General laws of funding for scientific citations:how citations change in funded and unfunded research between basic and applied sciences

Purpose:The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between funded and unfunded papers and their citations in both basic and applied sciences.Design/methodology/approach:A power law model analyzes the relationship between research funding and citations of papers using 831,337 documents recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:The original results reveal general characteristics of the diffusion of science in research fields:a)Funded articles receive higher citations compared to unfunded papers in journals;b)Funded articles exhibit a super-linear growth in citations,surpassing the increase seen in unfunded articles.This finding reveals a higher diffusion of scientific knowledge in funded articles.Moreover,c)funded articles in both basic and applied sciences demonstrate a similar expected change in citations,equivalent to about 1.23%,when the number of funded papers increases by 1%in journals.This result suggests,for the first time,that funding effect of scientific research is an invariant driver,irrespective of the nature of the basic or applied sciences.Originality/value:This evidence suggests empirical laws of funding for scientific citations that explain the importance of robust funding mechanisms for achieving impactful research outcomes in science and society.These findings here also highlight that funding for scientific research is a critical driving force in supporting citations and the dissemination of scientific knowledge in recorded documents in both basic and applied sciences.Practical implications:This comprehensive result provides a holistic view of the relationship between funding and citation performance in science to guide policymakers and R&D managers with science policies by directing funding to research in promoting the scientific development and higher diffusion of results for the progress of human society.

The Four Dimensional Connotation Definition of Scientific Understanding of the Ocean and Human Practical Achievements

By analyzing the sustainable development process of strengthening marine environmental protection and global reporting and assessment of marine environmental conditions since the Human Environment Conference, this paper summarizes the scientific connotation of “scientific understanding of the ocean” reflected in the United Nations Global Marine Environmental Assessment Report, proposes the etymological definition and specific coverage, representative global and regional practical experience of scientific understanding of the ocean, and further analyzes and defines the human activities and cognitive evolution process of “scientific understanding of the ocean”. It marks the leap in human cognition in four dimensions: observation and evaluation, intervention and regulation, disciplinary knowledge system, and supporting guarantee system. It condenses the connotation definitions and human practical achievements of each dimension, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to strengthen marine environmental protection and sustainable development.

Research on Urban Agricultural Scientific Development Path of the Construction of Central Economic Region

The significance of developing characteristic agriculture in Central Economic Zone was elaborated from four aspects of three modernizations coordinated development,guaranteeing city supply of agricultural products,creating more jobs for farmers,making agriculture more significant. The existing problems in urban agriculture development were analyzed,such as understanding deviation,extensive development,market confusion,short industrial chain,low degree of specialization,harsh environment. Several corresponding countermeasures were put forward,including giving full play to the role of government's macro-control; perfecting compensation mechanism of urban agriculture,developing characteristic agriculture,promoting deep processing of agricultural products; advancing scientific innovation,improving production efficiency;operating sustainable ecological agricultural development road; relying on traffic advantage,promoting industrialization operation and urban agricultural logistics development.

Scientific Development of Power Sector Led by Plan EIA in a New Environmental Protection Situation

Environmental problems like haze have brought great pressure to current environmental protection management. On the one hand, plan EIA should be promoted further in all industries; on the other hand, the current achievements and methods of plan EIA should be summarized and innovated. And the EIA supervision and project access can be improved further through the coordination between plan EIA and project EIA. In this study, from the three levels of plan EIA policy framework, five problems of plan EIA in power sector were analyzed according to the current situation of plan EIA in power sector. Based on the present achievements, five macroscopic suggestions were proposed from the view of innovation accord- ing to the new environmental protection situation and requirements at present.

Scientific Approach to Development and Human Rights

The Third Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China （CPC） in October 2003 put forward a scientific approach of people-centered, all-round, coordinated and sustainable development and made it a strategy for governing the country, putting it in command of all economic and social development. Since reform and opening up in 1978, China has persisted in the central task of economic development and put development in the first place. The evolution of the concept ＂development is the hard truth＂ to ＂development is a task of first importance in governing the country and invigorating the Chinese nation＂ and to the establishment of the scientific development approach reflects the deepening and growing command of the laws governing China＇s economic and social development.

The Formation Background and Scientific Connotation of the Concept of Shared Development

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the Party Central Committee with President Xi Jinping has put forward a new development concept of innovation,coordination,green,openness,and sharing based on profound insight into the basic characteristics of the new development stage.The party scientific grasps the essential requirements and development direction of socialism with Chinese characteristics,and continuously deepens understanding of the laws of economic and social development.Starting from three aspects of the times background,theoretical origin,and scientific connotation,the party aims to deeply understand the specific content and profound implication of the shared development concept in the new era.

Dimensions and Approaches of University Development Under the Guidance of the Scientific Outlook on Development

This study analyzed the performance of university development which deviated from the scientific outlook on development, then elaborated four dimensions of sustainable development in universities including the cultural perspective dimension of people-oriented, the qualitative perspective dimension of personnel training, the innovative perspective dimension of academic research, and the strategic perspective dimension of scientific development. Finally, this article analyzed the scientific development approaches on coordinating the university extensive expansion and content development, special development and overall development, teaching and research as well as interests of current and long-term development were proposed.

Analysis on Evaluating Comprehensive Efficiency of Enterprise Leaders＇ Performance Based on Scientific Development Outlook

In former researches there are primary theoretical studies and qualitative analyses on enterprise leaders＇ effectiveness and performance, and there are a few studies on quantitative analyses which mostly relies on the method of comparing differences and ratio of divergence to evaluate leaders＇ performance by stage statistics. This paper illustrates how to evaluate Comprehensive Efficiency （CE） based on Scientific Development Outlook, which reflects overall development of enterprise leaders＇ performance, depends on measuring Output Efficiency Index （OEI） and Cost Efficiency Index （CEI） of enterprise leaders＇ performance, and adopts the C^2R model in Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA）.

High-quality Development of Selenium-enriched Industry in Guangxi Driven by Scientific and Technological Innovation

As the largest natural selenium-enriched soil area in China,Guangxi has achieved a leapfrog development in its selenium-enriched industry through the implementation of major scientific and technological projects driven by selenium-enriched innovation.The selenium-enriched industry has also become a new force in the poverty alleviation industry in Guangxi,making remarkable achievements.While summarizing and sorting out the effective measures and effects of scientific and technological innovation driving the development of selenium-enriched industry,the present paper analyzed some shortcomings and problems in the high-quality development of the selenium-enriched industry driven by the scientific and technological innovation.Finally,in view of the problems,it came up with pertinent recommendations and countermeasures,to better promote high-quality development of the selenium-enriched industry and boost the rural revitalization.

CONSTANTLY IMPROVE AND DEVELOP INTERNATIONAL PATENT SYSTEM,PROMOTE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD

When the human society steps into a new epoch, we, in cooperation with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), hold the Sino-African Intellectual Property Forum, on which we may exchange experiences in developing intellectual property systems and discuss issues of common concern. The themes listed in the agenda not only mirror the emerging issues of the development of the international intellectual property system, but also carry significant weight to

Research on Scientific Development Strategy of Water Conservancy Economy Based on Sustainable Development

Water conservancy economy is an important component of the economy of our country, and the development of water conservancy economy plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the overall economic development of our country.At present,the water conservancy economy of our country is facing problems of the shortage of water resources and the serious water pollution,these two problems have seriously restricted the scientific and effective development of water conservancy economy.Nowadays,under the background of the socioeconomic development of advocating sustainable development,the development of water conservancy economy also should keep up with the trend of the times,adhering to the view of sustainable development is the inevitable requirement of long-term development of water conservancy economy.This paper firstly expounds the connotation and characteristics of sustainable development, and the necessity of sustainable development of water conservancy economy, then summarizes the present situation of the development of water conservancy economy, analyzes the factors existed in the development of water conservancy economy, which influence the sustainable development of water conservancy economy, finally, takes the vision of sustainable development to probe into the scientific development measures,which should be adopted by water conservancy economy, puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to help it achieve the goal of sustainable development.

To Improve the Effectiveness of Anti-secession and Anti-osmosis in Ideological Field of Xinjiang Higher Vocational Colleges under the Guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development

The source structure of students in Xinjiang higher vocational colleges is complicated; most of the students have multi-variant ideologies and weak self-control ability. Under such background, the struggle of anti-cession and anti-osmosis in the ideological field of Xinjiang higher vocational colleges will become more severe. As the domestic and foreign hostile forces conduct more and more osmosis means in the ideological field of Xinjiang higher vocational colleges and the situations become more and more complicated, the splittism of Xinjiang nations gradually escalates. They have not only made some violent and terrorist activities in the society, but also used the religion to split and permeate the students in higher vocational colleges and some teenagers. Higher vocational colleges are the main export to transmit talents to the nation and the society, so we have to pay enough attention to ideological cultivation and education of students.

Agriculture Development and Strategy in Scientific Concept of Development

This report presents the party＇ s congress in 2020 to ensure the completion of the goal to achieve a comprehensive well-off society, and build a moderately prosperous society that focuses on rural issues and bottlenecks. After the founding of New China＇ s rural issues, our country has gone through a period of free flow of urban and rural in urban and rural isolation period and the interaction period. Although the performance of the various period＇ s rural issues are not the same, but behind it there is a profound theoretical and practical logic. It is the cumulative long-term history of this issue to become ＂top priority＂ , the scientific concept of development is put forward to solve this problem, which is to expand the boundaries of knowledge, provide methodological guidance for us to solve rural issues. Therefore, to solve three agricultural issues to thoroughly implement the scientific concept of development, we must regard development as the top priority in governing and rejuvenating the party, adhere to the overall planning of urban and rural development, adhere to the overall rural economic and social development,, and adhere to a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development.

Sets up scientific development views, pushes the construction of the Dalian Northeast Asia international shipping center

this article elaborated the important theoretic and practical significance which the strategic decision proposed by The Central Committee of the CCP and the State Council to constructed Dalian city the Northeast Asia important international shipping center manifested; moreover, put forward in the face of the historic opportunity, how to insist on the scientific development view in order to impel the construction of the Dalian international shipping center.

The Scientific Outlook on Development：New and Modern form of Historical Resultant Theory

The Historical Resultant Theory and The Scientific Outlook on Development are consistent in essence,with the former serving as the philosophical foundation of the latter,and the latter being the new and modern form of the former.Thorough analysis and deep understanding of the dialectical relationship of the two theories contributes a lot to promoting China's localization of Marxism and to building a harmonious socialist society,both theoretically and practically.

Research on the Coupling Mechanism of Creative Spirit Cultivation and Scientific and Technological Innovation Development

Migration and innovation is the driving force of scientific and technological development.By analyzing the coupling relationship between the two,this paper finds out the common elements shared by the two factors,and constructs the coupling guarantee mechanism between them,so as to provide suggestions for the coordination,win-win and synchronous benign development of the spirit of makers and the development of scientific and technological innovation,and promote the sustainable development of the national innovation system.