Progress of MJO Prediction at CMA from Phase I to Phase II of the Sub-Seasonal to Seasonal Prediction Project

As one of the participants in the Subseasonal to Seasonal(S2S)Prediction Project,the China Meteorological Administration(CMA)has adopted several model versions to participate in the S2S Project.This study evaluates the models’capability to simulate and predict the Madden-Julian Oscillation(MJO).Three versions of the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model(BCC-CSM)are used to conduct historical simulations and re-forecast experiments(referred to as EXP1,EXP1-M,and EXP2,respectively).In simulating MJO characteristics,the newly-developed high-resolution BCC-CSM outperforms its predecessors.In terms of MJO prediction,the useful prediction skill of the MJO index is enhanced from 15 days in EXP1 to 22 days in EXP1-M,and further to 24 days in EXP2.Within the first forecast week,the better initial condition in EXP2 largely contributes to the enhancement of MJO prediction skill.However,during forecast weeks 2–3,EXP2 shows little advantage compared with EXP1-M because the increased skill at MJO initial phases 6–7 is largely offset by the degraded skill at MJO initial phases 2–3.Particularly at initial phases 2–3,EXP1-M skillfully captures the wind field and Kelvin-wave response to MJO convection,leading to the highest prediction skill of the MJO.Our results reveal that,during the participation of the CMA models in the S2S Project,both the improved model initialization and updated model physics played positive roles in improving MJO prediction.Future efforts should focus on improving the model physics to better simulate MJO convection over the Maritime Continent and further improve MJO prediction at long lead times.

A Survey of English Translation Studies of Lu You’s Poetry Based on the Data Analysis of Domestic Academic Journals (2001-2022)

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the current state of research on the English translation of Lu You’s poetry, utilizing a data sample comprising research papers published in the CNKI Full-text Database from 2001 to 2022. Employing rigorous longitudinal statistical methods, the study examines the progress achieved over the past two decades. Notably, domestic researchers have displayed considerable interest in the study of Lu You’s English translation works since 2001. The research on the English translation of Lu You’s poetry reveals a diverse range of perspectives, indicating a rich body of scholarship. However, several challenges persist, including insufficient research, limited translation coverage, and a noticeable focus on specific poems such as “Phoenix Hairpin” in the realm of English translation research. Consequently, there is ample room for improvement in the quality of research output on the English translation of Lu You’s poems, as well as its recognition within the academic community. Building on these findings, it is argued that future investigations pertaining to the English translation of Lu You’s poetry should transcend the boundaries of textual analysis and encompass broader theoretical perspectives and research methodologies. By undertaking this shift, scholars will develop a more profound comprehension of Lu You’s poetic works and make substantive contributions to the field of translation studies. Thus, this article aims to bridge the gap between past research endeavors and future possibilities, serving as a guide and inspiration for scholars to embark on a more nuanced and enriching exploration of Lu You’s poetry as well as other Chinese literature classics.

Modeling Daily Average Temperatures in a Coastal Site of Central Africa: An Analysis of Seasonal Divisions

The seasonality and day-to-day variation of near-surface temperature patterns can greatly control nearly all physical and biological processes though temperature predictions at such scales remain challenging. This paper implements a simple analytical approach in order to generate daily average temperatures which implicitly accounts for surface heating and drivers through a comprehensive representation of station-based temperature records on a universal standard calendar propagated by the earth’s dynamics features. The modeled and observed pattern of daily temperatures exhibits a close agreement with the level of strength agreement exceeding 0.56. The extreme high and low values of the observed temperature patterns are equally well captured although model underestimates the probability of temperatures around the two modal peaks (~25.6℃ and 27.5℃). Additionally, a theoretical thermal-based division led to the identification of six seasons, including two hot and cold periods along with two pairs of mixed hot-cold. The theoretical division proposed here appears to be a good approximation for the understanding of rainfall seasonality in this area.

An Investigation into the Case of Multi-interpretation in Poetry Translation

In translating poems, it is very common that different people have quite different versions of the same poem. This paper therefore intends to expound upon the underlying factors from the perspective of Hermeneutics,by exploring the relationship between the textual meaning and the textual significance of a poem, as well as the relationship between the author's intention and the textual intention of a poem, aiming to explain the key element in translating poems—multi-interpretation.

Reasons of Taoism in Robert Bly's Poetry

Bly's preference of Taoist thoughts to Western philosophy and ideology in his poetry has its deeper reasons. It is his secluded life attitude and his poetics construction that promote him to learn from the ancient Chinese poetry which contains adequate Taoist ideas.

Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Hindcasts of Stratospheric Sudden Warming by BCC_CSM1.1(m):A Comparison with ECMWF

This study focuses on model predictive skill with respect to stratospheric sudden warming(SSW) events by comparing the hindcast results of BCC_CSM1.1(m) with those of the ECMWF's model under the sub-seasonal to seasonal prediction project of the World Weather Research Program and World Climate Research Program. When the hindcasts are initiated less than two weeks before SSW onset, BCC_CSM and ECMWF show comparable predictive skill in terms of the temporal evolution of the stratospheric circumpolar westerlies and polar temperature up to 30 days after SSW onset. However, with earlier hindcast initialization, the predictive skill of BCC_CSM gradually decreases, and the reproduced maximum circulation anomalies in the hindcasts initiated four weeks before SSW onset replicate only 10% of the circulation anomaly intensities in observations. The earliest successful prediction of the breakdown of the stratospheric polar vortex accompanying SSW onset for BCC_CSM(ECMWF) is the hindcast initiated two(three) weeks earlier. The predictive skills of both models during SSW winters are always higher than that during non-SSW winters, in relation to the successfully captured tropospheric precursors and the associated upward propagation of planetary waves by the model initializations. To narrow the gap in SSW predictive skill between BCC_CSM and ECMWF, ensemble forecasts and error corrections are performed with BCC_CSM. The SSW predictive skill in the ensemble hindcasts and the error corrections are improved compared with the previous control forecasts.

SSTA SIGNAL CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS OVER THE INDIAN OCEAN DURING RAINY SEASON IN CHINA

The teleconnection distribution characteristics of sea surface temperature (SST) over the India Ocean and the precipitation during rainy season in China were studied by using the methods of EOF and CCA. The results indicate that the change of SST field will affect the change of rain belt during rainy seasons in China, and greatly affect the precipitation in northwest and southwest China, the Yangzi and Yellow River downstream basins. Strong signal phenomena of SSTA over India Ocean were revealed that showed the anoma-lous distribution of drought and flood in China. It shows that the precipitation during rainy seasons in China may be forecast by analyzing SST distribution characteristics over the India Ocean.

Seasonal Evolution of Dominant Modes in South Pacific SST and Relationship with ENSO

A season-reliant empirical orthogonal function （S-EOF） analysis was applied to the seasonal mean SST anomalies （SSTAs） based on the HadISST1 dataset with linear trend removed at every grid point in the South Pacific （60.5°-19.5°S, 139.5°E-60.5°W） during the period 1979-2009. The spatiotemporal characteristics of the dominant modes and their relationships with ENSO were analyzed. The results show that there are two seasonally evolving dominant modes of SSTAs in the South Pacific with interannual and interdeeadal variations; they account for nearly 40% of the total variance. Although the seasonal evolution of spatial patterns of the first S-EOF mode （S-EOF1） did not show remarkable propagation, it decays with season remarkably. The second S-EOF mode （S-EOF2） showed significant seasonal evolution and intensified with season, with distinct characteristics of eastward propagation of the negative SSTAs in southern New Zealand and positive SSTAs southeast of Australia. Both of these two modes have significant relationships with ENSO. These two modes correspond to the post-ENSO and ENSO turnabout years, respectively. The S- EOF1 mode associated with the decay of the eastern Pacific （EP） and the central Pacific （CP） types of ENSO exhibited a more significant relationship with the EP/CP type of E1 Nifio than that with the EP/CP type of La Nifia. The S-EOF2 mode contacted with the EP type of E1 Nifio changing into the EP/CP type of La Nifia showed a more significant connection with the EP/CP type of La Nifia.

Interannual Variation of the Onset of Yunnan’s Rainy Season and Its Relationships with the Arctic Oscillation of the Preceding Winter

Based on an analysis of the circulation in May associated with the interannual variation of the onset of Yunnan’s rainy season, this study examined the rela-tionship between Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the onset timing of the rainy sea-son by using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and observational precipitation data for 1961-2010. The results indicated that, on an interannual time scale, intense Asian summer monsoon and an active EU-pattern wave train circulation in its positive phase, associated with a cold cyclonic cell covering the western part of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet (EASWJ), jointly contributed to the onset of the rainy season in May. Otherwise, the onset might be suppressed. The cold cyclonic cell over East Asia likely led to the southward shift and enhancement of EASWJ as well as its secondary circulation around the jet entrance, which could provide a favorable dynamic and thermal condition for rainfalls in Yunnan as was revealed in previous studies on 10 - 30-day time scale. Further examination showed that the preceding wintertime AO played a significant role in the timing of the onset of the rainy season before the mid-1980s’ by mostly modulating the wave-train-like circulation over East Asia in May. During that time period, when the AO index of the previous winter was positive (negative), Yunnan’s rainy season tended to begin earlier (later) than normal. Correspond-ingly, the precipitation in May was also closely linked to wintertime AO.

Sylvia Plath And Her Poetry Viewed In Psychological Aspect

Sylvia Plath is a major representative of the American confessional poetry. Her idiosyncratic poetry and her suicide in1963 aroused an intensive interest and study on her and her poems that hasn't subsided until now. This paper tries to explore the so-called Sylvia Plath myth and analyzes the various factors that molded her extreme psychology, theme and style by Lacanian psychoanalytic approach.

Seasonal variations in the energy budget of Elliot’s pheasant (Syrmaticus ellioti) in cage

This study aimed to discuss the energy budget of Elliot’s pheasant Syrmaticus ellioti in different seasons,with life and health,good growth and normal digestion of Elliot’s pheasant as the tested objects,The energy budget of Elliot’s pheasant was measured by daily collection of the trial pheasants’excrement in the biological garden of Guangxi Normal University from March 2011 to February 2012.The results showed that the gross energy consumption,metabolic energy and excrement energy varied by season,increasing as temperature decreased.There was significant difference in gross energy consumption,metabolic energy,excrement energy between adults and nonages.There was also a trend that food digestibility of pheasants increases as temperature increases.In the same season,the food digestibility of adults was better than that of nonages.Throughout spring,summer,autumn and winter,the metabolic energy of 4-year adults were 305.77±13.40 kJ/d,263.67±11.89 kJ/d,357.23±25.49 kJ/d and 403.12±24.91 kJ/d,respectively,and the nonages were 284.86±17.22 kJ/d,284.66±15.16 kJ/d,402.26±31.46 kJ/d and 420.30±31.98 kJ/d,respectively.The minimum metabolic energies were 247.65±21.81 g,265.86±26.53 g,respectively for each group,detected between 4-year adults and 1-year nonages.Further study is needed to determine whether 29.6 C is the optimal temperature for the Elliot’s pheasant.

Poet Zang Kejia Talks About Mao Zedong’s Poetry—Commemorating Mao Zedong’s Centenary

ZANG Kejla was already a well-known fi-gure in Chinese literary circles during the1930s.Mao Zedong used to invite him tothe Qingzheng Hall to talk about poetry and edita few pieces,and the two became good friends.AsMao’s 100th birthday approached,I visited thepoet to talk with him about the late chairman’spoetry.Mao Zedong is a name known across theworld.A great revolutionary,politician and mili-tary scientist,he was also a poet at heart.Someforeign observers once wondered that“a poet hadcreated a new China.”His pieces have a veryrevolutionary flavor that recount to his readers

Rebellious Spirit in Shelley’s Poetry

雪莱的诗歌反映了他争取平等和自由的反叛思想。诗歌中揭示了他对上层阶级的诅咒 。

The Influence of Miao Nationality’s Culture in Yuan Xiang Region on the Later Poetry Creation of Qu Yuan

Miao culture is one of the minority cultures in China.It also has a certain impact on the development of Chinese literature and poetry.Chu ci is a new poetic style created by Qu Yuan,an ancient poet in China.It is the first collection of romantic poetry in the history of Chinese literature.Qu Yuan’s poetry creation is related to his life experience.Qu Yuan was exiled to Yuan Xiang region,and he had been in contact with the Miao ancestors in Yuan Xiang area during the exile.Therefore,the Miao land culture in Yuan Xiang area has a profound influence on Qu Yuan’s later poetry creation.This paper,taking Qu Yuan’s later poetry as an example,analyzes the influence of Miao culture on Chu ci in Yuan Xiang area,introduces Qu Yuan’s life and how to contact Miao culture,and probes into the influence of Miao nationality’s religious thought,customs,language and culture,oral folk song and pan song on the later poetry creation of Qu Yuan.

Boundary of Domestication:Christianized Imagery in English Translations of Mao Zedong’s Poetry

The abundant imagery in Mao Zedong’s poetry is of great political and cultural significance and its English translation plays a major role in spreading New China’s influences worldwide.Comparison reveals that,in translations of a particular kind of imagery with supernatural meanings,some translators took a domesticating stance and Christianized some images with supernatural connotations,adding to them strong Western mythological features.It misinterprets the political and cultural connotations of the original,which is harmful to establish a proper political image and cultural confidence,and violates Mao’s translation thoughts and expectations.Christianization and its causes should be critically investigated.New boundaries should be set for foreignization and domestication methods.By viewing the relationships between the translator’s subjectivity and the author’s will,as well as the pursuit of translation effect and the defence of ideological security,new discourse will be explored to tell the Chinese stories with profound political and cultural thoughts in Mao’s poetry in a correct and well-accepted way.

A Comparative Study of the Three Chinese Translated Versions of Poetry in Jane Eyre

In poetry translation,the translator’s subjectivity in translation activities determines the quality of translation to a great extent,for the translator must try to retain the imagery of the original poetry through their own understanding of the original work.By comparing the three Chinese translated versions of poetry in Jane Eyre by Huang Yuanshen,Zhu Qingying and Wu Junxie,this paper finds that the diachronic interpretation in the process of poetry creation,which is beneficial to the communication between the original work and the readers,helps the readers to experience the aesthetic beauty of the original poetry.

The Triumph of Poetry over Time in Shakespeare's Sonnets

Since the study of Shakespeare's sonnets came to China,people come to an agreement that there is more than one theme running through these sonnets.The most popular and well-accepted ones are singing for fairness,kindness and truth,singing for friendship,and singing for love.Among all these themes,time,running through these sonnets from the beginning to the end,is absolutely one of the most important.In the eyes of the poet,time is cruel and destructive;however,he figures out poetry as a key way to triumph over it.This article attempts to argue for the triumph of poetry over time in Shakespeare's sonnets based on an analysis to the poetry.

The“Flaneur”in Modernist Poetry

Traditionally,there is a complete rejection of the city within poetry.Nevertheless,as urbanization sped up,cities eventually became the center of culture.In modernistcity poems,the speaker takes up the role of“flaneur”and conveys the poet’s reflections on urban life and urban people.By analyzing the characteristics and development of this image in modernist poetry,we can gain a deeper understanding of modernist poetry and urban life.