Colorectal cancer screening: Modalities and adherence

In the last decade,several studies have explored various modalities and strategies for colorectal cancer(CRC)screening,taking into account epidemiological data,individual characteristics,and socioeconomic factors.In this editorial,we comment further on a retrospective study by Agatsuma et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology.Our focus is on screening trends,particularly in relation to efforts to improve the currently suboptimal uptake among the general population worldwide,aiming to enhance early diagnosis rates of CRC.There is a need to raise awareness through health edu-cation programs and to consider the use of readily available,non-invasive screening methods.These strategies are crucial for attracting screen-eligible populations to participate in first-line screening,especially those in high-or average-risk groups and in regions with limited resources.Liquid biopsies and biomarkers represent rapidly evolving trends in screening and diagnosis;however,their clinical relevance has yet to be standardized.

Development and validation of a prediction model for early screening of people at high risk for colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a serious threat worldwide.Although early screening is suggested to be the most effective method to prevent and control CRC,the current situation of early screening for CRC is still not optimistic.In China,the incidence of CRC in the Yangtze River Delta region is increasing dramatically,but few studies have been conducted.Therefore,it is necessary to develop a simple and efficient early screening model for CRC.AIM To develop and validate an early-screening nomogram model to identify individuals at high risk of CRC.METHODS Data of 64448 participants obtained from Ningbo Hospital,China between 2014 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.The cohort comprised 64448 individuals,of which,530 were excluded due to missing or incorrect data.Of 63918,7607(11.9%)individuals were considered to be high risk for CRC,and 56311(88.1%)were not.The participants were randomly allocated to a training set(44743)or validation set(19175).The discriminatory ability,predictive accuracy,and clinical utility of the model were evaluated by constructing and analyzing receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves and calibration curves and by decision curve analysis.Finally,the model was validated internally using a bootstrap resampling technique.RESULTS Seven variables,including demographic,lifestyle,and family history information,were examined.Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that age[odds ratio(OR):1.03,95%confidence interval(CI):1.02-1.03,P<0.001],body mass index(BMI)(OR:1.07,95%CI:1.06-1.08,P<0.001),waist circumference(WC)(OR:1.03,95%CI:1.02-1.03 P<0.001),lifestyle(OR:0.45,95%CI:0.42-0.48,P<0.001),and family history(OR:4.28,95%CI:4.04-4.54,P<0.001)were the most significant predictors of high-risk CRC.Healthy lifestyle was a protective factor,whereas family history was the most significant risk factor.The area under the curve was 0.734(95%CI:0.723-0.745)for the final validation set ROC curve and 0.735(95%CI:0.728-0.742)for the training set ROC curve.The calibration curve demonstrated a high correlation between the CRC high-risk population predicted by the nomogram model and the actual CRC high-risk population.CONCLUSION The early-screening nomogram model for CRC prediction in high-risk populations developed in this study based on age,BMI,WC,lifestyle,and family history exhibited high accuracy.

Cost-benefit analysis of esophageal cancer endoscopic screening in high-risk areas of China

AIM:To estimate the cost-benefit of endoscopic screening strategies of esophageal cancer(EC)in high-risk areas of China. METHODS:Markov model-based analyses were conducted to compare the net present values(NPVs)and the benefit-cost ratios(BCRs)of 12 EC endoscopic screening strategies.Strategies varied according to the targeted screening age,screening frequencies,and follow-up intervals.Model parameters were collected from population-based studies in China,published literatures,and surveillance data. RESULTS:Compared with non-screening outcomes,all strategies with hypothetical 100 000 subjects saved life years.Among five dominant strategies determined by the incremental cost-effectiveness analysis,screening once at age 50 years incurred the lowest NPV(international dollar-I$55 million)and BCR(2.52).Screening six times between 40-70 years at a 5-year interval[i.e., six times(40)f-strategy]yielded the highest NPV(I$99 million)and BCR(3.06).Compared with six times(40)fstrategy,screening thrice between 40-70 years at a 10-year interval resulted in relatively lower NPV,but the same BCR. CONCLUSION:EC endoscopic screening is cost-beneficial in high-risk areas of China.Policy-makers should consider the cost-benefit,population acceptance,and local economic status when choosing suitable screening strategies.

Methods and outcomes of screening for pancreatic adenocarcinoma in high-risk individuals

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) is a lethal neoplasia, for which secondary prevention(i.e., screening) is advisable for high-risk individuals with "familiar pancreatic cancer" and with other specific genetic syndromes(Peutz-Jeghers, p16, BRCA2, PALB and mismatch repair gene mutation carriers). There is limited evidence regarding the accuracy of screening tests, their acceptability, costs and availability, and agreement on whom to treat. Successful target of screening are small resectable PDAC, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms with high-grade dysplasia and advanced pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Both magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) are employed for screening, and the overall yield for pre-malignant or malignant pancreatic lesions is of about 20% with EUS and 14% with MRI/magnetic resonance colangiopancreatography. EUS performs better for solid and MRI for cystic lesions. However, only 2% of these detected lesions can be considered a successful target, and there are insufficient data demonstrating that resection of benign or low grade lesions improves survival. Many patients in the published studies therefore seemed to have received an overtreatment by undergoing surgery. It is crucial to better stratify the risk of malignancy individually, and to better define optimal screening intervals and methods either with computerized tools or molecular biomarkers, possibly in large multicentre studies. At the moment, screening should be carefully performed within research protocols at experienced centres, offering involved individuals medical and psychological advice.

Seroprevalence of <i>Brucella</i>Antibodies and Risk Factors Associated with Human Brucellosis in High-Risk Occupational Groups of the Noun Division in the West Region of Cameroon

Brucellosis is an anthropozoonotic disease with an important public health impact. Although the transmission of Brucella from animals to humans can occur in different epidemiological settings of sub-Saharan African countries, little data has been published on human brucellosis. This study aimed to detect Brucella antibodies and the risk factors associated to brucellosis among high-risk occupational groups of people in the Noun Division of Cameroon. For this study, a structured questionnaire was used to assess risk factors associated with human brucellosis. Thereafter, blood samples were collected from high-risk occupational groups of people in four villages. Plasma was extracted from each sample and Brucella antibodies were detected using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (i-ELISA). Of the 273 participants enrolled, the overall seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies was 12.45% with RBPT and 10.26% with i-ELISA test. This seroprevalence was significantly (P = 0.04;X2 = 9.73) higher among livestock herdsmen (15.8%), slaughterhouse workers (9.8%), butchers (4.8%), participants having no educational level (14.3%) and those experiencing above 5 years of risky activity (15%). Raw milk consumption (OR: 4.8;P = 0.001), no formal education (OR: 6.4;P = 0.03) and assistance of animal during parturition (OR: 7.2;P < 0.0001) appeared as factors that may increase the risk of Brucella infections. The detection of Brucella antibodies indicates the risk of human brucellosis in some groups of people of the Noun division. Consuming unpasteurized milk, participating in parturition and lacking knowledge on brucellosis appeared as risk factors associated with human brucellosis in western Cameroon. It raises the need of developing and implementing control measures for human and animal brucellosis.

Trends in high-risk rates and screening rates for the population-based cancer screening program on esophageal,stomach and liver cancer in China,2010-2016

Background:A population-based cancer screening program in rural China,targeting three types of cancer that are most prevalent in these areas,including esophageal,stomach,and liver cancer was awarded by the government in China since 2007.A two-step design with cancer risk assessment based on questionnaire interview and HBsAg test strip and subsequent clinical intervention for high-risk populations was adopted with free of charge at the local hospitals designated in the program.The participate rate including high-risk rates and screening rates was important to find appropriate strategies to improve the overall awareness of the program.Methods:Data from the cancer screening program between 2010 and 2016 were used to calculate higher rate(high-risk population/participants recruited)and screening rate(participants received screening/high-risk pop-ulation).Results:From 2010 to 2016,1,637,429 residents were recruited in the program and filled the questionnaires,350,646(21.4%)for esophagus cancer,273,715(16.7%)for stomach cancer and 1,013,068(61.9%)for liver can-cer.471,974 participants were assessed as high-risk population including 114,786(24.3%)high risk for esophagus cancer,161,809(34.3%)high risk for stomach cancer and 195,379(41.4%)high risk for liver cancer,respec-tively.249,185(52.8%)participants who were assessed as high risk received clinical screening.There were 64,710(26.0%)for esophagus cancer screening,71,365(28.6%)for stomach cancer screening and 113,110(45.4%)for liver cancer screening,respectively.Conclusion:Our findings will provide important references for designing effective population-based screening strategies to enhance the screening acceptance by health action plan in the future.

Screening Breakdown for Finite-Range Gravitational Field and the Motion of Galaxies in the Local Group

The lack of Birkhoff theorem in finite-range gravitation reveals nonzero acceleration of the test body inside the massive spherical shell, as well as breakdown of screening inside the charged conductor gives rise to acceleration of the test charge. An application of this effect to the motion of galaxies in Local Group allows to constraint quintessence parameter in some massive gravitational theories.

EPIDEMIC STRENGTH OF CARDIA AND DISTANT STOMACH CANCER IN THE HIGH RISK REGION OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER AND THEIR IMPLICATION TO EDOSCOPIC SCREENING

Objective： To discuss the epidemic strength of cardia and distant stomach cancers in the high risk region of esophageal cancer along the south Taihang mountain such as in Shexian, Linxian, and Cixian Counties, and to clarify the tasks for the control of upper gastrointestinal tract cancer as a whole in the region. Methods： Comparisons of incidence and mortality rates of esophageal, cardia and stomach cancers were made between Cixian, Linxian and Shexian Counties with reference to detection rates of cancer in situ and precancerous lesions of the three upper gastrointestinal cancers by endoscopic screening. The screening was performed from 1999 through 2004 in the three adjacent counties including a total of 6233 local residents aged 40 to 69 years old. Results： The incidence rates for cardia cancer for the male and female from 2000 through 2004 were 69.9 and 41.5, and the mortality rates were 54.3 and 33.2 respectively in Shexian County. Esophageal, cardia, and stomach cancers constitute about 70～80 percent of all malignant disease by incidence or mortality rates. Endoscopic survey with iodine staining can effectively detect squamous cell precancerous lesions in the esophagus, but the method is inadequate for the detection of adeno precancerous lesions of the cardia and stomach. Conclusion： The south Taihang mountain region is a high risk area not only for esophagus cancer, but also for cardia and stomach cancers. To control upper gastrointestinal tract cancers as a whole in the region, special attention should be paid to the control of cardia and stomach cancers. Presently, to find effective screening methods for detecting cardia and stomach precancerous lesions is especially important.

Cost estimation and control of colorectal cancer screening

Objective:The aim of our study was to estimate the cost of colorectal cancer screening and to provide evidence for the cost control of colorectal cancer screening among general population in rural area of China.Methods:We determined the net cost for colorectal cancer mass-screening in Jiashan County,and evaluated the cost-benefit and cost effectiveness.Results:The compliance rate of primary screening and intensive screening were 84.6% and 78.7%,respectively.In primary screening,the average cost for each individual was 27.2 yuan,and the average cost for identifying one high-risk individual was 180.5 yuan.The mean cost to diagnose one colorectal cancer patient was 42963.3 yuan.As for identification of adenoma,the average cost for each case was 4384.0 yuan.Based on the calculation,the average cost of reducing one colorectal cancer patient was 12768 yuan by conducting the mass-screening protocol.Conclusion:It was beneficial to do the cost-benefit analysis of colorectal cancer screening in area of high incidence.Based on the results of cost-benefit analysis,more efforts should be made to reduce the cost and to improve the efficiency of the colorectal cancer screening.

Psychological effects of colorectal cancer screening: Participants vs individuals not invited

AIM To investigate the possible long-term psychological harm of participating in colorectal cancer(CRC)screening in Norway.METHODS In a prospective, randomized trial, 14294 participants(aged 50-74 years) were invited to either flexible sigmoidoscopy(FS) screening, or a faecal immunochemical test(FIT)(1:1). In total, 4422 screening participants(32%) completed the questionnaire, which consisted of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the SF-12, a generic health-related quality of life(HRQOL) measurement, when invited to screening and one year after the invitation. A control group of 7650 individuals was invited to complete the questionnaire only, at baseline and one year after, and 1911(25%) completed the questionnaires.RESULTS Receiving a positive or negative screening result and participating in the two different screening modalities did not cause clinically relevant mean changes in anxiety, depression or HRQOL after one year. FS screening, but not FIT, was associated with an increased probability of being an anxiety case(score ≥ 8) at the one-year follow-up(5.6% of FS participants transitioned from being not anxious to anxious, while 3.0% experienced the reverse). This increase was moderately significantly different from the changes in the control group(in which the corresponding numbers were 4.8% and 4.5%, respectively), P = 0.06. CONCLUSION Most individuals do not experience psychological effects of CRC screening participation after one year, while FS participation is associated with increased anxiety for a smaller group.

Large Population Screening Identified the Main Risk Factors of Stroke in Shashi District of Jingzhou City

Objective: This paper aims to screen and analyze the current status of high-risk stroke patients in Shashi District of Jingzhou City and the exposure levels of related risk factors, and provides suggestions as the references for prevention and treatment of stroke. Methods: Using cluster sampling, on-site investigations were conducted on 1060 permanent residents aged 40 years and over at 3 townships and 2 communities in Shashi District of Jingzhou City from January 2018 to December 2018. Risk assessment of stroke is based on the stroke risk screening form. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 22.0 software. Results: After making a stroke risk assessment, a total of 313 high-risk stroke patients were screened, and the detection rate was 29.53%. The exposure rate of risk factors from high to low was hypertension (70.93%), dyslipidemia (46.33%), less physical exercise (46.01%), diabetes (36.10%), overweight (33.55%), smoking (33.23%), family history of stroke (24.92%), atrial fibrillation or valvular heart disease (7.35%). There are statistically significant differences among all risk factors between the high-risk group and middle and low-risk groups (P Conclusion: The detection rate of high-risk stroke patients in Shashi District of Jingzhou City is high. Hypertension, dyslipidemia and less physical exercise are the main risk factors of stroke occurrence and recurrence in the region. The prevention and treatment of risk factors for stroke should be strengthened to control the incidence and recurrence rate of stroke.

Smoking and genital human papilloma virus infection in women attending cervical cancer screening in Greece

AIM: To investigate whether smoking is associated with human papilloma virus(HPV) infection. METHODS: HPV infection is considered to be a neces-sary condition for cervical cancer development. The study population included 1291 women, aged 25-55 years, attending cervical cancer screening. All women had a Papanicolaou(Pap) test, with liquid-based cytology(Thinprep), an HPV-DNA test and an evaluation of smoking habits. The COBAS 4800 system was used for HPV-DNA testing, enabling identifi cation of the following high-risk HPV(hr HPV)-types: each of HPVs 16 and 18 separately, and HPVs 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68 as a cocktail. The evaluation of smoking habits was assessed using the smoking intensity index(SII), a variable formed as the product of cigarettes consumed per day by the days(years × 365) that a woman was a smoker, divided by 1000. RESULTS: There were 136 smokers among 238 women tested positive for hr HPV-types(HPVs 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and/or 68), and 463 smokers among 1053 hr HPV-negative women(OR = 1.7, P < 0.001). This association was attributed to the youngest age group of women, aged 25-34 years(OR = 2.3, P < 0.001), while there was no association in other age groups. The intensity of smoking(increasing SII) showed no statistically signifi cant association with hr HPV infection. Cervical infection with HPV 16 and/or HPV 18 was also not associated with age or smoking habits. Finally, no association was found between Pap test status and smoking habits or smoking intensity. CONCLUSION: Smoking appears to be associated with hr HPV infection of the uterine cervix, particularly in younger women. Further studies should investigate whether this association is based on causality and evaluate the role of other possible co-factors.

Evaluation of HPV Molecular Tests in Primary Screening for Cervical Cancer in Brazil

Background: Incorporation of HPV tests into cervical cancer screening programs may be advantageous over conventional cytology, especially in developing nations, where the largest burden of cervical cancer is observed. Objectives: To conduct an evaluation of commercially available molecular HPV tests in Brazilian women. Study design: Two groups were recruited: group A was composed of 511 women referred to the clinics because of a previous abnormal Pap test while group B consisted of 2464 subjects under routine screening. Cervical samples were collected using SurePath liquid cytology (LBC) device, and split into aliquots which were submitted to molecular testing by Hybrid Capture and cobas HPV. Colposcopy and biopsies were made according to the standard guidelines, directed by cytological diagnosis. Results: Prevalence of HSIL was 5.97% and 0.7% in Group A and B respectively. High-Risk HPV DNA was found in about 9% of group B women, while in group A this frequency was 24%. Having CIN3+ as the study end-point, the negative predictive values for molecular methods were above 99.8%. All “in-situ” and invasive cervical carcinomas were detected by both HPV nucleic acid assays. Conclusion: Use of HPV DNA testing was feasible and highly sensitive in cancer screening settings of Brazil.

Veken Group: Expanding in the Field of Mid/High Silk Screen Industry

On September 10th, 2007, the Ningbo Veken Group signed a cooperation contract with Japan KB Tsuzuki Co., Ltd on silk screen program, signing a big step into the top-class silk

Who to screen and how to screen for celiac disease

Celiac disease(CeD)is a chronic gluten-induced enteropathy with plethoric manifestations.The typical manifestations of CeD such as chronic diarrhea and malabsorption are widely recognized,however,many patients have atypical manifestations like iron deficiency anemia,idiopathic short stature,hypertransaminesemia or infertility,etc.These patients often present to the primary care physicians and/or non-gastrointestinal specialties.However,due to a lack of awareness among the healthcare professionals about the various atypical manifestations,many patients are not screened for CeD.In this review,we have summarized the available literature about the prevalence of CeD in various gastrointestinal(chronic diarrhea)and non-gastrointestinal conditions(iron deficiency anemia,short stature,cryptogenic hypertransaminesemia,cryptogenic cirrhosis or idiopathic ataxia etc.)where the diagnosis of CeD should be considered.In addition,we also discuss special scenarios where screening for CeD should be considered even in absence of symptoms such as patients with type 1 diabetes,Down’s syndrome,and first-degree relatives of patients with CeD.Further,we discuss the diagnostic performance and limitations of various screening tests for CeD such as IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies,antiendomysial antibodies and anti-deamidated gliadin antibodies.Based on the current recommendations,we propose a diagnostic algorithm for patients with suspected CeD.

A Case-control Study on High-risk Factors for Newborn Hearing Loss in Seven Cities of Shandong Province

To investigate the high-risk factors for newborn hearing loss and to provide information for preventing the development of hearing loss and delaying its progression, from May 2003 to June 2006, neonates who failed to pass the universal newborn hearing screening （UNHS） were referred to Jinan Newborn Hearing Screening and Rehabilitation Center from 7 newborn hearing screening centers in seven cities of Shandong province. One-to-one pair-matched case-control method was employed for statistical analysis of the basic features of definitely identified cases. High-risk factors relating to the bilateral hearing loss were evaluated by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Our results revealed that 721 transferred newborns who didn＇t pass the heating screening received audiological and medical evaluation and 367 were confirmed to have hearing loss. Of them, 177 neonates with hearing loss who met the matching requirements were included in the study as subjects. Univariate analysis showed that high-risk factors related to hearing loss incuded age of father, education backgrounds of parents, parity, birth weight, gestational weeks, craniofacial deformity, history of receiving treatment in neonatal intensive care unit （NICU）, neonatal disease, family history of otopathy and family history of congenital hearing loss. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that 4 independent risk factors were related to bilateral hearing loss, including parity （OR=16.285, 95% CI 3.379--78,481）, neonatal disease （OR=34;968, 95% CI 2.720 449.534）, family history of congenital hearing loss （OR=69.488, 95% CI 4.417--1093.300） and birth weight （OR=0.241, 95% CI 0.090--0.648）. It is concluded that parity, neonatal disease and family history of heating loss are the promoting factors of bilateral hearing loss in neonates and appropriate intervention measures should be taken to deal with the risk factors.

Protocol for a Diagnostic Accuracy Study of Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detecting Group B <i>Streptococcus</i>Colonisation in Early Labour or with Spontaneous Ruptured Membranes

Background: Group B Streptococcus [GBS] is a bacterium which transiently colonises the genital tract and can be transmitted from mother to baby at birth. Babies colonised with GBS can develop early-onset group B streptococcus disease [EOGBSD] which can lead to extended hospital stay, disability and death. One of the primary methods for determining which women are most likely to be GBS positive at the time of birth is antenatal universal culture-based screening. Recently Polymerase Chain Reaction [PCR] screening has emerged as a point-of-care method for screening women during the intrapartum period. This study will compare the diagnostic accuracy of this new technology and antenatal culture-based screening at 35 to 37 weeks gestational age, with the reference standard of formal culture-based testing in labour. Methods: This prospective observational study will take place in an Australian hospital. Consecutive women with one or more live fetuses, intending to have a vaginal birth will be asked to participate. Planned screening for GBS colonisation using microbiological culture on a self-collected specimen will occur at 35 to 37 completed weeks gestational age as per our usual hospital policy. A PCR GBS test by Xpert GBS (Cepheid) will be performed on admission to labour ward or at the time of rupture of membranes. The reference standard will be a formal GBS culture on a combined lower vaginal and perianal swab. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios will be estimated for both antenatal screening and the intrapartum Xpert GBS (Cepheid) point-of-care test and compared to the reference standard. Results: It is expected that the study will be completed by mid to late 2020. Conclusion: This study has the potential to improve the accuracy of GBS screening of pregnant women and therefore health outcomes for mothers and babies. There is also the potential for a cost savings to the health system.

改进YOLOv8n的花生品质检测方法

花生品质筛选在农业生产和食品安全中具有重要意义。针对传统花生品质筛选方法效率低的问题,提出改进YOLOv8n算法的轻量化花生品质检测模型LE-YOLO(lightweight and efficient)。提出一种分组重序颈部模块(grouped shuffling bottleneck,GSBottleneck),增加了模型非线性拟合能力,减少了模型推理时间;设计了残差分组重序模块(residual group shuffling block,ResGSBlock),并结合GSConv(grouped shuffle convolution)构建轻量颈部网络(lightweight neck,LW-Neck),减少了模型计算成本,提升了模型推理速度;提出自适应特征优化模块(adaptive feature optimization block,AFOB),增强了通道间信息交互和模型表征能力。在DW花生数据集上进行实验验证,相较于YOLOv8n算法,LE-YOLO的计算量减少了1 GFlops,FPS提升了25%,平均精度均值mAP@0.5达到了98%,验证了该算法在检测精度和速度上的良好性能,为花生品质筛选提供了一种有效的方法。

2012~2021年四川成都某医院临床患者血型意外抗体筛查结果与疾病类型分析

目的对某院住院患者血型意外抗体与疾病特征进行分析,为优化精准输血方案和提高临床输血安全提供参考。方法收集2012年1月~2021年12月西部战区总医院患者意外抗体筛查和鉴定资料,患者年龄、性别、输血史、妊娠史和疾病诊断,分析意外抗体阳性率、构成比及疾病特征。结果患者意外抗体筛查阳性率0.55%(1736/315456),女性高于男性(0.69%vs 0.44%,χ^(2)=90.107,P<0.05),有输血史或(和)妊娠史患者高于无输血史或(和)妊娠史者(75.69%vs 22.81%,χ^(2)=971.098,P<0.05),40~80岁患者占72.93%(1266/1736)。意外抗体阳性患者主要为消化系统疾病、血液及造血器官免疫疾病、肿瘤、泌尿生殖系统疾病、循环系统疾病、肌肉骨骼系统和结缔组织病,占80.41%(1396/1736)。91.88%(1595/1736)抗筛阳性患者做了抗体鉴定,意外抗体以Rh血型系统41.57%(663/1595),Lewis血型系统11.22%(179/1595)和MNS血型系统6.90%(110/1595)为主,抗体特异性以抗-E[32.41%(517/1595)]、抗-Le^(a)[10.47%(167/1595)]和抗-M[6.08%(97/1595)]为主,其他抗体[35.8%(571/1595)]以未检出特异性抗体为主。结论患者血型意外抗体筛查结果与疾病类型分析对输血安全有重要意义,输血科应针对长期输血患者、女性、有妊娠史或输血史患者进行多抗原(Rh Cc DEe,Le^(a),M)匹配的精准输血,降低意外抗体发生率,提高临床输血安全。

不同人群宫颈癌筛查认知及干预研究进展

宫颈癌筛查是我国两癌筛查重点项目之一,人群对于宫颈癌筛查的认知对预防宫颈癌尤其重要。不同女性群体因其自身特点和周围环境等差异,宫颈癌筛查知识认知程度也有所不同。本文就不同人群对宫颈癌筛查相关知识的认知和干预现状相关研究进展进行了综述。