Clinical effect of scraping therapy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis

Objective:The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of scraping therapy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.Materials and Methods:A total of eighty patients with knee osteoarthritis were assigned to the moxibustion group and the scraping therapy group according to the random numerical table method,with forty cases in each group.Patients in both two groups received functional exercise and moxibustion therapy,and those in the scraping therapy group were supplemented with scraping therapy.The serum indexes of interleukin‑1(IL‑1),IL‑6,tumor necrosis factor‑alpha(TNF‑α),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were detected before and after the treatment.The clinical syndrome integral and Visual Analog Scale(VAS)on pain of patients were assessed.The clinical therapeutic efficacy was evaluated and compared between the two groups.Results:Patients in the scraping therapy group received better outcomes of serum IL‑1,IL‑6,TNF‑α,and SOD compared with those in the moxibustion group at 2 months after treatment(P<0.05).The scores of clinical syndrome integral and VAS on pain were decreased in two groups at 2 months after the treatment and were lower in the scraping therapy group than those in the moxibustion group(P<0.05).The overall effective rate in the scraping therapy group was higher than that in the control group(87.50%vs.67.50%,P<0.05).Conclusion:The scraping therapy is potentially effective to ameliorate the clinical symptom and pain degree of patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Advantages and Suggestions of Scraping to Promote Rehabilitation of COVID-19 Patients in Convalescence

Objective:To demonstrate the advantages of scraping in helping COVID-19 patients in convalescence,popularize scraping therapy among them and provide basis for the establishment of operation specification.Methods:Discuss the relationship between scraping and epidemic disease by reviewing the relevant scraping theory analysis,summarize the existing clinical studies and propose reference scheme for the treatment of COVID-19 patients in convalescence with respect to the related symptoms proving effective treatment of scraping on patients in convalescence.Results:Ancient healers used scraping to treat pestilence,and there have been many clinical trials and experiments for the treatment of convalescent symptoms related to scraping.Scraping also has the effect of improving immune function and antioxidation,which is feasible for the treatment of convalescent symptoms related to scraping.Conclusion:Scraping can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 convalescent patients,and it can be used as one of the external treatments for convalescent patients.It is recommended to promote scraping among the patients so that they can have self-intervention treatment.

Characteristics of Algal Succession Following Rock Scraping at Imwon Area in the East Coast of Korea

Abstract This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics high-pressure water sprayer in the period from June 2010 to April 2011 of algal succession following rock scraping using hoe or We divided the research area off the eastern coast of Korean near Imwon into 3 categories depending upon the severity of the barren ground, i.e., the urchin barren-affected, urchin bar- ren-ongoing and urchin barren-free areas. In April 2011, in the urchin barren-affected area with 25 seaweed species, the cover per- centage and importance value （IV） of erustose coralline algae were higher than those of other species. In the urchin barren-ongoing area with 33 seaweed species, crustose coralline algae （mean IV=62%） as well as Sargassum sp. （mean IV=28%）, and Gelidium amansii （mean IV= 19%） were observed following rock scraping. In the urchin barren-free area where seaweed communities were relatively abundant with 42 species, a variety of algal species including G. amansii （mean IV = 32%） underwent algal succession. Overall, it was observed that, as an aspect of algal succession, the weaker the barren ground severity was, the more frequent and di- verse the seaweeds were, and the more complex the succession pattern was in the study. As an aspect of recovering algal community, rock scraping using hoe was shown to be superior to the method using high-pressure water spraying. Therefore, we conclude that rock scraping using hoe is a very effective strategy for recovering the algal community in urchin barren-ongoing area.

Major physical but also psychological effects after pain relief from surgical scraping in patients with Achilles tendinopathy—A 1-year follow-up study

Treatment with Ultrasound (US) and Color Doppler (CD)-guided surgical scraping has shown good short-term clinical results in patients with chronic painful midportion Achilles tendinopathy. The objective was to prospectively follow the patients 1-year after surgery. Material: Sixty- four tendons in 47 patients (28 men and 19 women, mean age 52 (+/-12 years) on different activity levels) were in local anaestesia operated with US+CD-guided surgical scraping. In 43/64 tendons, there was also removal of the plantaris tendon. Methods: Questionnaires evaluating activity level, VAS for pain during activity, satisfaction with treatment result, and the SF-36 score (quality of life), were used before and 1-year after surgery. Results: At follow-up, the mean VAS for pain during activity had decreased from 62 (+/-20) before surgery to 15 (+/-15) after surgery (p < 0.001). All patients were satisfied with the result and had returned to full tendon loading activity. There were no complications. Both the physical and psychological parameters in the SF-36 score had improved significantly. Conclusions: For patients with chronic painful midportion Achilles tendinopathy, US+CD-guided surgical scraping, often combined with plantaris tendon removal, seems to be an efficient treatment method to recover physically and psychologically.

Efficacy of scraping therapy on blood pressure and sleep quality in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Scraping therapy is widely used in treating stage I and II essential hypertension in China.However,there has been no systematic evaluation of the efficacy of scraping therapy on blood pressure and sleep quality in stage I and II essential hypertension.Search strategy Seven electronic databases(PubMed,Scopus,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,EBSCO,China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Data electronic databases)were searched from inception to December 2022.Based on the principle of combining subject words with text words,the search strategy was constructed around search terms for“scraping therapy,”“scraping,”“Guasha,”“Gua sha,”“hypertension,”and“high blood pressure”during the database searches.Inclusion criteria Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)were included if they recruited patients with stage I and II essential hypertension and included a scraping therapy intervention.The intervention group received antihypertensive drugs and scraping therapy,while the control group only took antihypertensive drugs.Data extraction and analysis Review Manager 5.4.0 and STATA 15.1 were used to enter all the relevant outcome variables to conduct the meta-analysis.The quality of the selected RCTs was assessed using the PEDro scale.The sensitivity analysis was carried out by iteratively excluding individual studies and repeating the analysis to determine the stability of the findings and identify any studies with greater influence on the outcome.Subgroup analysis was performed to find the source of heterogeneity.Funnel plots were used to evaluate the publication bias of included studies.Results Nine RCTs including 765 participants were selected.Meta-analysis showed that scraping therapy combined with medication had an advantage over the use of medication alone in lowering systolic blood pressure(mean difference[MD]=?5.09,95%confidence interval[CI]=?6.50 to?3.67,P<0.001)and diastolic blood pressure(MD=?2.66,95%CI=?3.17 to?2.14,P<0.001).Subgroup analysis showed that scraping therapy improved sleep quality in middle-aged patients with hypertension,but the efficacy was better in elderly patients(MD=?7.91,95%CI=?8.65 to?7.16,P<0.001)than in middle-aged patients(MD=?2.67,95%CI=?4.12 to?1.21,P=0.0003).Conclusion The available evidence indicates that scraping therapy has significant effects on patients with stage I and II hypertension,and it improves sleep quality for elderly patients with hypertension better than for middle-aged ones.Scraping therapy can be an adjunctive treatment for stage I and II essential hypertension.However,further high-quality studies are needed to verify its effectiveness and the best therapeutic strategies.

Scraping therapy for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate the efficacy of scraping therapy on knee osteoarthritis(KOA).METHODS:A computerized search was conducted in several databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,China Science and Technology Journal Database,Wanfang,and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database,from the establishment date of these databases to April 9,2023.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on scraping therapy for KOA were collected in accordance with the“Participants-Intervention-Control-Outcome-Study design”criteria.The methodological evaluation of the included studies was carried out using RoB 2.0,and Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan.The Grades of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE System)was applied to grade the quality of evidence.RESULTS:A total of 12 RCTs with 997 subjects were included in the Meta-analysis.Results indicated that compared with the control group,the scraping therapy treatment group exhibited increased Lysholm scores[mean difference(MD)=4.96,95%confidence intervals(CI)(3.18,6.74),P<0.00001]and Hospital for Special Surgery scores[MD=8.35,95%CI(3.92,12.78),P=0.0002]and decreased visual analog scale scores[MD=-2.11,95%CI(-3.79,-0.44),P=0.01]and Western Ontario and McM aster University Osteoarthritis Index scores[MD=-6.77,95%CI(-8.99,-4.56),P<0.00001)].The quality of evidence obtained in this Meta-analysis was low according to the GRADE system.CONCLUSION:The available evidence suggests that scraping therapy may have certain clinical efficacy in the treatment of KOA.However,further high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm the findings.

Short-term effects of cupping and scraping therapy for chronic nonspecific low-back pain:A prospective,multicenter randomized trial

Background As one of the most common musculoskeletal ailments,chronic nonspecific low-back pain(CNLBP)causes persistent disability and substantial medical expenses.Epidemiological evidence shows that the incidence rate of CNLBP in young and middle-aged people who are demanded rapidly recovery and social contribution is rising.Recent guidelines indicate a reduced role for medicines in the management of CNLBP.Objective The present study investigates the short-term effects of cupping and scraping therapy using a medicated balm,compared to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID)with a capsaicin plaster,in the treatment of CNLBP.Design,setting,participants and interventions We designed a prospective multicenter randomized clinical trial enrolling patients from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022.A total of 156 patients with CNLBP were randomized into two parallel groups.Diclofenac sodium-sustained release tablets were administered orally to participants in the control group for one week while a capsaicin plaster was applied externally.Patients in the test group were treated with cupping and scraping using a medical device and medicated balm.Main outcome measures Primary outcome was pain recorded using the visual analogue scale(VAS).Two secondary outcomes were recorded using the Japanese Orthopedic Association low-back pain scale(JOA)and the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome integral scale(TCMS)as assessment tools.Results Between baseline and postintervention,all changes in outcome metric scales were statistically significant(P<0.001).Compared to the control group,patients in the test group had a significantly greater treatment effect in all outcome variables,as indicated by lower VAS and TCMS scores and higher JOA scores,after the one-week intervention period(P<0.001).Further,according to the findings of multivariate linear regression analysis,the participants’pain(VAS score)was related to their marital status,age,smoking habits and body mass index.No adverse reactions were reported for any participants in this trial.Conclusion The effectiveness of TCM combined with the new physiotherapy tool is superior to that of NSAID combined with topical plasters,regarding to pain intensity,TCM symptoms and quality of life.The TCM plus physiotherapy also showed more stable and long-lasting therapeutic effects.

Effect of scraping therapy on Interleukin-1 in serum of rats with lumbar disc herniation

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of scraping therapy on the Interleukin-1 (IL-1) levels of rats with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). METHODS: Fifty male rats were devided into a blank group (A), a sham operation group (B), a model group (C), a scraping group (D), and a drug group (E). The rats in the group B were treated with sham operation, and groups C, D and E were made into the LDH model by operation. After operation group C were treated with no interventions, D were given scraping and E were fed with azathioprine Then the IL-1 levels of different groups were detected by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay method. And the transplanted coccygeal vertebra discs were observed by pathological section. RESULTS: The IL-1 levels in the groups C, D, and E were significantly higher than those in the groups A and B (all P<0.01), which proved the operationwas successful.The IL-1 levels in the groups D and E at different periods had statistical significance (F= 414.158, P<0.01). The treatment periods and interventions have interation (F=46.613, P<0.01). Multiple comparison results showed that the IL-1 levels in the groups D and E was significantly lower than that in the group C (P<0.01), while the IL-1 levels between the groups D and E had no statistical significance (P>0.05). Moreover, pathological section indicated that immuno-inflammatory response was hardly found in coccygeal vertebra discs in the groups A and B, while local immuno-inflammatory responses of the groups D and E were much lighter than that of the group C. CONCLUSION: Scraping therapy could inhibit the immuno-inflammatory responses in the rats with LDH caused by transplantation of autologous nu cleus pulposus.

Effect of scraping therapy on weightlifting ability

OBJECTIVE:To verify the effects of scraping therapy on the weightlifting ability by measuring the subjective sensation,and changes of biomarkers.METHODS:Five students,who have been trained for 3 years in a sport school in China were participated in this study.A course of scraping therapy was applied to intervene during the normal 7-week of weightlifting training programme.The ability of weightlifting,the scale of rating perceived exertion and serum biochemical markers were measured before and after the intervention.RESULTS:Scraping therapy caused a significant increase in weightlifting ability(P<0.05).The level of rating perceived exertion remained stable with the increase in the training volume.Immuno-globulinA was significantly increased(P<0.05),and creatine kinase and blood urea nitrogen were significantly decreased(P<0.05).No significant changes were observed in white blood cell,neutrophil,and testosterone.CONCLUSION:Scraping therapy may facilitate weightlifting ability mainly by decreasing weight sensation and improving serum biochemical parameters.

Effect of scraping therapy on Th1/Th2 balance in rats with lumbar disc herniation

Objective:To observe the effect of scraping therapy(ST)on the immune balance of serum helper T(Th)1/Th2 cells in autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation non-compressive lumbar disc herniation(LDH)model rats,and explore the immune mechanism of ST in reducing LDH pain.Methods:Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into a model group,a sham operation group and a ST group,with 24 rats in each group.Autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation non-compressive LDH models were established in the model group and ST group,while the rats in the sham operation group underwent sham operation without model establishment.On the fifth day after the model was successfully prepared,rats in the ST group received ST,once every other day,3 times as a course for a total of 3 courses.Six rats in each group were randomly selected to observe their pain thresholds,and peripheral blood of the rats was collected before the first scraping treatment and at the end of the first,second,and third courses of treatment.The serum was isolated and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was applied for the detection of rat serum interferon(IFN)-γ,interleukin(IL)-4 and IL-10.Results:Compared with the model group,the pain threshold in LDH rats in the ST group increased(P<0.05),the serum IFN-γlevel was significantly reduced(P<0.05),but the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 did not change significantly(both P>0.05).At the end of the second and third courses of treatment,the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was negatively correlated with the pain threshold in the rats,and the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was significantly reduced in the ST group(P<0.01).Conclusion:ST can help suppress the Th1 immunity in LDH rats triggered by the autologous nucleus pulposus,restore the immune balance of Th1/Th2,and reduce the pain of LDH.

Effects of Different Scraping Techniques on Body Surface Blood Perfusion Volume and Local Skin Temperature of Healthy Subjects

Objective: To study the mechanism and effects of different scraping techniques on body surface blood perfusion volume and local skin temperature of healthy subjects and to provide a baseline for microcirculation and energy metabolism for the evaluation of the therapeutic effects of scraping. Methods: Changes of the local blood perfusion volume and skin temperature of healthy subjects before and after applying different scraping techniques were observed with a laser Doppler imager combined with an infrared thermographic device and the resulting data was analyzed with imaging and processing software for statistical analysis. Results: Local blood perfusion volume and skin temperature all increased after both reinforcing and reducing scraping techniques. The value of blood flow 60 and 90 min after the reducing technique was significantly higher than that after the reinforcing technique (P<0.01), while the skin temperature increased after both techniques but was not significantly different between the two (P>0.05). Conclusion: Scraping can significantly improve the local blood perfusion volume, increase skin temperature and promote local blood circulation and metabolism of tissues.

Clinical observation of electroacupuncture combined with scraping therapy for mammary hyperplasia

Objective:To evaluate the clinical therapeutic effect on mammary hyperplasia of electroacupuncture(EA)combined with scraping therapy.Methods:A total of 54 patients with mammary hyperplasia were adopted EA combined with scraping therapy.Two groups of acupoints were selected.One group is Wuyi(屋翳ST15),Danzhong(膻中CV17)and Hegu(合谷LI4),EA was applied to these acupoints.Anothor group is Tianzong(天宗SI11),Jianjing(肩井GB21)and Ganshu(肝俞BL18),scraping therapy was applied to these points.Other acupoints were accompanied to.Ten times of treatments were as one course,at the interval of 1 week among the treatment courses.Totally,3 courses were required.Before and after treatment,the score of the symptoms of mammary hyperplasia,the grade and score of breast lumps and the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH)and estradiol(E2)were evaluated in the patients.Results:Compared with the scores before treatment,the scores of the symptoms of mammary hyperplasia and breast lumps were all reduced in the patients,indicating the statistical significant differences(all P<0.05).Compared with the levels before treatment,the levels of FSH,LH and E2 were all reduced in the patients,indicating the statistical significant differences(all P<0.05).The total effective rate was 92.59%after treatment.Conclusion:Electroacupuncture combined with scraping therapy achieves a satisfactory clinical effect on mammary hyperplasia.

Curative effect of scraping therapies on lumbar muscle strain

OBJECTIVE:To explore factors influencing the curative effect of scraping therapies (at acupoints or along channels) and to determine the relationship of scraping site and strength to curative effect. METHODS: Two hundred and ten patients with lumbar muscle strain were divided into five groups with 42 patients each.The "scraping therapy at acupoint until appearance of skin eruptions" and "scraping therapy along channel until appearance of skin eruptions" groups were treated with a 4-daycourse. The "scraping therapy at acupoint without appearance of skin eruptions", "scraping therapy along channel without appearance of skin eruptions", and acupuncture groups were treated with a 2-day course.The five groups were treated with seven courses. The visual analog scale (VAS), oswestry disability index (ODI), and lumbago scores were recorded in the five groups before treatment, after each treatment, and in follow-up visits one month and three months after treatment. RESULTS: VAS, ODI, and lumbago scores after treatment improved in the five groups (P<0.01). There was a statistical difference (P<0.01) in the change of VAS scores by appearance of skin eruptions and scraping site. CONCLUSION: Scraping therapy can effectively alleviate lumbago symptoms. The appearance of skin eruptions and scraping therapy along channels can enhance the curative effect of scraping therapy.

Scraping therapy for treating the perimenopausal syndrome

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of scraping therapy in the treatment of perimenopausal syndrome(PMS).Methods:Thirty recruited PMS subjects were treated with scraping therapy in the Outpatient Department,Acupuncture-Moxibustion Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,at the areas including Shéntíng(神庭GV24)-Běihuì(百会GV20),Qìhǎi(气海CV6)-Guānyuán(关元CV4),Zǐgōng(子宫EXCA1),Zúsānlǐ(足三里ST36)-Xiàjùxū(下巨虚ST39),Dìjī(地机SP8)-Sányīnjiāo(三阴交SP6),Tàichōng(太冲LR3)-Xíngjiān(行间LR2),Gānshū(肝俞BL18)-Dǎnshū(胆俞BL19),Píshū(脾俞BL20)-Wèishū(胃俞BL21),and Sānjiāoshū(三焦俞BL 22)-Shènshū(肾俞BL 23),with an even reinforcing-reducing method.Before and after treatment,the serum follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),and estradiol(E_(2)) were tested.And before treatment and at the 4 th week,8 th week,and 12 th week of treatment,the Kupperman index(KI) and menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire(MENQOL) symptom scores were recorded for evaluating the clinical efficacy.Results:Comparing with before treatment,the modified Kupperman symptom scores were all decreased after treatment,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);all symptoms were relieved significantly after treatment,the difference was statistically significant(all P<0.05).There was no significant difference in serum E_(2),FSH,and LH levels after treatment(all P>0.05);the total effective rate was 85.71%after the 4 weeks’ treatment,96.42% after the 8 weeks’ treatment,and 96.42% after the 12 weeks’ treatment.Conclusion:Scraping therapy can relieve the PMS symptoms to some extent.It can improve the life quality of PMS subjects.Its influence on the estrogen levels of PMS subjects was not obvious.

Knee joint pain treated with scraping combined with collateral bloodletting therapy

Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of knee joint pain treated with scraping combined with collateral bloodletting therapy in comparison with the routine acupuncture techniques.Methods： From March 2017 through to September 2017, 60 outpatients of knee joint pain were collected from the Acupuncture-Moxibustion Department. They were randomly divided into the group A（treated with scraping combined with collateral bloodletting therapy） and the group B（treated with the simple needling therapy of acupuncture）, 30 cases in each one. Once treatment was given every day and10 times consist of one course, two courses of treatment were required. At the end of treatment, the visual analogue scale（VAS） was adopted to evaluate the pain index, tenderness index and the overall effect of the patients in the two groups. Based on the Lysholm knee scale, the scores were compared in the patients of the two groups before and after treatment.Results： The total effective rate was 96.7% in the group A and was 86.7% in the group B, indicating the significant difference（P〈0.05）. VAS value was 3.03 ± 0.62 in the group A and was 3.67 ± 0.74 in the group B after treatment, indicating that difference is statistically significant（P〈0.05）. The Lysholm knee score was 89.2 ± 4.8 in the group A and was 82.4 ± 2.6 in the group B after treatment, indicating that difference is statistically significant（P〈0.05）.Conclusion： The scraping combined with collateral bloodletting therapy is significant in the efficacy on knee joint pain and feasible in the clinical guidance.

Efficient Scalable Template-Matching Technique for Ancient Brahmi Script Image

Analysis and recognition of ancient scripts is a challenging task as these scripts are inscribed on pillars,stones,or leaves.Optical recognition systems can help in preserving,sharing,and accelerate the study of the ancient scripts,but lack of standard dataset for such scripts is a major constraint.Although many scholars and researchers have captured and uploaded inscription images on various websites,manual searching,downloading and extraction of these images is tedious and error prone.Web search queries return a vast number of irrelevant results,and manually extracting images for a specific script is not scalable.This paper proposes a novelmultistage system to identify the specific set of script images from a large set of images downloaded from web sources.The proposed system combines the two most important pattern matching techniques-Scale Invariant Feature Transform(SIFT)and Template matching,in a sequential pipeline,and by using the key strengths of each technique,the system can discard irrelevant images while retaining a specific type of images.

Establishment of a Highly Efficient Regeneration System for the Mature Embryo Culture of Wheat

Establishment of a highly efficient regeneration system for the mature embryo of wheat will provide a convenient tool for wheat tissue culture and transformation, thereby facilitating the transformation of foreign genes into wheat. By using the mature embryos derived from 20 different wheat lines including Shi 4185, Yumai 66, Lunxuan 987, CB037, Yangmai 6, Xinchun 9, Bobwhite, Han 6172, Zheng 9023, Jimai 20, Ningchun 4, and Jing 411, the effects of some factors including inoculation methods, initiating culture media, organic additives, antioxidants, and auxins on the regeneration from the explants were evaluated. The results indicated that the scraping embryo culture was better than the whole embryo culture, the Aa medium was better than the SD2 medium and dicamba was better than 2,4-D in increasing the regeneration frequency. An Adi medium was established in this study by adding silver nitrate, cysteine, ascorbic acid, dicamba, glutamine into the Aa medium at the concentration of 4,40, 100, 2, and 5 mg L^-1, respectively. By using the Adi medium and the scraping technique, the regeneration frequencies of the mature embryos of CB037, Lunxuan 987, Hart 6172, Yangmai 6, Bobwhite, Zheng 9023, Shi 4 185, and Jimai 20 became 85.6, 60,1, 46.0, 42.1,42.0, 34.0, 33.0, and 32.0%, respectively, which were about 5-8 times higher than that obtained from the conventional culture mediums and techniques. This novel regeneration system could be helpful in wheat transformation.

Real-time polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of necrotizing herpes stromal keratitis

AIM： To design, optimize and validate a rapid,internally controlled real-time polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） test for herpes simplex virus（HSV） in the diagnosis of necrotizing herpes stromal keratitis.· METHODS： Tears alone or together with corneal epithelium scrapings from 30 patients（30 eyes）suspected of necrotizing herpes stromal keratitis were tested for HSV DNA by RT-PCR. The samples were collected during the first visit and then on the subsequent 7, 14, 28, 42, and 56 d. The symptoms of the patients were scored before treatment to determine the correlation between HSV concentration in the corneal epithelium scrapings and clinical scores.·RESULTS： The positive rate（46.4%） in the corneal epithelium group before the therapy was significantly higher than that（13.3%） in the tears group（P =0.006）.There were 13 positive HSV patients before the therapy,the concentration of HSV DNA in corneal epithelium scrapings group was significantly higher than that in the tears group（paired t-test, P =0.0397）. Multilevel mixedeffects model analysis showed that the difference between the corneal epithelium scrapings group and the tears group was statistically significant（P =0.0049）. The Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between the HSV concentration in the corneal epithelium scrapings and clinical scores before the treatment（r =0.844, P〈 0.0001）.· CONCLUSION： RT-PCR appears to be a powerful molecular tool for the diagnosis of necrotizing herpes stromal keratitis.

Modified ulcer debridement in the treatment of the superficial fungal infection of the cornea

AIM： To evaluate the efficacy of modified corneal ulcer debridement in superficial fungal keratitis unresponsive to medications.METHODS： A total of 209 patients（209 eyes） with fungal keratitis, involving no more than 50% of the stromal depth and not responding to antifungal agents for 2 wk, were recruited in this retrospective, noncomparative study. The patients were treated with modified corneal ulcer debridement. All visible corneal infiltrates were removed under an operating microscope to obtain a clean stromal bed and smooth incised edges. Antifungal drugs were used immediately after surgery. Healing time of the ulcers was recorded. Fungal recurrence, visual acuity, corneal thickness and risk factors for treatment failure were monitored.RESULTS： The follow-up was 13.6±5.8m o. The corneal ulcers healed in 195 of 209 eyes（93.3%）, with a mean healing time of 8.4±6.8 d. The other 14 eyes were further treated by penetrating keratoplasty（PK）（1 eye）, anterior lamellar keratoplasty（LK）（7 eyes）, conjunctival flap covering（4 eyes） or amniotic membrane transplantation（2 eyes）. The best corrected visual acuity（BCVA） was ≥20/70 in 80.3% of the eyes, ≥20/40 in 56.9% of the eyes, and ≥20/25 in 27.3% of the eyes. The corneas at the lesions became thinner, but all in the safe range. No fungal recurrence or corneal ectasis developed during the follow-up. The risk of treatment failure was higher in patients with preoperative hypopyon（P=0.036） and ever using steroid（P=0.025）.CONCLUSION： Modified surgical debridement is a simple and effective method for the treatment of superficial fungal infection of the cornea, with improved visual acuity and no recurrence. Such an intervention in time can rapidly control fungal infection and largely shorten corneal ulcer healing time.

Hydrodynamics Analysis of Automatic Feeding and Forming System of Coating Layer

The automatic forming device of the cladding layer of the solid rocket engine is a kind of equipment that can automatically complete the coating process of the coating layer.It is mainly composed of the feeding system,the detection system and the automatic control system.The feeding system plays the role of providing the slurry in the coating process.In order to ensure the uniformity and stability of the feeding device,the automatic forming and feeding system of the coating is studied in this paper.The dynamic analysis of the slurry transportation process in the automatic coating system is carried out.In this paper,the feed cylinder is designed in theory.The feeding mode of the servo electric cylinder is adopted.Through the analysis of the hydrodynamic equations,the mixture model is chosen as the basis for the numerical simulation analysis.We use the SolidWorks software to create the geometric model of the feed cylinder.The dynamic analysis of the feed cylinder is carried out by Fluent software,and the convergent residual diagram and the fluid cloud chart are obtained.Fluent software is used for simulation analysis.The simulation results show that the distribution device has stable flow velocity and uniform slurry flow in the feeding process.The effect of scraping and coating process can be guaranteed by the feeding device,which provides a theoretical basis for actual production.