Seal Vector~防伪码在药品防伪包装中的应用

假冒药品带来的伤害极大，不仅会对患者的健康造成危害，还会使制药企业的品牌信誉和经济利益遭到损坏。可以说，不论处于什么时代，假冒药品最不可容忍。那么，

Sealing capacity evaluation of underground gas storage under intricate geological conditions

Evaluating underground gas storage(UGS)sealing capacity is essential for its safe construction and operational efficiency.This involves evaluating both the static sealing capacity of traps during hydrocarbon accumulation and the dynamic sealing capacity of UGS under intensive gas injection and withdrawal,and alternating loads.This study detailed the methodology developed by Sinopec.The approach merges disciplines like geology,geomechanics,and hydrodynamics,employing both dynamic-static and qualitative-quantitative analyses.Sinopec's evaluation methods,grounded in the in situ stress analysis,include mechanistic studies,laboratory tests,geological surveys,stress analysis,and fluid-solid interactions.Through tests on the static and dynamic sealing capacity of UGS,alongside investigations into sealing mechanisms and the geological and geomechanical properties of cap rocks and faults,A geomechanics-rock damage-seepage mechanics dynamic coupling analysis method has been developed to predict in situ stress variations relative to pore pressure changes during UGS operations and evaluate fault sealing capacity and cap rock integrity,thereby setting the maximum operational pressures.Utilizing this evaluation technique,Sinopec has defined performance metrics and criteria for evaluating the sealing capacity of depleted gas reservoirs,enabling preliminary sealing capacity evaluations at UGS sites.These evaluations have significantly informed the design of UGS construction schemes and the evaluation of fault sealing capacity and cap rock integrity during UGS operations.

Interfacial friction effects on sealing performances of elastomer packer

Elastomer sealing performance is of critical importance for downhole tools application including the use of fracturing(Frac)plugs during multi-stage hydraulic fracking.In practice sealing performances of such plugs are normally evaluated through pressure tests,and in numerical simulation studies,maximum contact stress,average contact stress and contact length data are used to determine sealing quality between a packer and casing.In previous studies,the impact of friction forces on sealing performance is often overlooked.This work aims to fill this knowledge gap in determining the influence of friction forces on elastomer packer sealing performances.We first determined the most appropriate constitutive hyperelastic model for the elastomers used in frac plug.Then we compared analytical calculation results with Finite Element Analysis simulation using a simplified tubular geometry and showed the significant influences on interfacial friction on elastomer packer stress distribution,deformation,and contact stress after setting.With the demonstration of validity of FEA method,we conducted systematic numerical simulation studies to show how the interfacial friction coefficients can affect the maximum contact stress,average contact stress,contact stress distribution,and maximum mises stress for an actual packer used in plug products.In addition,we also demonstrated how the groove in a packer can affect packer deformation and evolvement during setting with the consideration of interfacial stress.This study underscores the critical role that friction forces play in Frac plug performance and provides a new dimension for optimizing packer design by controlling interfacial interactions at the packer contact surfaces.

Evolution and Application of Sealing Ability of Gypsum Caprocks under Temperature-Pressure Coupling:An Example of the ZS5 Well in the Tazhong Area of the Tarim Basin

Gypsum caprocks'sealing ability is affected by temperature-pressure coupling.Due to the limitations of experimental conditions,there is still a lack of triaxial stress-strain experiments that simultaneously consider changes in temperature and pressure conditions,which limits the accuracy of the comprehensive evaluation of the brittle plastic evolution and sealing ability of gypsum rocks using temperature pressure coupling.Triaxial stress-strain tests were utilized to investigate the differences in the evolution of the confinement capacity of gypsum rocks under coupled temperaturepressure action and isothermal-variable pressure action on the basis of sample feasibility analysis.According to research,the gypsum rock's peak and residual strengths decrease under simultaneous increases in temperature and pressure over isothermal pressurization experimental conditions,and it becomes more ductile.This reduces the amount of time it takes for the rock to transition from brittle to plastic.When temperature is taken into account,both the brittle–plastic transformation's depth limit and the lithological transformation of gypsum rocks become shallower,and the evolution of gypsum rocks under variable temperature and pressure conditions is more complicated than that under isothermal pressurization.The sealing ability under the temperature-pressure coupling is more in line with the actual geological context when the application results of the Well#ZS5 are compared.This provides a theoretical basis for precisely determining the process of hydrocarbon accumulation and explains why the early hydrocarbon were not well preserved.

Fracture sealing performance of granular lost circulation materials at elevated temperature:A theoretical and coupled CFD-DEM simulation study

Lost circulation is a common downhole problem of drilling in geothermal and high-temperature,high-pressure(HTHP)formations.Lost circulation material(LCM)is a regular preventive and remedial measure for lost circulation.However,conventional LCMs seem ineffective in high-temperature formations.This may be due to the changes in the mechanical properties of LCMs and their sealing performance under high-temperature conditions.To understand how high temperature affects the fracture sealing performance of LCMs,we developed a coupled computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method(CFD-DEM)model to simulate the behavior of granular LCMs in fractures.We summarized the literature on the effects of high temperature on the mechanical properties of LCMs and the rheological properties of drilling fluid.We conducted sensitivity analyses to investigate how changing LCM slurry properties affected the fracture sealing efficiency at increasing temperatures.The results show that high temperature reduces the size,strength,and friction coefficient of LCMs as well as the drilling fluid viscosity.Smaller,softer,and less frictional LCM particles have lower bridging probability and slower bridging initiation.Smaller particles tend to form dual-particle bridges rather than single-particle bridges.These result in a deeper,tighter,but unstable sealing zone.Reduced drilling fluid viscosity leads to faster and shallower sealing zones.

Dynamic evaluation on sealing capacity of caprocks of the Meso-Neoproterozoic reservoirs in Ordos Basin,China

The Meso-Neoproterozoic is a new play in the Ordos Basin.A deeper understanding about the dynamic relationship between the caprocks and the source rocks is needed.Based on the comprehensive analysis of hydrocarbon source development characteristics of the Meso-Neoproterozoic and its overlying strata,as well as the formation contact relationships,lithology characteristics and exploratory drilling data,it is recognized that the Meso-Neoproterozoic contains two types of petroleum accumulation assemblage,that is,the“self-sourced indigenous”and“upper source rock-lower reservoir”assemblages.The former is mainly controlled by the development and distribution of source rocks of the Changcheng System,with the Lower Cambrian shale sequence as its caprock.The later is controlled by the superposition between the Meso-Neoproterozoic and its overlying source rocks and this assemblage is mainly distributed in Hangjinqi and Pingliang areas with the Carboniferous-Permian shale sequence as its caprock.The dynamic evaluation on the displacement pressure serves to reconstruct the displacement pressure history of the caprock.The results show that the shale sequence of the Cambrian Maozhuang Formation in well XY 1 in the southern Ordos Basin has possibly acquired the ability of sealing natural gas since the early of Late Triassic.Its displacement pressure increased rapidly up to 20 MPa during the Late Triassic-Jurassic and keeps at 9.2 MPa at present,indicating fair sealing ability.The Carboniferous-Permian caprocks in Hangjinqi area could have acquired the ability to seal natural gas in the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous,and the present-day displacement pressure is 9e12 MPa,indicating good sealing ability.The upper Paleozoic caprock in Pingliang area has been able to seal natural gas since the Early Jurassic,with a maximum displacement pressure of 23 MPa during the Cretaceous period and a current value of 17 e20 MPa,indicative of strong ability to seal natural gas.The sealing ability of caprocks of both the“selfsourced indigenous”and“upper source rock-lower reservoir”assemblages has come into being earlier than or at least no later than the peak gas generation of the source rocks and therefore the caprocks are dynamically effective in geohistory.The Meso-Neoproterozoic reservoirs in the Ordos Basin are well preserved and probabally of better potential for exploration in terms of the caprock-source rock combination.

Evaluation of the dynamic sealing performance of cap rocks of underground gas storage under multi-cycle alternating loads

The static sealing of underground gas storage(UGS),including the integrity of cap rocks and the stability of faults,is analyzed from a macro perspective using a comprehensive geological evaluation method.Changes in pore structure,permeability,and mechanical strength of cap rocks under cyclic loads may impact the rock sealing integrity during the injection and recovery phases of UGS.In this work,the mechanical deformation and failure tests of rocks,as well as rock damage tests under alternating loads,are conducted to analyze the changes in the strength and permeability of rocks under multiple-cycle intense injection and recovery of UGS.Additionally,this study proposes an evaluation method for the dynamic sealing performance of UGS cap rocks under multi-cycle alternating loads.The findings suggest that the failure strength(70%)can be used as the critical value for rock failure,thus providing theoretical support for determining the upper limit of operating pressure and the number of injection-recovery cycles for the safe operation of a UGS system.

Study on Sealing Characteristics of Sliding Seal Assembly of Aircraft Hydraulic Actuator

The hydraulic actuator,known as the"muscle"of military aircraft,is responsible for flight attitude adjustment,trajectory control,braking turn,landing gear retracting and other actions,which directly affect its flight efficiency and safety.However,the sealing assembly often has the situation of over-aberrant aperture fit clearance or critical over-aberrant clearance,which increases the failure probability and degree of movable seal failure,and directly affects the flight efficiency and safety of military aircraft.In this paper,the simulation model of hydraulic actuator seal combination is established by ANSYS software,and the sealing principle is described.The change curve of contact width and contact pressure of combination seal under the action of high-pressure fluid is drawn.The effects of different oil pressure,fit clearance and other parameters on the sealing performance are analyzed.Finally,the accelerated life test of sliding seal components is carried out on the hydraulic actuator accelerated life test rig,and the surface morphology is compared and analyzed.The research shows that the O-ring is the main sealing element and the role of the check ring is to protect and support the O-ring to prevent damage caused by squeezing into the fit clearance,so the check ring bears a large load and is prone to shear failure.Excessive fit clearance is the main factor affecting the damage of the check ring,and the damage parts are mainly concentrated at the edge of the sealing surface.This paper provides a theoretical basis for the design of hydraulic actuator and the improvement of sealing performance.

7~9岁儿童窝沟封闭项目实施效果研究

目的探讨7~9岁儿童窝沟封闭项目实施效果。方法选取2021年12月至2022年12月六枝特区公立小学参与7~9岁儿童窝沟封闭项目的1140名儿童作为研究对象。于口腔健康宣教前对1140名学生进行中西部儿童口腔健康知识问卷调查,宣教后3、12个月采用分层整群随机抽样法,分别抽取222名学生进行中西部儿童口腔健康知识问卷调查;窝沟封闭后3、12个月,分别抽取已进行窝沟封闭的860颗第一恒磨牙进行复查,比较健康宣教前及宣教后3、12个月7~9岁儿童健康口腔健康知晓率,比较窝沟封闭后3、12个月7~9岁儿童窝沟封闭剂保留率。结果宣教后3、12个月,7~9岁儿童健康口腔健康知晓率均高于健康宣教前,宣教后12个月低于宣教后3个月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。窝沟封闭后3个月,7~9岁儿童窝沟封闭剂保留率高于窝沟封闭后12个月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论六枝特区适龄儿童窝沟封闭项目窝沟封闭保留率较高,还可增强对适龄儿童的口腔健康教育,提高适龄儿童健康知晓率,确保窝沟封闭的质量。

特高含水期油藏剩余油分布新认识——以孤岛油田中一区Ng~上3砂组为例

特高含水期是陆相油藏开发的重要阶段,而剩余油研究是特高含水期油藏提高采收率的基础。根据孤岛油田中一区特高含水期的3口密闭取心井和17口新钻井资料,从平面、层间和层内对剩余油的分布特征和富集规律进行分析。结果表明,特高含水期剩余可动油在研究区普遍分布、局部富集,矿场生产动态实践也验证了该认识的正确性。根据研究区夹层分布规律及储层韵律性建立了全遮挡型、半遮挡型和韵律型3大类剩余油局部富集模式,其中,半遮挡型剩余油局部富集模式可进一步分为油井遮挡型、水井遮挡型和井间遮挡型3小类,韵律型剩余油局部富集模式可进一步分为正韵律型和均匀型2小类。新认识突破了特高含水期剩余油高度分散、局部集中的传统认识,对河流相老油田的剩余油挖潜具有重要意义。

云南省曲靖市11~12岁儿童第一恒磨牙龋病调查及影响因素

目的调查曲靖市11~12岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋现状,分析患龋影响因素,为防治提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机取样法,于2023年2—3月对曲靖市1614名11~12岁儿童进行口腔流行病学问卷调查、口腔健康检查。结果第一恒磨牙患龋率64.8%,龋均(1.63±1.50)个,龋失率1.6%,充填率15.1%,窝沟封闭率17.2%。曲靖抽样调查地区生活饮用水氟浓度低于0.2 mg/L,为患龋高危地区。患龋率、龋均在户口类型、性别、年龄间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);龋失率在性别间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);充填率在年龄、独生子女间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);窝沟封闭率在年龄、是否少数民族间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。第一恒磨牙患龋的独立影响因素是户口类型、年龄、性别、甜食摄入(P<0.05)。结论曲靖市11~12岁儿童第一恒磨牙龋病患龋率高,远远高于全国多数地区,充填率及窝沟封闭率偏低。应引起相关部门、学校、家长及儿童的高度重视,早期防治龋病。

A STUDY ON THE SEALING PERFORMANCE BETWEEN CYLINDER HEAD AND CYLINDER SLEEVE IN DIESEL ENGINES

针对12V型整体式气缸盖柴油机的气缸盖/气缸套密封系统，采用有限元法，研究了固紧螺栓预紧力大小及分配、固紧螺栓位置、气缸盖材料等因素对密封系统性能的影响规律。对确定的气缸爆发压力，计算出了理论上能保证密封的最小预紧力。得出的结论有益于对整体式气缸盖柴油机的改进设计。文中计算采用了SDRC公司的I-DEASTM软件。

Numerical simulation of two-phase flow field in underwater sealing device based on dynamic mesh

In order to speed underwater launch of minor-caliber weapons,a sealing device can be set in front of underwater muzzle to separate water,preventing the muzzle from water immersion.By establishing and simplifying the model of underwater weapon sealing device and unstructured mesh computing domain model based on computational fluid dynamics（CFD）,dynamic mesh and user defined function（UDF）,the N-S equation is solved and the numerical analysis and calculation of the complex two-phase flow inside the sealing device are carried out.The results show that the gas discharged from the sealing device is conducive to the formation of the projectile supercavity.When the projectile is launched at 5munder water,the shock wave before and after the projectile has impact on the box body up to 100 MPa,therefore the sealing device must be strong enough.The research results have the vital significance to the design of underwater weapon sealing device and the formation of the projectile supercavitation.

广州市10~12岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋影响因素分析

目的了解广州市儿童第一恒磨牙患龋影响因素,为制定儿童龋病防治行为干预策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取广州市12个区(县级市)149所小学18 656名五、六年级学生为研究对象,进行口腔健康检查及问卷调查,调查时间为2014年9月。结果 18 656名儿童第一恒磨牙患龋率为18.19%,女生患龋率为19.96%,高于男生(16.71%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=32.817,P<0.001)。采用广义混合线性模型,在控制学校聚集性及其他影响因素后,城乡、性别、是否做过窝沟封闭以及饮用甜牛奶、糖果/巧克力的食用频率5个因素入选模型,是龋齿发生的独立影响因素(P<0.01);城乡、性别、是否做过窝沟封闭、糖果/巧克力食用频率与龋均有关联(P<0.05)。结论学龄儿童口腔健康教育应关注糖果/巧克力等高糖食品消费,关注城乡差异,同时,加大窝沟封闭项目宣传力度,提高公众知晓率;严格项目管理,提高封闭质量,保证防龋效果。

唐山市6~9岁儿童第一磨牙萌出及患龋情况调查

目的：调查唐山市6-9岁儿童第一磨牙萌出及患龋情况。方法：随机抽取唐山市区25所学校2 218名儿童,应用WHO和中国第三次全国口腔健康调查方案调查该人群第一磨牙患龋率、龋均、龋面均、萌出率、窝沟封闭率、龋病的好发牙位及牙面,并进行统计学分析。结果：第一磨牙总萌出率为77.91%,总患龋率40.71%,龋均1.10±1.39,龋面均1.47±1.70,患龋率随年龄增长而上升;7、9岁组患龋率女生高于男生;萌出率随年龄增长而上升;各年龄组下颌第一磨牙萌出率、患龋率均高于上颌（P〈0.05）。总窝沟封闭率为2.34%,7岁组男、女间窝沟封闭率差异显著（P〈0.05）。结论：唐山市6-9岁儿童第一磨牙患龋呈上升趋势,窝沟封闭率较低,建议7岁为唐山市开展集体窝沟封闭的最适年龄。

柴达木盆地英西地区E_3~2盐类矿物成因及油气地质意义

近年来,柴达木盆地英西地区渐新统E_3~2获得了持续的重大勘探发现。基于岩心观察、系统的微观岩石学、矿物学以及地球化学分析,系统总结了柴达木盆地英西地区渐新统咸化湖盆中盐类矿物特征、成因及成藏作用:(1)英西地区渐新统E_3~24种重要的盐类矿物包括石盐、硬石膏、钙芒硝以及天青石等,或聚集成为具有一定厚度的盐层,或以矿物颗粒形式赋存于基质碳酸盐岩中。上部的盐间油层组的盐层较厚,以石盐为主,下部的盐下油层组的盐层较薄,以石膏为主;(2)盐类矿物"低锰"的元素地球化学特征、与盐类矿物伴生的基质碳酸盐岩具有的"低温成因"的碳氧同位素地球化学特征、未见热液矿物发育的岩石学特征以及分布面积极广的平面展布特征均显示了盐类矿物为典型的咸化湖盆沉积型,而非热液卤水析出型;(3)"盐"在油气成藏过程中发挥着重要作用,包括盐类矿物对裂缝的充填和防止油气逸散的封堵作用、盐层因具有很高的毛管突破压力和塑性特征而具有良好的封盖作用、地层条件下促进白云岩次生孔隙发育的作用以及占据一定的储集空间的消极作用等。这一研究成果可为盐下湖相碳酸盐岩的油气勘探提供重要的指导作用。

16×10~4m^3LNG储罐罐顶气顶升工艺的计算分析

16×104m3LNG储罐是国际上LNG接收站存储系统的常用储罐,其制作一般采用气顶升工艺。该工艺施工速度快,成本相对较低,但影响因素多、施工难度高、安全风险大,国内项目以前均是由国外工程公司总承包,气顶升方案也均由外方制订,没有给出详细的计算分析过程与步骤,目前,国内施工单位对该工艺的施工一般也是参照国外通俗做法,鲜有详细的计算分析。为此,对大连LNG项目16×104m3LNG储罐罐顶气顶升工艺方案的供气装置和密封装置进行了计算分析,确定了16×104m3LNG储罐的施工方案,并以计算分析结果为依据指导实际施工,收效良好,对类似大型LNG储罐罐顶气顶升工艺的设计具有一定参考价值。

化瘀生肌方联合简易负压封闭引流技术治疗老年3~4期压力性损伤患者的疗效观察

目的:探究化瘀生肌方联合简易负压封闭引流技术治疗老年3~4期压力性损伤患者的疗效。方法:选取2018年9月~2019年8月本院伤口治疗中心收治的92例老年3~4期压力性损伤患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=45)和研究组(n=47)。对照组采用简易负压封闭引流技术进行治疗,研究组采用化瘀生肌方联合简易负压封闭引流技术进行治疗。比较两组临床疗效、中医证候积分、创面愈合时间,观察并评估两组治疗前和治疗第5、15、30天Bates-Jensen伤口评价工具(BWAT)评分、肉芽组织生长因子[表皮生长因子(EGF)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)]水平,记录两组治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果:研究组总有效率(93.62%)高于对照组(73.33%),中医证候积分低于对照组,创面愈合时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗第5、15、30天,两组BWAT评分低于治疗前,创面EGF、bFGF、VEGF水平高于治疗前,且研究组BWAT评分低于对照组,创面EGF、bFGF、VEGF水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗期间,两组均未发生明显不良反应。结论:化瘀生肌方联合简易负压封闭引流技术治疗老年3~4期压力性损伤患者的疗效良好,可缓解临床症状,提高创面EGF、bFGF、VEGF表达水平,缩短痊愈时间,且安全性较高,值得临床推广。

在含Ni^（2＋）和BF_4~－溶液中阳极氧化铝冷封闭机理的研究

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