Pacific water exits the Chukchi Sea shelf through Barrow Canyon in the east and Herald Canyon in the west, forming an eastward-directed shelfbreak boundary current that flows into the Beaufort Sea. Here we summarize t...Pacific water exits the Chukchi Sea shelf through Barrow Canyon in the east and Herald Canyon in the west, forming an eastward-directed shelfbreak boundary current that flows into the Beaufort Sea. Here we summarize the transformation that the Pacific water undergoes in the two canyons, and describe the characteristics and variability of the resulting shelfbreak jet, using recently collected summertime hydrographic data and a year-long mooting data set. In both canyons the northward-flowing Pacific winter water switches from the western to the eastern flank of the canyon, interacting with the northward-flowing summer water. In Barrow canyon the vorticity structure of the current is altered, while in Herald canyon a new water mass mode is created. In both instances hydraulic effects are believed to be partly responsible for the observed changes. The shelfl）reak jet that forms from the canyon outflows has distinct seasonal configurations, from a bottom-intensified flow carrying cold, dense Pacific water in spring, to a surface-intensified current advecting warm, buoyant water in summer. The current also varies significantly on short timescales, from less than a day to a week. In fall and winter much of this mesoscale variability is driven by storm events, whose easterly winds reverse the current and cause upwelling. Different types of eddies are spawned from the current, which are characterized here using hydrographic and satellite data.展开更多
基于NOAA和NCEP再分析资料以及CMIP5(coupled model intercomparison project phase5)模式历史试验输出结果,首先评估模式对控制台风强度的大尺度环境因子空间分布的模拟能力,然后在台风主要发展区域,评估模式对环境因子的空间分布和时...基于NOAA和NCEP再分析资料以及CMIP5(coupled model intercomparison project phase5)模式历史试验输出结果,首先评估模式对控制台风强度的大尺度环境因子空间分布的模拟能力,然后在台风主要发展区域,评估模式对环境因子的空间分布和时间变化特征的模拟能力。结果表明:CESM1-BGC,CESM1-CAM5和CNRM-CM5能模拟出观测的海表面温度气候分布和上升特征;CCSM4,CESM1-BGC和CESM1-CAM5能模拟出观测的混合层厚度气候分布和增厚特征;ACCESS1-0,ACCESS1-3,CanESM2和GFDL-ESM2M能模拟出观测流出层温度气候分布和下降特征,但模拟的下降率小。ACCESS1-0,CESM1-CAM5,CNRM-CM5,MPI-ESM-MR和GFDL-ESM2G能模拟出观测垂直风切变的气候分布和趋势特征。综合评估表明CESM1-BGC和CESM1-CAM5可用来研究西北太平洋台风强度的气候变化问题。展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation under grants OPP-0731928 and OPP-0713250.
文摘Pacific water exits the Chukchi Sea shelf through Barrow Canyon in the east and Herald Canyon in the west, forming an eastward-directed shelfbreak boundary current that flows into the Beaufort Sea. Here we summarize the transformation that the Pacific water undergoes in the two canyons, and describe the characteristics and variability of the resulting shelfbreak jet, using recently collected summertime hydrographic data and a year-long mooting data set. In both canyons the northward-flowing Pacific winter water switches from the western to the eastern flank of the canyon, interacting with the northward-flowing summer water. In Barrow canyon the vorticity structure of the current is altered, while in Herald canyon a new water mass mode is created. In both instances hydraulic effects are believed to be partly responsible for the observed changes. The shelfl）reak jet that forms from the canyon outflows has distinct seasonal configurations, from a bottom-intensified flow carrying cold, dense Pacific water in spring, to a surface-intensified current advecting warm, buoyant water in summer. The current also varies significantly on short timescales, from less than a day to a week. In fall and winter much of this mesoscale variability is driven by storm events, whose easterly winds reverse the current and cause upwelling. Different types of eddies are spawned from the current, which are characterized here using hydrographic and satellite data.
文摘基于NOAA和NCEP再分析资料以及CMIP5(coupled model intercomparison project phase5)模式历史试验输出结果,首先评估模式对控制台风强度的大尺度环境因子空间分布的模拟能力,然后在台风主要发展区域,评估模式对环境因子的空间分布和时间变化特征的模拟能力。结果表明:CESM1-BGC,CESM1-CAM5和CNRM-CM5能模拟出观测的海表面温度气候分布和上升特征;CCSM4,CESM1-BGC和CESM1-CAM5能模拟出观测的混合层厚度气候分布和增厚特征;ACCESS1-0,ACCESS1-3,CanESM2和GFDL-ESM2M能模拟出观测流出层温度气候分布和下降特征,但模拟的下降率小。ACCESS1-0,CESM1-CAM5,CNRM-CM5,MPI-ESM-MR和GFDL-ESM2G能模拟出观测垂直风切变的气候分布和趋势特征。综合评估表明CESM1-BGC和CESM1-CAM5可用来研究西北太平洋台风强度的气候变化问题。
