Analysis of Adaptation Process of Evidence-Based Interventions by Taking Post-Stroke Dysphagia Screening As an Example--Based on a Series of Empirical Studies

Background:Evidence-based interventions(EBIs)are frequently adapted or modified during the implementation process to meet the needs of the target context,public health professionals,or health practitioners.However,little is known about how the EBIs of the same clinical problem at a different time(sustainability)and a different setting(scalability)should be adapted to facilitate implementation.To address this gap,this research aims to analyze the adaptations process of EBIs by taking post-stroke dysphagia screening as an example based on a series of empirical studies.Methods:We reviewed three best practice implementation projects of post-stroke dysphagia identification and management in China's Mainland,and conducted a comparative analysis of three projects of dysphagia screening practical decision-making according to core elements of evidence-based nursing(EBN).Results:We identified the core elements of EBN that influence decision-making in each best practice implementation project.The decision-making of screening time and tool for dysphagia in the three projects varied.Project 1:Post-stroke dysphagia was screened using Water Swallow Test(WST)before the first intake of liquid or food.Project 2:A sustainability study based on project 1,post-stroke dysphagia was screened using Standardized Swallowing Assessment(SSA)before the first intake of liquid or food,within 24 hours of admission.Project 3:A community scalability study based on project 2,post-stroke dysphagia was screened using Water Swallow Test(WST)before the first intake of liquid or food,within 24 hours after referral.Conclusions:Adaption of EBIs needs to fully consider the best available external evidence from systematic research,clinical expertise,patient preferences,as well as context.

Dynamics and adaptive control of a dual-arm space robot with closed-loop constraints and uncertain inertial parameters

A dynamics-based adaptive control approach is proposed for a planar dual-arm space robot in the presence of closed-loop constraints and uncertain inertial parameters of the payload. The controller is capable of controlling the po- sition and attitude of both the satellite base and the payload grasped by the manipulator end effectors. The equations of motion in reduced-order form for the constrained system are derived by incorporating the constraint equations in terms of accelerations into Kane＇s equations of the unconstrained system. Model analysis shows that the resulting equations perfectly meet the requirement of adaptive controller design. Consequently, by using an indirect approach, an adaptive control scheme is proposed to accomplish position/attitude trajectory tracking control with the uncertain parameters be- ing estimated on-line. The actuator redundancy due to the closed-loop constraints is utilized to minimize a weighted norm of the joint torques. Global asymptotic stability is proven by using Lyapunov＇s method, and simulation results are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

A Tilt-correction Adaptive Optical System for the Solar Telescope of Nanjing University

A tilt-correction adaptive optical system installed on the 430 mm Solar Telescope of Nanjing University has been put in operation. It consists of a tip-tilt mirror, a correlation tracker and an imaging CCD camera. An absolute difference algorithm is used for detecting image motion in the correlation tracker. The sampling frequency of the system is 419 Hz. We give a description of the system's configuration, an analysis of its performance and a report of our observational results. A residual jitter of 0.14 arcsec has been achieved. The error rejection bandwidth of the system can be adjusted in the range 5-28 Hz according to the beacon size and the strength of atmospheric turbulence.

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system for gap acceptance behavior of right-turning vehicles at partially controlled T-intersections

Gap acceptance theory is broadly used for evaluating unsignalized intersections in developed coun tries. Intersections with no specific priority to any move ment, known as uncontrolled intersections, are common in India. Limited priority is observed at a few intersections, where priorities are perceived by drivers based on geom etry, traffic volume, and speed on the approaches of intersection. Analyzing such intersections is complex because the overall traffic behavior is the result of drivers, vehicles, and traffic flow characteristics. Fuzzy theory has been widely used to analyze similar situations. This paper describes the application of adaptive neurofuzzy interface system （ANFIS） to the modeling of gap acceptance behavior of rightturning vehicles at limited priority Tintersections （in India, vehicles are driven on the left side of a road）. Field data are collected using video cameras at four Tintersections having limited priority. The data extracted include gap/lag, subject vehicle type, conflicting vehicle type, and driver＇s decision （accepted/rejected）. ANFIS models are developed by using 80 % of the extracted data （total data observations for major road right turning vehicles are 722 and 1,066 for minor road right turning vehicles） and remaining are used for model vali dation. Four different combinations of input variables are considered for major and minor road right turnings sepa rately. Correct prediction by ANFIS models ranges from 75.17 % to 82.16 % for major road right turning and 87.20 % to 88.62 % for minor road right turning. Themodels developed in this paper can be used in the dynamic estimation of gap acceptance in traffic simulation models.

Screen image sequence compression method utilizing adaptive block size coding and hierarchical GOP structure

To compress screen image sequence in real-time remote and interactive applications,a novel compression method is proposed.The proposed method is named as CABHG.CABHG employs hybrid coding schemes that consist of intra-frame and inter-frame coding modes.The intra-frame coding is a rate-distortion optimized adaptive block size that can be also used for the compression of a single screen image.The inter-frame coding utilizes hierarchical group of pictures(GOP) structure to improve system performance during random accesses and fast-backward scans.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CABHG method has approximately 47%-48% higher compression ratio and 46%-53% lower CPU utilization than professional screen image sequence codecs such as TechSmith Ensharpen codec and Sorenson 3 codec.Compared with general video codecs such as H.264 codec,XviD MPEG-4 codec and Apple's Animation codec,CABHG also shows 87%-88% higher compression ratio and 64%-81% lower CPU utilization than these general video codecs.

Verifying the Effects of an Education Program Leveraging Information Technology to Promote Cervical Cancer Screening in Women Aged 20 - 29—A One-Year Longitudinal Study

The purpose of this research is to implement an IT-based education program in order to promote cervical cancer screenings for women aged 20 - 29 years, as well as to examine the results of said program. This is a longitudinal/comparative study of two groups, one for which the program was implemented (the intervention group), and the other for which it was not (the control group). The program consisted of attending a health lecture and encouragement to be screened one month, six months, and one year later sent through IT-based methods. The target was unmarried women aged 20 - 29 who had neither previously given birth nor had been screened for cervical cancer in a period one year prior. They were divided into two groups, the intervention group (n = 142) and control group (n = 145). The effectiveness of the program was assessed via an initial survey and further surveys six months and one year later. Results were based on the Japanese version of the Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and the Pap Smear Test (HBMSCCPST), knowledge scores in the categories of Healthy Lifestyles, Cervical Cancer, Cervical Cancer Screening, and screening behavior. A two-way ANOVA of the HBMSCCPST subscales and knowledge scores in the initial, six-month, and one-year surveys was performed, showing interaction in Cervical Cancer (p = 0.00). Main effects were observed in Cervical Cancer Screening (p = 0.00) and Healthy Lifestyles (p = 0.00). Regarding the amount of change from the initial survey, knowledge scores in the Cervical Cancer (p = 0.027) and Cervical Cancer Screening (p = 0.016) categories were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group. There was no significant difference in cervical cancer screening rates (p = 0.26) between the two groups. However, a small-degree effect size was observed for Benefits, Seriousness, and Susceptibility subscales in both examinees and non-examinees. Although the educational program of this study was effective in improving the knowledge of women in their twenties, there was little improvement in HBMSCCPST and it did not lead to the promotion of cervical cancer screening. In order to raise interest in cervical cancer screening, it is necessary to consider useful content to guide women to consult with healthcare professionals, a long-term population approach, and organizational structure of consultation.

Simulation of a ground-layer adaptive optics system for the Kunlun Dark Universe Survey Telescope

Ground Layer Adaptive Optics （GLAO） is a recently developed technique extensively applied to ground-based telescopes, which mainly compensates for the wavefront errors induced by ground-layer turbulence to get an appropriate point spread function in a wide field of view. The compensation results mainly depend on the turbu-lence distribution. The atmospheric turbulence at Dome A in the Antarctic is mainly distributed below 15 meters, which is an ideal site for applications of GLAO. The GLAO system has been simulated for the Kunlun Dark Universe Survey Telescope, which will be set up at Dome A, and uses a rotating mirror to generate several laser guide stars and a wavefront sensor with a wide field of view to sequentially measure the wavefronts from different laser guide stars. The system is simulated on a computer and parameters of the system are given, which provide detailed information about the design of a practical GLAO system.

An Improved Binary Wolf Pack Algorithm Based on Adaptive Step Length and Improved Update Strategy for 0-1 Knapsack Problems

Binary wolf pack algorithm (BWPA) is a kind of intelligence algorithm which can solve combination optimization problems in discrete spaces.Based on BWPA, an improved binary wolf pack algorithm (AIBWPA) can be proposed by adopting adaptive step length and improved update strategy of wolf pack. AIBWPA is applied to 10 classic 0-1 knapsack problems and compared with BWPA, DPSO, which proves that AIBWPA has higher optimization accuracy and better computational robustness. AIBWPA makes the parameters simple, protects the population diversity and enhances the global convergence.

基于PU-Faster R-CNN的手机屏幕缺陷检测算法研究

手机屏幕缺陷检测是手机生产的重要环节,实现准确而高效的屏幕缺陷检测对于提高手机工业产能具有重要意义;在实际生产过程中,手机屏幕图像缺陷特征隐晦、缺陷尺寸差异大等问题,加大了手机屏幕缺陷检测的难度;为解决上述问题,提出了一种基于Preprocessing operations are combined with U-Net-Faster R-CNN(PU-Faster R-CNN)的手机屏幕缺陷检测模型;针对手机屏幕图像的特征信息隐晦的问题,提出多层特征增强模块,有效的对目标缺陷特征信息进行增强;构建多尺度特征提取网络,有效提取多尺度的缺陷特征信息;为了生成拟合性更好的Anchor box,提出了自适应区域建议网络,通过自迭代聚类算法生成尺寸更准确的Anchor box模板;实验结果表明,基于PU-Faster R-CNN的手机屏幕检测框架在手机屏幕数据集上优于主流的手机屏幕缺陷检测框架。

自动驾驶场景类间相似特征自适应分类网络

解决类间相似度问题是自动驾驶场景分类研究中一项充满挑战的任务,主要研究在相似度较高的真实复杂交通场景中,利用网络学习目标特征的差异性,并构建特征之间整体关联性进行场景分类。提出一种多尺度自适应特征筛选的自动驾驶场景分类网络。采用双重多尺度特征提取模块预处理,初步提取不同尺度下的类间相似特征;设计了特征分化筛选模块完成场景相似特征筛选,使网络更关注不同场景类别的典型易区分特征;将特征筛选结果和多尺度特征图共同传递至特征融合分类模块进行场景分类,捕捉场景特征之间的关联性;由自适应学习算法通过输出结果动态调整训练参数,加快网络收敛速度并提升精度。所提方法在三种数据集BDD100k、BDD100k+和自制数据集上与现有网络方法进行比较,相较Top2网络在精度上分别领先了3.29%、5.59%、12.65%(相对),实验结果表明了所提方法的有效性,并展现了很好的泛化能力。提出的场景分类方法旨在学习不同复杂场景类别下的典型易区分的特征及其关联性,降低多目标类间相似的影响,使得在真实交通场景数据集中场景分类结果更加准确。

基于迁移联邦学习的输电线路缺陷检测

有效检测输电线路的破损和异物对电路智能巡检至关重要.然而,由于存在着数据孤岛问题,难以收集不同电力公司的数据来训练统一的检测模型.因此,结合迁移联邦学习和目标检测算法提出了一种基于迁移联邦学习的电路缺陷检测方法.具体地,首先选用一个强大的检测模型作为基础检测模型,并冻结模型初始权重.然后通过权重矩阵的低秩分解以及插入适配器层的方式进行对不同客户端的数据进行适应学习,从而大幅降低可训练模型参数的目的.其次,提出一种权重自适应筛选方法,以精确确定模型权重层的低秩分解和适配器层的插入位置,通过简单的适应学习,即可对不同电力公司中的数据分布进行有效适应.最后,在接近真实环境的电力数据集上进行的实验验证表明,在保证客户数据安全性和隐私性的前提下,能够很好地适应不同分布的检测场景.

基于转录因子的生物传感器研究进展

转录因子的生物传感器(transcription-factor-based biosensors,TFBBs)作为一种重要的合成生物学工具,在高通量筛选、适应性进化、动态调控等方面具有重要作用。然而,天然的TFBBs由于灵敏度低、专一性差、响应慢等无法满足当前的应用需求。为应对上述挑战,该文简述了TFBBs的分类及其原理,重点介绍了TFBBs的性能调节策略,包括利用定向进化、蛋白质工程等策略优化生物传感器的灵敏度、特异性、检测范围和动态范围;总结了TFBBs在高通量筛选、适应性进化及动态调控方面的应用,讨论了TFBBs在实际应用中可能面临的机遇和挑战,并对其发展趋势进行了展望,指出了合成生物学的高速发展将促进生物传感器应用于更广泛的领域。

基于产量相关性状的大麦种质干旱适应性分析

于2019—2021年,通过测定62份大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)种质在不同灌水条件下的产量相关性状数据,分析了大麦7个产量相关性状与灌水的相关性。结果表明,z1450066w的生育期较短,正常灌水条件下为82.67 d,干旱胁迫下为65.33 d;TRADI70w的穗长较长,正常灌水条件下为7.82 cm,干旱胁迫下为8.11 cm;ZDM5458的产量较高,正常灌水条件下为397.93 g·m^(-2),干旱胁迫下为309.52 g·m^(-2),且3个试验年份均呈增产趋势。依据62份种质在干旱胁迫下产量相关性状适应能力的不同,将其分为5类,I类的有效分蘖、千粒重性状表现较好,II类和III类分别在穗长和株高性状上表现较好,IV类穗粒数、产量性状表现较好,V类的生育期性状表现较好。与正常灌水相比,干旱胁迫下大麦生育期、株高、穗长、有效分蘖、穗粒数和产量分别降低14.25%、11.37%、1.64%、5.68%、7.61%和27.98%。正常灌水下,穗长与株高、千粒重均呈极显著正相关关系,有效分蘖与穗长、生育期和穗粒数分别呈极显著负相关、极显著正相关和显著负相关关系,千粒重、株高与产量均呈极显著正相关关系;干旱胁迫下,穗长与穗粒数、千粒重和产量分别呈显著负相关、极显著负相关和极显著正相关关系,有效分蘖与株高、千粒重分别呈极显著负相关和极显著正相关关系,生育期与千粒重呈极显著正相关关系。同时,筛选出4份抗旱的大麦种质(ZDM5458,GERTROV,ZDM5430,G0401018K-1),其中干旱胁迫下ZDM5458产量较高,GERTROV和ZDM5430穗粒数较多,G0401018K-1有效分蘖较多。

Primer Screening on Germplasm Resources of Mallotus oblongiolus by ISSR Molecular Marker

[ Objective] To provide effective primers for the rapid and accurate ISSR analysis of the germplasm materials of Mallotus oblongiolus （Miq.） Muello-Arg.. [Method] The modified CTAB method was used in the extraction of the genomic DNA. 99 ISSR primers were used in the ISSR-PCR amplification for 20 germplasm materials from 10 populations in Hainan Island, so that some primers, which were suitable to all gerplasm materials of M. oblongiolu, could be selected. [ Result] 15 effective primers with characteristics of rich polymorphism, clear bands, and good repeatability were selected from 99 test primers. The 15 primers selected were used in the ISSR-PCR amplification for 66 germplasm materials of M. oblongiolus. From all of which the abundant and distinct DNA fingerprintings could be obtained. 286 DNA bands were obtained, and of which 231 bands were polymorphic, which amounted to 80.77% of the total bands amplified. And 19.1 bands could be obtained with each primer, averagely. [ Conclusion] The 15 primers selected could be effectively applied to ISSR analysis of the germplasm resources of M. oblongiolus.

异常值个数未知下辅助数据自适应筛选方法

在雷达目标多通道自适应检测场景下,诸多非均匀背景因素易导致异常值干扰,使得辅助数据独立同分布条件难以满足,已有辅助数据筛选方法往往假定异常值个数已知,在个数未知的情况下面临较大性能损失。为此,该文研究了异常值个数未知情况下辅助数据自适应筛选方法。首先,在杂噪协方差矩阵已知条件下,建立了异常数据集合的最大似然估计,基于广义内积对辅助数据进行初步排序,将异常数据集合的最大似然估计过程简化为异常值个数估计。其次,利用快速最大似然方法进行未知协方差矩阵估计,提出了未知异常值个数下辅助数据自适应筛选方法。进一步地,为降低异常值对初步排序性能的不利干扰,基于归一化采样协方差矩阵设计了归一化广义内积形式,并结合迭代估计方式,对前述辅助数据自适应筛选流程进行改进。仿真结果表明,与广义内积相比,采用归一化广义内积可获得更高的筛选精度,采用较小迭代次数即可获得稳定的归一化信干比改善;与已有辅助数据筛选方法相比,该文所提方法在异常值个数未知条件下具有更好的筛选性能。

基于AKAZE算子的抗翻拍自适应鲁棒性水印

针对现有抗翻拍攻击水印的鲁棒性不足以抵抗新型翻拍攻击且透明性不佳等问题,引入自适应思想,提出一种基于AKAZE算子的自适应水印算法。首先利用AKAZE算子定位出关键点,随后根据关键点间的距离与对图像边框的距离对关键点做初步的筛选,然后构建筛选后关键点邻域熵值、水印嵌入强度与嵌入前后的平均相似度三者之间的映射,构建完映射后可仅根据图像块的熵值自适应筛选关键点,并得到二次筛选后关键点邻域合适的嵌入率,最后在筛选后的关键点邻域中利用奇异值分解进行水印嵌入。实验结果表明,该水印算法在保持了良好的不可见性的同时具有极佳的鲁棒性,其性能较现有抗翻拍攻击水印算法有显著提高。

复合式无人机机翼设计及其自适应优化

随着人类社会的进步和城市物流的兴起,以复合式无人机为代表的无人机技术进入了快速发展阶段。在复合式无人机的研制周期中,气动优化设计选型扮演着非常重要的角色。针对基于代理模型的气动优化技术,对其关键参数自适应筛选和设计空间自适应更新进行了研究,形成了参数/空间自适应气动寻优平台,有效提高了气动优化过程中的寻优效率和搜索能力。针对一款复合式无人机提出机翼初步设计方案,并对其进行自适应气动寻优。优化翼根、翼梢翼型及由此生成的优化三维机翼在设计升力系数为1.0时的升阻比均提高5%以上,且对应迎角均减小2°以上。无人机机翼失速特性及滚转操控能力均得到有效提升。

环境应力筛选自动化检测工艺装置研究

环境应力筛选是军工电子产品试制过程中的重要环节,通过进行环境应力筛选试验来剔除产品早期故障,是保证军工电子产品质量与可靠性的必要措施。基于LabVIEW程序开发与工控机的通信系统,通过计算机强大的数据处理功能和CAN总线通信协议,设计一款环境应力筛选自动化检测工艺装置,能够在无人值守的条件下,同时实现多套军工电子产品功能性能的自动检测、数据采集与存储、异常分析与报警等功能。该自动化检测装置实际应用表明,在保证环境应力筛选质量的同时,降低了人工成本,缩短了军工电子产品批量生产周期,显著提升了环境应力筛选的效率。并且自动化检测工艺装置具有较强的通用性和推广性,在环境应力筛选试验中取得了新突破。

烤烟新品系在漯河的适应性研究

针对漯河烟区烟草产量低、品质欠佳等问题,通过大田试验,筛选出优质、高产、抗病性强的烤烟新品系,为丰富漯河烤烟品种体系提供参考依据。文章以漯河主栽品系中烟100为对照,分别从不同品系的植物学性状、农艺性状、常规化学成分、烤后烟外观质量、感官评吸、经济性状和发病率等各方面进行对比分析,选出最优品系。Y20116-91株高最突出,达到了191.0 cm, Y20112-7腰叶面积最大,各项指标表现较好。从农艺性状上看,Y214044、Y214048、Y20112-7株高、茎围和节距适中,抗倒伏,根系发达,叶片大小适中,株系间空间充足,通气性好。Y214022、Y20117-45、Y20116-91外观质量表现较好,均价高,能满足烟农生产需求。从中部叶烤后烟感官评吸数据来看,Y214048、Y20112-7、Y20112-2易熄火,但香气质良好。综合而言,Y214044、Y214048、Y214022、Y20112-7、Y20117-45在外观质量、化学成分和田间植物学性状表现均较好。可继续进行筛选。

投影球幕对比度自适应快速上采样锐化算法

多通道投影球幕在融合过程中仅会采样原始渲染图像的部分内容且采样点分布不均匀,导致清晰度在不同的区域会有不同程度的下降。以此为切入点,提出了一种对比度自适应快速上采样锐化的视觉增强算法,以改善其显示效果,该算法包含自适应上采样和自适应锐化两个阶段,应用于图形渲染管线的后处理部分,可以快速地进行上采样锐化操作。通过对比实验,对比度自适应快速上采样锐化算法能够在保证高帧率的同时提高三维场景渲染结果的分辨率,同时通过锐化技术增强其显示效果,并提升多源投影球幕显示实时三维场景的清晰度和细节。