本文全面解读了中医药团体标准评价体系(System of Consortium Standards Rating and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine,SCORE-TCM)。SCORE-TCM是结合定性与定量评价,全面评估中医药团体标准在制定主体、文本编写、技术内容...本文全面解读了中医药团体标准评价体系(System of Consortium Standards Rating and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine,SCORE-TCM)。SCORE-TCM是结合定性与定量评价,全面评估中医药团体标准在制定主体、文本编写、技术内容、推广应用和实施效益等几方面特征的综合评价工具。文中详述了SCORE-TCM的构建目的、定义和构建过程,解释了评价指标体系中的各项指标,并对每项指标的评价材料进行介绍。本文旨在帮助中医药团体标准的制定者、第三方评价机构和其他相关方更好地理解SCORE-TCM各评价条目的含义,更有效地运用于中医药团体标准的自评价或第三方评价,SCORE-TCM将为《中医药团体标准管理办法》的贯彻实施,以及中医药团体标准的高质量发展提供技术支持。展开更多
目前,各社会团体积极参与中医药标准的制定和发布,特别是“十四五”以来,中医药团体标准化工作更是迎来了提质增效的关键阶段。深入评估社会团体发布的中医药标准质量,是推进中医药团体标准工作的关键环节和重点任务。前期已研制并形成...目前,各社会团体积极参与中医药标准的制定和发布,特别是“十四五”以来,中医药团体标准化工作更是迎来了提质增效的关键阶段。深入评估社会团体发布的中医药标准质量,是推进中医药团体标准工作的关键环节和重点任务。前期已研制并形成了中医药团体标准评价体系(System of Consortium Standards Rating and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, SCORETCM)。在上述背景下,本研究通过专家共识法,设计了一套基于SCORE-TCM的中医药团体标准抽样评价方案,应用场景为对于特定社会团体发布的标准,或各团体发布的特定技术类别的标准进行快速评估。该方案涵盖了标准抽样、材料收集、标准评价、结果解读的完整流程,为中医药团体标准的抽样评价工作提供了参考方案。展开更多
目的 评价中医药行业具备代表性的社会团体发布量较大的学科类别标准,并发现标准存在的问题。方法 在“中医药标准与指南信息服务平台”上,通过文献调研法和目的性抽样法选取中华中医药学会发布的中药类标准。使用中医药团体标准评价体...目的 评价中医药行业具备代表性的社会团体发布量较大的学科类别标准,并发现标准存在的问题。方法 在“中医药标准与指南信息服务平台”上,通过文献调研法和目的性抽样法选取中华中医药学会发布的中药类标准。使用中医药团体标准评价体系(System of Consortium Standards Rating and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, SCORE-TCM)工具对这些标准的制定主体、文本编写、技术内容、推广应用和实施效益五个维度进行评价。结果 中华中医药学会发布的团体标准数量最多,占76.20%(1 710/2 244)。其中,中药标准占比最高,达52.98%(906/1 710)。本次评价的90项标准中,评分中位数为7.53,最大值8.94,最小值5.93,极差3.01(满分10分)。不同标准类别的评分有所差异,例如中药临床应用标准和中药材商品规格等级标准评分较高,中位数分别为8.16和8.07,而中药材GAP(Good Agricultural Practice)技术标准评分较低,中位数为6.28。此外,标准推广应用和实施效益评分呈逐年降低趋势。结论 中华中医药学会发布的中药团体标准对中药产业全链条起到一定的支撑作用,但质量不均一,且在标准的推广应用和实施效益方面仍有较大提升空间。SCORE-TCM工具可用于中药团体标准评估,为今后开展更广泛的中药团体标准评价提供了有效工具。未来可进一步探索在SCORE-TCM工具的评分细则中纳入“标准年龄”因素,助力解决标准制定后便“束之高阁”而不使用的问题。展开更多
为研究陆地表面温度及其衍生指标反演我国大陆土壤水分的适用性,基于 Z -score标准化和相关性分析方法,确定了最优陆地表面温度指标,再基于列联表评估最优指标监测2000—2019年4至10月干旱的适用性。结果表明:对各种土地覆盖类型,陆地...为研究陆地表面温度及其衍生指标反演我国大陆土壤水分的适用性,基于 Z -score标准化和相关性分析方法,确定了最优陆地表面温度指标,再基于列联表评估最优指标监测2000—2019年4至10月干旱的适用性。结果表明:对各种土地覆盖类型,陆地表面温度和土壤水分的相关性最强;在耕地和草地覆盖的半干旱半湿润区,相关性值可达0.7以上,陆地表面温度可以很好地反演中等水分胁迫区域植被根区的土壤水分。陆地表面温度可以监测至少1/4的非随机可预测极端干旱事件,探测率和虚警率分别为0.37和0.12。因此,陆地表面温度可被用于反演大尺度土壤水分并监测干旱。展开更多
Assessing soil quality is essential for crop management and soil temporal changes. The present study aims to evaluate soil quality in the Ferralitic soils context countrywide. This assessment was done using multivaria...Assessing soil quality is essential for crop management and soil temporal changes. The present study aims to evaluate soil quality in the Ferralitic soils context countrywide. This assessment was done using multivariate soil quality indice (SQI) models, such as additive quality index (AQI), weighted quality indexes (WQI<sub>add</sub> and WQI<sub>com</sub>) and Nemoro quality index (NQI), applied to two approaches of indicator selection: total data set (TDS) and minimum data set (MDS). Physical and chemical soil indicators were extracted from the ORSTOM’s reports resulting from a sampling campaign in different provinces of Gabon. The TDS approach shows soil quality status according to eleven soil indicators extracted from the analysis of 1,059 samples from arable soil layer (0 - 30 cm depth). The results indicated that 87% of all provinces presented a very low soil quality (Q5) whatever the model. Among soil indicators, exchangeable K<sup>+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup>, bulk density and C/N ratio were retained in MDS, using principal component analysis (PCA). In the MDS approach, 50 to 63% of provinces had low soil quality grades with AQI, WQI<sub>add</sub> and NQI, whereas the total was observed with WQI<sub>com</sub>. Only 25% of provinces had medium soil quality grades with AQI and NQI models, while 12.5% (NQI) and 25% (AQI) presented high quality grades. Robust statistical analyses confirmed the accuracy and validation (0.80 r P ≤ 0.016) of AQI, WQI<sub>add</sub> and NQI into the TDS and MDS approaches. The same sensitivity index value (1.53) was obtained with AQI and WQI<sub>add</sub>. However, WQI<sub>add</sub> was chosen as the best SQI model, according to its high linear regression value (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.82) between TDS and MDS. This study has important implications in decision-making on monitoring, evaluation and sustainable management of Gabonese soils in a pedoclimatic context unfavorable to plant growth.展开更多
文摘本文全面解读了中医药团体标准评价体系(System of Consortium Standards Rating and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine,SCORE-TCM)。SCORE-TCM是结合定性与定量评价,全面评估中医药团体标准在制定主体、文本编写、技术内容、推广应用和实施效益等几方面特征的综合评价工具。文中详述了SCORE-TCM的构建目的、定义和构建过程,解释了评价指标体系中的各项指标,并对每项指标的评价材料进行介绍。本文旨在帮助中医药团体标准的制定者、第三方评价机构和其他相关方更好地理解SCORE-TCM各评价条目的含义,更有效地运用于中医药团体标准的自评价或第三方评价,SCORE-TCM将为《中医药团体标准管理办法》的贯彻实施,以及中医药团体标准的高质量发展提供技术支持。
文摘目前,各社会团体积极参与中医药标准的制定和发布,特别是“十四五”以来,中医药团体标准化工作更是迎来了提质增效的关键阶段。深入评估社会团体发布的中医药标准质量,是推进中医药团体标准工作的关键环节和重点任务。前期已研制并形成了中医药团体标准评价体系(System of Consortium Standards Rating and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, SCORETCM)。在上述背景下,本研究通过专家共识法,设计了一套基于SCORE-TCM的中医药团体标准抽样评价方案,应用场景为对于特定社会团体发布的标准,或各团体发布的特定技术类别的标准进行快速评估。该方案涵盖了标准抽样、材料收集、标准评价、结果解读的完整流程,为中医药团体标准的抽样评价工作提供了参考方案。
文摘目的 评价中医药行业具备代表性的社会团体发布量较大的学科类别标准,并发现标准存在的问题。方法 在“中医药标准与指南信息服务平台”上,通过文献调研法和目的性抽样法选取中华中医药学会发布的中药类标准。使用中医药团体标准评价体系(System of Consortium Standards Rating and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, SCORE-TCM)工具对这些标准的制定主体、文本编写、技术内容、推广应用和实施效益五个维度进行评价。结果 中华中医药学会发布的团体标准数量最多,占76.20%(1 710/2 244)。其中,中药标准占比最高,达52.98%(906/1 710)。本次评价的90项标准中,评分中位数为7.53,最大值8.94,最小值5.93,极差3.01(满分10分)。不同标准类别的评分有所差异,例如中药临床应用标准和中药材商品规格等级标准评分较高,中位数分别为8.16和8.07,而中药材GAP(Good Agricultural Practice)技术标准评分较低,中位数为6.28。此外,标准推广应用和实施效益评分呈逐年降低趋势。结论 中华中医药学会发布的中药团体标准对中药产业全链条起到一定的支撑作用,但质量不均一,且在标准的推广应用和实施效益方面仍有较大提升空间。SCORE-TCM工具可用于中药团体标准评估,为今后开展更广泛的中药团体标准评价提供了有效工具。未来可进一步探索在SCORE-TCM工具的评分细则中纳入“标准年龄”因素,助力解决标准制定后便“束之高阁”而不使用的问题。
文摘为研究陆地表面温度及其衍生指标反演我国大陆土壤水分的适用性,基于 Z -score标准化和相关性分析方法,确定了最优陆地表面温度指标,再基于列联表评估最优指标监测2000—2019年4至10月干旱的适用性。结果表明:对各种土地覆盖类型,陆地表面温度和土壤水分的相关性最强;在耕地和草地覆盖的半干旱半湿润区,相关性值可达0.7以上,陆地表面温度可以很好地反演中等水分胁迫区域植被根区的土壤水分。陆地表面温度可以监测至少1/4的非随机可预测极端干旱事件,探测率和虚警率分别为0.37和0.12。因此,陆地表面温度可被用于反演大尺度土壤水分并监测干旱。
文摘Assessing soil quality is essential for crop management and soil temporal changes. The present study aims to evaluate soil quality in the Ferralitic soils context countrywide. This assessment was done using multivariate soil quality indice (SQI) models, such as additive quality index (AQI), weighted quality indexes (WQI<sub>add</sub> and WQI<sub>com</sub>) and Nemoro quality index (NQI), applied to two approaches of indicator selection: total data set (TDS) and minimum data set (MDS). Physical and chemical soil indicators were extracted from the ORSTOM’s reports resulting from a sampling campaign in different provinces of Gabon. The TDS approach shows soil quality status according to eleven soil indicators extracted from the analysis of 1,059 samples from arable soil layer (0 - 30 cm depth). The results indicated that 87% of all provinces presented a very low soil quality (Q5) whatever the model. Among soil indicators, exchangeable K<sup>+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup>, bulk density and C/N ratio were retained in MDS, using principal component analysis (PCA). In the MDS approach, 50 to 63% of provinces had low soil quality grades with AQI, WQI<sub>add</sub> and NQI, whereas the total was observed with WQI<sub>com</sub>. Only 25% of provinces had medium soil quality grades with AQI and NQI models, while 12.5% (NQI) and 25% (AQI) presented high quality grades. Robust statistical analyses confirmed the accuracy and validation (0.80 r P ≤ 0.016) of AQI, WQI<sub>add</sub> and NQI into the TDS and MDS approaches. The same sensitivity index value (1.53) was obtained with AQI and WQI<sub>add</sub>. However, WQI<sub>add</sub> was chosen as the best SQI model, according to its high linear regression value (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.82) between TDS and MDS. This study has important implications in decision-making on monitoring, evaluation and sustainable management of Gabonese soils in a pedoclimatic context unfavorable to plant growth.
