务形式、强化宣传引导等方面提出了进一步加强先行县共建工作的对策和建议,以期助力乡村振兴和农业现代化建设。

Decision support for integrated river basin management—Scientific research challenges

Integrated River Basin Management(IRBM)has been a long discussed way to sustainably manage water and land resources;yet,very few examples of effective IRBM are found because there is a lack of sufficient scientific support,as well as institutional accommodation,to successfully implement it.This paper overviews the major challenges with IRBM,the promising scientific approaches for the implementation of IRBM,and the areas of needed research,with considerable issues and experiences from China.It is expected that novel research will draw together disparate disciplines into an integrated scientific framework,upon which better modeling tools,stakeholder involvement,and decision-making support can be built.Cutting-edge new technologies will bring ideas of IRBM forward to theory and finally to practice.The paper will prompt scientists to undertake research to fill in the gaps in the current IRBM knowledge base and provide practitioners guidance on how to incorporate scientifically based information within the IRBM decision process.

农业科研院所科技支撑农业科技现代化先行县建设的实践与思考——以广西农业科学院共建先行县为例

在农业农村部科学技术司公布的全国农业科技现代化先行县共建名单中,包含广西农业科学院(对口技术单位)与富川瑶族自治县(共建先行县),二者共同开展农业科技现代化先行县共建工作。文章介绍了广西农业科学院以科技支撑农业科技现代化先行县建设发展的经验做法、取得的主要成效,分析了先行县共建工作中存在的问题,并针对问题提出了压实先行县共建工作责任、多渠道筹资保障先行县共建工作需要、加强共建工作宣传引导、深化院县合作等进一步优化先行县共建工作的建议,以期为对口技术单位进一步做好先行县建设工作提供参考。

科技支撑对突发公共卫生事件处置水平的影响机制——基于fsQCA方法的组态分析

科技支撑是应对突发公共卫生事件的重要引擎,如何通过科技支撑体系的构建来提升应急管理能力是当下亟待解决的问题。从“技术-组织-环境”(TOE)框架出发,基于NCA和fsQCA分析法,探究科技支撑对中国突发公共卫生事件处置水平的影响机制。研究发现,生物医疗创新、数字技术创新、监测预警能力、成果转化产业环境,均为影响突发公共卫生事件处置水平的必要条件;此外,突发公共卫生事件高处置水平组态存在4类驱动路径,分别为科技-政策驱动、数字创新驱动、制度创新驱动和预警驱动型,这些路径对于突发公共卫生事件的应对大有裨益,能够保障公众健康,增进社会稳定,推动“健康中国”的全新发展。

科技期刊青年编辑成长的组织支持体系研究

青年编辑的成长离不开组织的支持。当前科技期刊编辑部对青年编辑的支持存在缺乏精准性、落后于时代需求、难以实现青年编辑的自我价值、忽略内部和谐等问题。根据组织支持的相关理论,从分类分层指导、政策和资源支持、营造关怀和精神激励共存的和谐人际关系环境等方面提出编辑部支持体系构建策略,以助力青年编辑成长。

Constructing public health evidence knowledge graph for decision-making support from COVID-19 literature of modelling study

The needs of mitigating COVID-19 epidemic prompt policymakers to make public health-related decision under the guidelines of science.Tremendous unstructured COVID-19 publications make it challenging for policymakers to obtain relevant evidence.Knowledge graphs(KGs)can formalize unstructured knowledge into structured form and have been used in supporting decision-making recently.Here,we introduce a novel framework that can ex-tract the COVID-19 public health evidence knowledge graph(CPHE-KG)from papers relating to a modelling study.We screen out a corpus of 3096 COVID-19 modelling study papers by performing a literature assessment process.We define a novel annotation schema to construct the COVID-19 modelling study-related IE dataset(CPHIE).We also propose a novel multi-tasks document-level information extraction model SS-DYGIE++based on the dataset.Leveraging the model on the new corpus,we construct CPHE-KG containing 60,967 entities and 51,140 rela-tions.Finally,we seek to apply our KG to support evidence querying and evidence mapping visualization.Our SS-DYGIE++(SpanBERT)model has achieved a F1 score of 0.77 and 0.55 respectively in document-level entity recognition and coreference resolution tasks.It has also shown high performance in the relation identification task.With evidence querying,our KG can present the dynamic transmissions of COVID-19 pandemic in different countries and regions.The evidence mapping of our KG can show the impacts of variable non-pharmacological interventions to COVID-19 pandemic.Analysis demonstrates the quality of our KG and shows that it has the potential to support COVID-19 policy making in public health.

科技支撑西藏生态文明建设的路径探析

以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视西藏生态文明建设和生态环境保护,习近平总书记多次作出重要指示批示,为美丽西藏建设提供了根本遵循。同时,习近平总书记强调在健全美丽中国建设保障体系中,要加强科技支撑。本文从重要生态系统功能提升等方面回顾了习近平生态文明思想在西藏的实践成效,以案例和数据梳理了科技支撑西藏生态文明建设作用,提出了西藏生态系统保护和修复过程中面临如污染物富集等问题,并从加强监测评估、科技攻关、人才培养、成果转化等方面提出科技支撑路径,以期为践行习近平生态文明思想提供参考。

细分领域背景下综合性科技期刊发展路径探索

多学科综合性科技期刊一直见证和参与着中国科学技术的发展。通过调研国内多学科综合性科技期刊的学术生存空间,回顾多学科综合性科技期刊的发展历程,发现当前多学科综合性科技期刊在细分领域背景下面临着政策支持力度弱、评价体系收紧、在专业学会分级目录上缺失等一系列挑战。当前,多学科综合性科技期刊应积极应对、主动突围,积极探索突破发展瓶颈的应对策略:科学调整办刊定位,避免期刊同质化;通过专刊专栏专题,尝试向“专、精、特、新”转型;立足热点前沿,重视综述类文章;积极寻求政策扶持,从国家政策层面挖掘期刊发展着力点,改善期刊生存环境。

金融助力江西省电子信息产业高质量发展对策研究

电子信息产业是发展新质生产力和推动国民经济的基础性、战略性产业,也是当今世界创新最活跃的产业领域之一。江西省高度重视电子信息产业发展,经多年的培育,其已布局较为合理、门类较为齐全的支柱型产业。但是,当前江西省电子信息产业仍存在产业链不完善、创新动力不足、核心竞争力不强等问题,迫切需要发挥金融的持续支持作用。为此,本文围绕金融服务江西电子信息产业体系建设进行思考,谋划产业链、资金链、创新链的融合,探索从电子信息产业链完善、成果转化、创新体系完善、加大金融支撑力度等方面着手,为江西电子信息产业高质量发展赋能。

耕地质量保护与提升策略——以吉安市为例

中国作为全球人口大国,面临着人多地少的严峻现实。这一国情推动农业生产方式从传统的耕地保护性利用和用养结合模式,向高投入、高产出的现代化农业模式转变。然而,该转变也带来耕地土壤盐碱化、酸化、有机质含量下降和微生物生态环境破坏等问题。为确保粮食安全和强化耕地保护与提升,该文深入分析吉安市耕地面临的核心问题,并提出“精、调、改、替”四大耕地保护与提升策略。同时,针对如何完善耕地建设、管理与保护保障体系,筑牢粮食生产的安全基石,该文还给出具体的对策与建议。希望这些分析和建议能为我国耕地保护和质量提升提供有价值的参考。