Screening, Treatment and Control of High Blood Pressure on Five Sites in Mali

Introduction: High blood pressure is defined as blood pressure greater than or equal to 140 mm Hg for systolic and or 90 mm Hg for diastolic. It constitutes a major public health problem, the leading chronic disease in the world. The objective was to determine the prevalence, treatment rate and control of hypertension. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study which took place over a period of 6 months in a hospital environment and in the general population. Results: Of the 1000 participants, 637 had hypertension, giving a prevalence of 63.70% with a female predominance. Thirty-three percent (33%) were unaware of their high blood pressure. The age group 60 and more was the most represented (44%). A proportion of 33 and 23.20 were overweight and obese participants, respectively. Male subjects were more overweight than female, unlike obesity which was more common among female subjects. Sixty-two percent (62%) of hypertensives were treated, of whom 44% were non-compliant. The excessively high cost and consumption of medications as needed were the main factors in therapeutic non-compliance. Twenty-two percent (22%) of all hypertensive patients and 35% of treated hypertensive patients were controlled. Women were more treated but less observant and less controlled than men. Therapeutic coverage and combination therapy rates were lower in rural areas. Hypertensives who had a high level of education were better treated and controlled than those who had no level. Conclusion: High blood pressure remains a real public health problem in Mali. It is more common in people aged 60 and over and in females. One in three hypertensives were unaware of their hypertension. The majority received antihypertensive treatments, but only a minority of them had their hypertension controlled.

Heavy Metal Control in Domestic Rubbish by Source Screening and Suitability of Nutrient Elements as Turfgrass Medium

This paper, probing into heavy metal control in domestic rubbish by source screening and nutrient element analysis, revealed the feasibility of source control of heavy metals and the suitability of rubbish as turfgrass medium. Heavy metals in domestic rubbish were controlled by source screening before composting. The study consisted of a control with garden soil. The contents of main mineral elements and heavy metals in rubbish compost and control were determined by the method of ICP-AES. The results showed that heavy metal concentrations in rubbish were lower than those in garden soil, and little difference occurred between rubbish and garden soil in main mineral element concentrations. Based on this, it was concluded that rubbish compost was favorable for using as turfgrass medium and heavy metal control in rubbish by source screening was effective.

Evaluating efficacy of screening for upper gastrointestinal cancer in China:a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Objective： To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of screening procedure for upper gastrointestinal cancer in both high-risk and non-high-risk areas in China. Setting： Seven cities/counties, representing three economical-geographical regions （Eastern, Central and Western） in China, were selected as screening centers： three in high-risk areas and four in non-high-risk areas. Participants： Villages/communities in these seven centers regarded as clusters were randomly assigned to either intervention group （screening by endoscopic examination） or control group （with normal community care） in a 1：1 ratio stratified by each center. Eligible participants are local residents aged 40-69 years in the selected villages/communities with no history of cancer or endoscopic examination in the latest 3 years who are mentally and physically competent. Those who are not willing to take endoscopic examination or are unwilling to sign the consent form are excluded from the study. Totally 140,000 participants will be enrolled. Interventions： In high-risk areas of upper gastrointestinal cancer, all subjects in screening group will be screened by endoscopy. In non-high-risk areas, 30% of the subjects in screening group, identified through a survey, will be screened by endoscopy. Primary and secondary outcome measures： The primary outcome is the mortality caused by upper gastrointestinal cancer. The secondary outcomes include detection rate, incidence rate, survival rate, and clinical stage distribution. Additional data on quality of life and cost-effectiveness will also be collected to answer important questions regarding screening effects. Conclusions： Screening strategy evaluated in those areas with positive findings may be promoted nationally and applied to the majority of Chinese people. On the other hand, negative findings will provide scientific evidence for abandoning a test and shifting resources elsewhere. Trial registration： The study has been registered with the Protocol Registration System in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry （identifier： ChiCTR-EOR-16008577）.

Microbiological screenings for infection control in unaccompanied minor refugees： the German Armed Forces Medical Service＇s experience

Background:The German Military Medical Service contributed to the medical screening of unaccompanied minor refugees(UMRs)coming to Germany in 2014 and 2015.In this study,a broad range of diagnostic procedures was applied to identify microorganisms with clinical or public health significance.Previously,those tests had only been used to screen soldiers returning from tropical deployments.This instance is the first time the approach has been studied in a humanitarian context.Methods:The offered screenings included blood cell counts,hepatitis B serology and microscopy of the stool to look for protozoa and worm eggs as well as PCR from stool samples targeting pathogenic bacteria,protozoa and helminths.If individuals refused certain assessments,their decision to do so was accepted.A total of 219 apparently healthy male UMRs coming from Afghanistan,Egypt,Somalia,Eritrea,Syria,Ghana,Guinea,Iran,Algeria,Iraq,Benin,Gambia,Libya,Morocco,Pakistan,and Palestine were assessed.All UMRs who were examined at the study department were included in the assessment.Results:We detected decreasing frequencies of pathogens that included diarrhoea-associated bacteria[Campylobacter(C.)jejuni,enteropathogenic Escherichia(E.)coli(EPEC),enterotoxic E.coli(ETEC),enteroaggregative E.coli(EAEC),enteroinvasive E.coli(EIEC)/Shigella spp.),Giardia(G.)duodenalis,helminths(comprising Schistosoma spp.,Hymenolepis(H.)nana,Strongyloides(S.)stercoralis]as well as hepatitis B virus.Pathogenic microorganisms dominated the samples by far.While G.duodenalis was detected in 11.4%of the assessed UMRs,the incidence of newly identified cases in the German population was 4.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.Conclusion:We conclude that the applied in-house PCR screening systems,which have proven to be useful for screening military returnees from tropical deployments,can also be used for health assessment of immigrants from the respective sites.Apparently healthy UMRs may be enterically colonized with a broad variety of pathogenic and apathogenic microorganisms.Increased colonization rates,as shown for G.duodenalis,can pose a hygiene problem in centralized homes for asylum seekers.

A Simplified Model for the Prediction of the Erosion of a Metal Screen for Sand Control

In oil drilling processes,sand production in the oil layer is a common issue,generally mitigated by means of sand control screens.To prevent or reduce the risk of damage of these screens and to improve the related service life,it is necessary to investigate the related erosion dynamics.In this study,a screen mesh model based on the flow field similarity theory is proposed to overcome the otherwise too complex geometric structure of this type of equipment.Such model is optimized using experimental data.The predicted results are in good agreement with the measured values,and the error is less than 15%.The results also show that the simplified geometric screen model and the optimized Zhang et al.erosion model have high reliability;therefore,they could effective be used to select underground screen meshes and improve the design of production process.

Screening of controls in cass-control study of infectious diseases

A simulation analysis and a comparative study of hepatitis were undertaken between susceptible population control (SPC) and general population control (GPC). It was shown that when the exposure rate for studying factors in susceptibles was approximate to that of general population. the values of Odds ratios (ORs) of the two control groups were also approximate. When there was an significant difference in exposure rates between the two control groups, the difference of values of ORs of the two control groups might be significant, but the ORs were approximate to relative risk (RR) of the corresponding target population. According to these results, the authors are of the opinion that whether serological screening is needed during the selection of control in case-control study of infectious diseases is determined by the efficacy of serological screening and the association of aims of research. If there is no significant association between exposure and susceptibility, or the estimates of ORs of general population are desirable, the GPC is preferable. When the estimates of ORs of susceptible population are wanted, the susceptible population control should be selected.

Operation optimization of plugged screen cleanup by rotary water jetting

The rotary water jetting is one of the most important techniques for horizontal well cleanup.The jet flow is used to remove plugging particles from sand control screens to recover their permeability.Currently,the operation optimization of this technique depends mainly on experience due to absence of applicable evaluation and design models for removing plugging materials.This paper presents an experimental setup to simulate the cleanup process of plugged screens by rotary water jetting on the surface and to evaluate the performance of a jetting tool.Using real plugged screens pulled from damaged wells,a series of tests were performed,and the qualitative relationships between the cleanup efficiency and various operational parameters,such as the type of fluids used,flow rate,mode of tool movement,etc.,were obtained.The test results indicated that the cleanup performance was much better when the rotary jetting tool moved and stopped periodically for a certain time than that when it reciprocated at a constant speed.To be exact,it was desirable for the rotary jetting tool to move for 1.5-2 m and stop for 2-4 min,which was called the ＂move-stop-move＂ mode.Good cleanup performance could be obtained at high flow rates,and the flow rate was recommended to be no lower than 550-600 L/min.The test results also indicated that complex mud acid was better than clean water in terms of cleanup performance.Good cleanup efficiency and high screen permeability recovery could be achieved for severely plugged screens.Rotary jetting is preferred for the cleanup of horizontal wells with severely plugged screens,and the screen permeability recovery ratio may reach 20％ if optimized operation parameters were used.

橄榄黑斑病病原菌的分离鉴定及防治药剂筛选

为明确引起潮州市橄榄黑斑病的病原菌种类,筛选有效防治药剂,对发病果实采用组织分离法进行了病原菌的分离与纯化,并结合形态学和分子生物学技术对病原菌进行鉴定。鉴定结果表明,引起橄榄黑斑病的病原菌为链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)。通过菌丝生长速率法测定了14种杀菌剂对病原菌的抑菌效果,结果表明14种杀菌剂对链格孢菌均有抑制作用,其中3%中生菌素可湿性粉剂、80%克菌丹水分散粒剂、8%氟硅唑微乳剂和40%苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂的抑菌效果较好,EC_(50)分别为1.267、1.207、1.100、0.944 mg·L^(-1)。田间防效测定结果表明,40%苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂、8%氟硅唑微乳剂的防治效果显著,防效为68.58%、65.44%;而30%王铜、2%春雷霉素的防效较差,仅为10%左右。综上,推荐将8%氟硅唑微乳剂和40%苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂2种药剂作为防控橄榄黑斑病的首选药剂。本研究可为橄榄黑斑病高效杀菌剂的筛选提供数据参考,并为其防控工作提供科学依据。

基于数字孪生的交叉筛智能控制技术研究现状

交叉式细粒滚轴筛是一种适用于湿黏细粒煤的干法深度筛分设备。总结了普通滚轴筛和交叉筛的研究现状和局限性,提出了推进交叉筛智能控制技术研究的观点。综述了数字孪生技术在煤矿行业的应用案例,分析了数字孪生技术在煤矿无人化生产、远程控制和安全高效运行方面具备的潜力和价值。基于此,提出了开展基于数字孪生的交叉筛智能控制技术的研究,实现对交叉筛运行过程控制、状态监测等功能,提高交叉筛的智能化发展水平。

Integrated Management of Large Screen Communication Strategy for Electric Vehicles

The intelligent product of traditional fuel vehicles in electric vehicle region is the large screen of central control panel, which is the subversive innovative design of electric vehicles and the intelligent symbol under the Internet innovative thinking. Through the specific analysis of large screen innovative design, target customers, communication channel and communication effect of electric vehicle products, the comprehensive management of large screen communication of electric vehicles can be realized.

阻尼层敷贴法对钻井振动筛降噪效果的影响

针对钻井振动筛工作噪声问题,提出了在钻井振动筛筛箱侧板敷贴阻尼层以减弱其噪声辐射的方法。通过筛箱振声模型,采用有限元法和模态应变能法对侧板敷贴阻尼前后的振动模态和侧板声辐射进行分析,利用COMSOL进行仿真求解,比较分析了不同材料、不同厚度的阻尼层对筛箱表面噪声辐射的影响。研究表明,表面阻尼结构能减弱噪声辐射;敷贴较硬的材料能对侧板起到一定的振动约束作用;需要根据材料属性选取最佳厚度,达到最佳减振降噪效果。

扁平大空间船舶火灾烟气控制试验研究

为有效控制扁平大空间船舶火灾烟气蔓延,研究大尺度火灾过程中的油池质量损失速率、舱室温度分布、隔热效率和烟气控制效果。利用尺寸为30 m×24 m×2.3 m的模拟舱,在0.35、0.55和0.70 m等3种不同挡烟垂壁高度和机械通风条件下开展试验。结果表明:挡烟垂壁高度增加,油池质量损失速率峰值减小;挡烟垂壁高度对舱室上层烟气温度的影响比对下层气体温度的影响更明显,1.4 m以上空间温度峰值明显下降,而1.4 m以下空间温度峰值无明显变化。顶棚平均温度和隔热效率随挡烟垂壁高度增加而下降。随挡烟垂壁高度增加,火源区与非火源区同时控烟模式隔热效率从28.2%提升至50.8%,火源区单独控烟模式隔热效率从29.4%提升至54.7%。

2018—2022年京津冀血液筛查实验室检测前质量不合格标本情况分析

目的 探讨2018—2022年京津冀15家血液筛查实验室(血站实验室)检测前质量不合格标本的情况及存在问题,为提升京津冀血站实验室质量同质化建设提供数据支持。方法 选取北京、天津和河北3个地区的血液中心和中心血站的15家血站实验室,其中包括3家血液中心实验室和12家地市级中心血站实验室,分别用代码A~O表示。收集15家血站实验室2018—2022年检测前接收标本总数、质量不合格标本总数以及常见不合格原因(溶血、乳糜、容量不足量、血细胞比容异常、采集后未按要求及时离心和其他原因等)对应标本数,分析检测前标本的不合格情况。结果2018—2022年15家血站实验室检测前质量不合格标本率为1.98‱,呈下降趋势,由2.54‱下降至1.57‱。标本质量不合格原因5年来保持稳定,占比依次是乳糜(74.72%)、溶血(7.41%)、容量不足量(5.42%)、其他原因(4.42%)、血细胞比容异常(4.35%)、采集后未按要求及时离心(3.68%)。15家血站实验室之间检测前质量不合格标本率的比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与检测前总体质量不合格标本率相比,11家实验室低于总体水平,其中4家持续保持稳定状态。结论 15家血站实验室的检测前过程控制总体良好,但由于各血站在检测前标本管理过程的流程设计和工作模式的不同导致统计数据存在差异,部分实验室仍有改进空间。

鹰嘴豆田土壤处理除草剂筛选

【目的】筛选适宜于鹰嘴豆田土壤处理的安全高效除草剂。【方法】选择生产上常用的12种除草剂进行田间土壤试验,采用绝对值调查法评价各除草剂的除草效果,并分析试验剂量下各除草剂对鹰嘴豆的安全性。【结果】各处理对鹰嘴豆田阔叶草均具有较好的封闭效果,药后45 d对阔叶草总草的株防效可达93.85%~100%,鲜重防效达87.80%~100%。各处理对禾本科杂草防效略有差异,其中,330 g/L二甲戊灵EC、50%乙草胺EC、50%敌草胺WDG、960 g/L精异丙甲草胺EC和40%砜吡草唑SC处理均可有效封闭禾本科杂草,药后45 d对禾本科总草的株防效和鲜重防效可达95.19%~100%和99.13%~100%,且对鹰嘴豆安全;42%氟啶草酮SC、65%氨氟乐灵WDG、480 g/L氟乐灵EC、240 g/L乙氧氟草醚EC和250 g/L噁草酮EC处理对禾本科杂草防效也较好,药后45 d对禾本科总草的株防效可达96.58%~100%,且除240 g/L乙氧氟草醚EC外,鲜重防效可达88.24%~100%,但对鹰嘴豆生长均存在不同程度的药害,药害随鹰嘴豆生长可逐渐缓解;50%扑草净WP和51%丙炔氟草胺WDG虽可在一定程度上封闭禾本科杂草,但持效期均较短,且50%扑草净WP对鹰嘴豆有明显药害。【结论】从除草效果和对鹰嘴豆的安全性考虑,330 g/L二甲戊灵EC、50%乙草胺EC、50%敌草胺WDG、960 g/L精异丙甲草胺EC和40%砜吡草唑SC是适宜于鹰嘴豆田土壤处理的除草剂。

Clinical Research of Pre-Hospital Emergency Care, Nursing, Infection Prevention and Control for Senile Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture during Epidemic Period

Background: Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) and osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) are the high incidences of diseases in the elderly. During the epidemic period, if not treated in time, the complications are high and the mortality is high. If we do not pay attention to infection prevention and control in pre-hospital emergency care, it will lead to the first time infection of medical staff and in-hospital cross infection in emergency outpatient receiving area. The correct consideration of both and the establishment of perfect pre-hospital emergency treatment and infection prevention and control synchronous strategy is an important premise to ensure the stable, orderly and safe medical treatment. Objective: To explore the effect of synchronous implementation of pre-hospital emergency care, nursing and infection pre-vention and control for senile OVCF during the epidemic. In order to improve the efficiency of pre-hospital emergency care and prevent the spread of infection. Method: A total of 92 elderly patients with OVCF who received pre-hospital treatment in 18 hospitals in Zhangjiakou City during the epidemic prevention and control period from January 2020 to November 2022 and met the inclusion criteria were selected as research objects, including 24 males and 68 females, aged 65 - 82 (74.2 ± 2.2) years. All patients were associated with concomitant injuries and underlying diseases. All patients in this group underwent predictive pre-hospital rescue and infection prevention and control procedures. Results: All the 92 elderly patients with OVCF received timely pre-hospital treatment during the epidemic period, and no aggravation occurred of the 92 patients, 35 were in the high risk area, 10 were in the medium risk area, and 47 were in the low risk area. Exclude OVCF for NCP Patients were treated according to the conventional diagnosis and treatment principles. Suspected and confirmed cases are transferred to designated surgical hospitals for treatment. All patients were followed up 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after treatment. There was no death rate, high satisfaction of pre-hospital first aid, high diagnostic accuracy, and good curative effect. None of the rescue personnel had any infection rate, and no hospital infection transmission and nosocomial cross infection occurred. Conclusion: It is the first step to safely treat patients and prevent cross infection to establish a perfect synchronous strategy of pre-hospital first aid and infection prevention and control.

What we have learned from randomized trials of prostate cancer screening

The introduction of prostate-specific antigen （PSA） for prostate cancer screening in the late 1980s led to an epidemic of prostate cancer, particularly in developed countries. However, the first valid reports from randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of screening were not published until 2009. Men in the screening group in the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer were 20% less likely than those in the control group to die from prostate cancer. The absolute difference was only 0.7/1000, implying that over 1400 men needed to be screened to prevent one prostate cancer death. Screening was also associated with a 70% increased risk for being diagnosed with prostate cancer. The American Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial found no survival benefit for screening. Results were not conclusive because a substantial proportion of study subjects had previously undergone PSA testing, over half of the control group had PSA testing, follow-up was relatively short, and fewer than 100 subjects died from prostate cancer. Balancing the potential survival benefit from screening is the risk of overdiagnosis--finding cancers that would not otherwise cause clinical problems^and the risk of treatment complications, including urinary, sexual and bowel dysfunction. Prostate cancer screening efforts would benefit from improved biomarkers, which more readily identify clinically important cancers. Cancer control efforts might also need to include chemoprevention, though currently available agents are controversial. In the meantime, oatients need to be supoorted in achievine informed decisions on whether to be screened for orostate cancer.

A Case-control Study on High-risk Factors for Newborn Hearing Loss in Seven Cities of Shandong Province

To investigate the high-risk factors for newborn hearing loss and to provide information for preventing the development of hearing loss and delaying its progression, from May 2003 to June 2006, neonates who failed to pass the universal newborn hearing screening （UNHS） were referred to Jinan Newborn Hearing Screening and Rehabilitation Center from 7 newborn hearing screening centers in seven cities of Shandong province. One-to-one pair-matched case-control method was employed for statistical analysis of the basic features of definitely identified cases. High-risk factors relating to the bilateral hearing loss were evaluated by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Our results revealed that 721 transferred newborns who didn＇t pass the heating screening received audiological and medical evaluation and 367 were confirmed to have hearing loss. Of them, 177 neonates with hearing loss who met the matching requirements were included in the study as subjects. Univariate analysis showed that high-risk factors related to hearing loss incuded age of father, education backgrounds of parents, parity, birth weight, gestational weeks, craniofacial deformity, history of receiving treatment in neonatal intensive care unit （NICU）, neonatal disease, family history of otopathy and family history of congenital hearing loss. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that 4 independent risk factors were related to bilateral hearing loss, including parity （OR=16.285, 95% CI 3.379--78,481）, neonatal disease （OR=34;968, 95% CI 2.720 449.534）, family history of congenital hearing loss （OR=69.488, 95% CI 4.417--1093.300） and birth weight （OR=0.241, 95% CI 0.090--0.648）. It is concluded that parity, neonatal disease and family history of heating loss are the promoting factors of bilateral hearing loss in neonates and appropriate intervention measures should be taken to deal with the risk factors.

基于高分子材质的L型城市应急防洪屏受力分析

国内关于高分子材质城市内涝应急防御装备的研究较为少见。采用水槽试验与流固耦合数值仿真相结合的方法,对城市应急防洪屏(以下简称“防洪屏”)的结构受力特性展开研究。结果表明,数值仿真模拟与试验结果吻合较好。随着水深和流速的增大,防洪屏的应力和变形逐渐增大,最大应力位于防洪屏的踵部,最大变形位于挡水面顶部两侧。防洪屏的结构受力系数随着来流弗劳德数的增大快速衰减,当弗劳德数大于0.15后,结构受力系数趋于定值;相对于惯性力,防洪屏承受最大应力的影响因素主要是重力。研究结果可为防洪屏的进一步优化设计提供参考。

生防真菌T1-3的筛选、鉴定及对灰葡萄孢菌的拮抗作用研究

为筛选能拮抗灰葡萄孢菌的真菌菌株作为灰霉病生物防治的菌株资源储备,从番茄的根际土壤中筛选得到一株对灰葡萄孢菌具有拮抗作用的真菌,通过形态学和分子生物学对其进行了鉴定,并对其拮抗机制进行了研究.结果表明,菌株T1-3为一株长枝木霉(Trichoderma longibrachiatum),其生长速率较病原菌快,对病原菌的抑菌率为87.75%;其无菌发酵滤液对病原菌的抑制率为84.75%,另对病原菌孢子萌发抑制率为80.51%,具有明显的抑制作用;且菌株T1-3生长过程中能够产生果胶酶和淀粉酶.长枝木霉T1-3具有良好的生防潜力和应用前景.

甘薯茎腐病室内药剂筛选及田间防治效果评估

通过室内毒力测定及大田试验进行药剂筛选,筛选出对甘薯茎腐病的有效防控药剂,以期为甘薯茎腐病的防治提供新的途径。采用含毒介质法中的最低抑制浓度法,对19种药剂进行室内毒力测定,并在此基础上选取6种防治效果较好的药剂开展田间防治试验。结果表明,室内毒力测定中溴硝醇的抑菌效果最强,抑菌最低有效浓度为4.69 mg·L^(-1),其次为噻霉酮、中生菌素、春雷霉素(加收米)、土霉素、硫酸链霉素、春雷·噻唑锌,抑菌最低有效浓度分别为7.50、18.25、28.13、37.50、75.00、150.00 mg·L^(-1)。大田试验选取的6种药剂中,春雷·噻唑锌的防治效果最佳,可达82.16%,其次噻霉酮、中生菌素、溴硝醇和春雷·中生的防治效果分别为79.55%、77.18%、76.56%、75.02%,均可作为田间甘薯茎腐病的有效防控药剂。