Sebaceous lymphadenocarcinoma of the parotid gland:A case report

BACKGROUND Sebaceous lymphadenoma is a benign tumor that occurs rarely in the salivary glands,most commonly in the parotid glands or periparotid lymph nodes,and even more rarely undergoes malignant transformation into a sebaceous lymphadenocarcinoma.CASE SUMMARY We report an 82-year-old woman who presented with a painless mass in the right parotid region.We performed extended surgical resection of the parotid gland mass.Intraoperative pathology revealed a sebaceous lymphadenocarcinoma with metastasis into the periparotid cervical lymph nodes,so we also performed neck dissection and lymph node resection.Postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis.The literature review revealed that this was the seventh reported case of sebaceous lymphadenocarcinoma and the second reported case of cervical lymph node metastasis and infiltration of the skin of the parotid gland.CONCLUSION Treatment of sebaceous lymphadenocarcinoma depends on the typing and clinical staging of the cancer.Extensive resection is the first choice,and adjuvant radiotherapy should be given to patients with high-grade tumors or those at an advanced clinical stage.

Primary sebaceous carcinoma of lacrimal gland: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Primary sebaceous carcinoma of lacrimal gland(SCLG) is extremely rare. Due to its clinical characteristics, it is often misdiagnosed. It is known to be aggressive so delay in diagnosis can increase the chance of local recurrence and metastasis. We report a case of primary SCLG.CASE SUMMARY A 75-year-old man was referred with a painful swelling in the right eyelid. Computed tomography scan demonstrates a 2.6 cm mass in upper outer quadrant of right orbit. After the incisional biopsy of the mass, he was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of lacrimal gland. A right orbital exenteration, cervical lymph node dissection was performed. There was no involvement of the overlying periorbital skin, eyelid, or conjunctiva. Histological examination of the exenteration specimen showed tumor arising from the lacrimal gland, which had been entirely replaced by sebaceous carcinoma with sarcomatous and squamous differentiation. Neoplastic cells which were large and contained prominent nucleoli. Focal tumor remained in the posterior resection margin. Patient underwent adjuvant radiotherapy, total dose of 56 Gy with doseper-fraction 2 Gy to primary lesion. There has been no sign of recurrence until 2-years follow-up.CONCLUSION We report a rare case of sebaceous carcinoma arising from the lacrimal gland. Accurate diagnosis of SCLG is important for appropriate treatment and prognosis prediction.

Diagnostic pitfall of sebaceous gland metaplasia of the esophagus

We investigated the sebaceous gland metaplasia(SGM) of the esophagus and clarified the evidence of misdiagnosis and its diagnosis pitfall. Cases of pathologically proven SGM were enrolled in the clinical analysis and reviewed description of endoscope. In the current study, we demonstrated that SGM is very rare esophageal condition with an incidence around 0.00465% and an occurrence rate of 0.41 per year. There were 57.1% of senior endoscopists identified 8 episodes of SGM. In contrast, 7.7% of junior endoscopists identified SGM in only 2 episodes. Moreover, we investigated the difference in endoscopic biopsy attempt rate between the senior and junior endoscopist(P = 0.0001). The senior endoscopists had more motivation to look for SGM than did junior endoscopists(P = 0.01). We concluded that SGM of the esophagus is rare condition that is easily and not recognized in endoscopy studies omitting pathological review.

Primary or metastatic lung cancer?Sebaceous carcinoma of the thigh:A case report

BACKGROUND Sebaceous carcinoma(SC),a malignancy primarily characterized by aggressive growth,affects cutaneous tissues of the periocular region.Extraocular SC is extremely rare,especially in the extremities,as evidenced by only a handful of reported cases.CASE SUMMARY A 65-year-old man presented with a rapidly enlarging swelling on the left inner thigh,which was initially misdiagnosed as a subcutaneous abscess.The lesion had appeared two months prior to admission.Clinical examination revealed a cauliflower-like swollen content,with an ulcerated and infected mass located on his left thigh.At the same time,we observed solitary nodular lesions in his lungs and brain,with biopsy pathology of the lung lesions found to be consistent with the mass in the thigh.The patient received chemotherapy comprising cis-platinum with fluorouracil,followed by targeted therapy with anlotinib hydrochloride and chemotherapy with vinorelbine,implantation of iodine-125 seeds in the thigh and pulmonary tumor.The initial stage intervention achieved partial remission.The efficacy of maintenance treatment was evaluated as stable disease after the first 5 cycles;however,the patient developed a new brain lesion after the sixth cycle of treatment,which resulted in progressive disease and he received whole brain gamma knife radiotherapy.CONCLUSION We analyzed the clinical presentation,imaging features,pathology and treatment of a rare case of lung,brain and lymph node metastasis of SC located in the thigh.It is evident that cis-platinum combined with fluorouracil,vinorelbine combined with anlotinib hydrochloride may be an effective therapeutic regimen in advanced SC.However,brain metastatic lesions should receive early radiotherapy.

Human Sebaceous <i>Cis</i>-6-Hexadecenoic Acid: Possible Application of an Innate Antimicrobial Substance to Cosmetic Products for Mucous Membrane

The antimicrobial properties of cis-6-hexadecenoic acid (C16:1Δ6), a component of the innate human metabolome, were studied and its application to cosmetic products was investigated in detail. A variety of the resident and transient microbial flora of the skin, oral cavity, and intestine was applied to an investigation of the antimicrobial activity of C16:1Δ6. C16:1Δ6 showed selective antibacterial activity against human microbial pathogens such as Clostridium perfringens (one of the most common causes of food poisoning) and Streptococcus mutans (one of the tooth-decaying bacteria), as well as Staphylococcus aureus. C16:1Δ6 seemed to possess a “species-selective” antibacterial activity against bacteria belonging to the genera Staphylococcus and Clostridium. We performed a preliminary assessment of the application of C16:1Δ6 as an antimicrobial component in a liquid lip gloss by performing preservation efficacy and home-use tests. We noted that the amount of p-hydroxybenzoate was needed in an oily cosmetic, especially liquid lip gloss, could be reduced by replacing p-hydroxybenzoate with C16:1Δ6. We suggest that C16:1Δ6 may find application as a stable antimicrobial substance gentle enough for use in consumer products by its selective antimicrobial characteristics.

Mutations in TP53, ZNF750, and RB1 typify ocular sebaceous carcinoma

Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) of the eyelid is a rare but aggressive malignancy, accounting for 3%—5% of eyelid malignancies in the United States, and up to 35% in Asian populations (Deprez and Uffer, 2009;Xu et al., 2018;Yu et al., 2018). It is frequently mistaken for benign conditions or less aggressive malignancies such as basal cell carcinoma (Muqit et al., 2013), and the effects of delay in diagnosis can be devastating to patients. Aggressive surgical resection is the primary treatment of these tumors and often invoIves orbital exenteration with significant morbidity to patients, and these tumors frequently recur, with local recurrence rate as high as 18%. Importantly, this disease has a high metastatic potential, and there are very limited data guiding systemic treatment options;ultimately 6%—18% of patients diagnosed with SC of the eyelid succumb to metastatic disease (Zurcher et al., 1998;Shields et al., 2004).

Telomerase expression in sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid

Background In humans telomerase is expressed in most ca ncers and immortal cell lines, and astivation of telomerase may play important r oles in tumorigenesis and immortalization. This study was to investigate the rol es of telomerase activity (TA) and human telomerase RNA (hTR) in sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid.Methods The telomerase repeated amplification protocal (TRAP) was used to demonstrate telomerase activity in 12 cases of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid. In situ hybridiza tion (ISH) was used to demonstrate the expression of hTR in 55 cases of paraffin-embedded sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid, and the results were compared with the proliferative index determined by Mib-1 immuno-labeling, histological patterns and r ecurrence of the tumor.Results Different telomerase activity was shown in the 12 cases of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid. The positive expression of hTR was 85.5% (47/55) in tumor cells, but not in the adjacent tissues. The positive expression of hTR was correlated with the proliferative activity (as assessed by Mib-1 immunolabelling, r=0.942, P<0.001) and the dif ferentiation of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid (χ 2=17.621, P<0.001), but not si gnificantly related to tumor recurrence. The level of hTR expression increased with the de crease of differentiation of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid.Conclusions The results suggest that the up-regulation of telo merase expression plays some roles in tarsal gland carcinogenesis, and the express ion of hTR is a useful marker for malignant degree of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid.

MLH1 c.199G>A, a Known Mutation for Lynch Syndrome, Is Also Associated with Sebaceous Neoplasm

Introduction:Muir-Torre syndrome is a phenotypic variant of Lynch syndrome characterized by a predisposition for the development of visceral malignant disease and sebaceous gland neoplasms,and it is caused by germline mutations in the mismatch repair genesMSH2 andMLH1.Case presentation:The proband was a 42-year-old man who had undergone surgical resection of colorectal adenocarcinoma at 28 years.He presented with macular rashes and red papule.Histological examination of the lesion on his head revealed a sebaceoma at 37 years.Follow-up of the family history revealed that the proband’s 65-year-old mother had been highly suspected to have Lynch syndrome with colorectal cancer at 40 years of age.The proband’s daughter underwent colonoscopy because of blood in the stool at the age of 13 years,but no abnormalities were found.Discussion:We have herein reported a pathogenic missense mutation c.199G>A(p.Gly67Arg)in exon 2 ofMLH1 in patients with MTS.This mutation has been reported in patients with Lynch syndrome who have no skin tumors.However,we also found that some patients with MTS had no history of any internal malignancy or skin tumor.Our data support the idea that a hiatus of many years may pass before both elements-a sebaceous neoplasm and an internal cancer-are present in a patient,thus finally allowing the diagnosis of MTS.Conclusion:A pathogenic Lynch syndrome mutation c.199G>A in exon 2 of theMLH1 gene was found in a patient with MTS who presented with a sebaceous neoplasm.

Pathogenic genes of nevus sebaceous and its associated diseases

Introduction Nevus sebaceous (NS), also known as nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn, is a congenital sebaceous hyperplasia or organoid nevus. This benign congenital hamartoma is composed of abnormal epidermal and dermal com-ponents. The hamartomatous lesions, usually clinically present at birth, are most frequently distributed on areas with sebaceous glands, especially the scalp and face(1)NS originates from pluripotent primordial epithelial germ tissue and occurs in approximately 0.1%of newborns.

Impact of skin sensitivity mechanisms on sebum secretion: Management strategies for oily sensitive skin

Recent epidemiological surveys based on Baumann's classification have revealed a notable rise in the prevalence of oily sensitive skin.The development of oily sensitive skin is primarily linked to the abnormal function of sebaceous glands.The function of sebaceous glands is regulated by several factors,including inflammatory mediators,neurotransmitters,and endocrine signals.Sensitive skin,particularly oily sensitive skin,is prone to local inflammation,which in turn disrupts the normal functioning of sebaceous glands.This creates a loop wherein increased oil production exacerbates sensitivity,while heightened sensitivity further stimulates sebum secretion,perpetuating a vicious cycle.This article summarizes our understanding of the four primary mechanisms underlying skin sensitivity and their impact on sebaceous gland activity.Accordingly,it proposes management strategies for oily sensitive skin and seeks to guide the development of skin care regimens for this skin type.

A retrospective study of 2228 cases with eyelid tumors

AIM： To describe the histopathologic and clinical features of eyelid tumor cases from Tianjin Eye Hospital during 2002 to 2015. METHODS： In this retrospective study, a total of 2228 cases of eyelid tumors with pathologic diagnoses were enrolled. The eyelid tumors were classified into three groups according to tumor origin： epidermal, adnexal and miscellaneous, including melanocytic, neural and vascular lesions. Inflammatory tumor-like lesions were excluded. The clinical characteristics of the eyelid tumors were analyzed, including age, gender and lesion location. RESULTS： Most eyelid tumors were epidermal in origin（1080, 48.5%）, followed by miscellaneous（885, 39.7%） and adnexal tumors（263, 11.8%）. Among all the tumors, 292（13.1%） were malignant lesions, 1910（85.7%） benign and 26（1.1%） premalignant lesions. Most malignant tumors originated from epidermal cells（60.0%）, followed by adnexal cells（34.6%）. The most common malignant tumors were basal cell carcinomas（56.5%） followed by sebaceous carcinoma（34.6%）, squamous cell carcinomas（3.8%） and lymphoma/plasmocytoma（1.7%）. The benign and premalignant eyelid lesions mostly originated from epidermal cells（46.4%） followed by miscellaneous cell sources（45.2%）, including melanocytic nevus（33.8%）, seborrheic keratosis（13.7%）, squamous cell papilloma（13.0%） and epidermal cysts（11.5%）. CONCLUSION： Eyelid tumors are mostly epithelial in origin. Benign tumors are significantly more common than malignant tumors with an obvious female predominance, and the most frequent malignant tumor are basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinomas. The tumor clinical features varied among the different subtypes.

Classification of and the latest photoelectric therapy for epidermal nevi

An epidermal nevus(EN)is a common disease of various types,including verrucous EN,nevus sebaceous,inflammatory linear verrucous EN,Becker nevus,smooth muscle hamartoma,and nevus comedonicus.EN syndrome is a serious and difficult-to-treat syndrome that is complicated by two or more abnormal organs or systems.To date,the mechanism of an EN is still unclear,and the therapies remain unsatisfactory.The most frequently used treatments are surgery and laser therapy.Several drugs have also been tested.An EN requires more attention,and further research is needed to provide appropriate and effective treatments for each patient.

Cardiogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on elastomeric poly (glycerol sebacate)/collagen core/shell fibers

AIM: To facilitate engineering of suitable biomaterials to meet the challenges associated with myocardial infarction. METHODS: Poly (glycerol sebacate)/collagen (PGS/ collagen) core/shell fibers were fabricated by core/ shell electrospinning technique, with core as PGS and shell as collagen polymer; and the scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle and tensile testing for cardiac tissue engineering. Collagen nanofibers were also fabricated by electrospinning for comparison with core/shell fibers. Studies on cell-scaffold interaction were carriedout using cardiac cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) co-culture system with cardiac cells and MSCs separately serving as positive and negative controls respectively. The co-culture system was characterized for cell proliferation and differentiation of MSCs into cardiomyogenic lineage in the co-culture environment using dual immunocytochemistry. The co-culture cells were stained with cardiac specific marker proteins like actinin and troponin and MSC specific marker protein CD 105 for proving the cardiogenic differentiation of MSCs. Further the morphology of cells was analyzed using SEM.RESULTS: PGS/collagen core/shell fibers, core is PGS polymer having an elastic modulus related to that of cardiac fibers and shell as collagen, providing natural environment for cellular activities like cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. SEM micrographs of electrospun fibrous scaffolds revealed porous, beadless, uniform fibers with a fiber diameter in the range of 380 ± 77 nm and 1192 ± 277 nm for collagen fibers and PGS/collagen core/shell fibers respectively. The obtained PGS/collagen core/shell fibrous scaffolds were hydrophilic having a water contact angle of 17.9 ± 4.6° compared to collagen nanofibers which had a contact angle value of 30 ± 3.2°. The PGS/collagen core/shell fibers had mechanical properties comparable to that of native heart muscle with a young's modulus of 4.24 ± 0.7 MPa, while that of collagen nanofibers was comparatively higher around 30.11 ± 1.68 MPa. FTIR spectrum was performed to confirm the functional groups present in the electrospun scaffolds. Amide Ⅰ and amide Ⅱ of collagen were detected at 1638.95 cm -1 and 1551.64 cm -1 in the electrospun collagen fibers and at 1646.22 cm -1 and 1540.73 cm -1 for PGS/collagen core/shell fibers respectively. Cell culture studies performed using MSCs and cardiac cells co-culture environment, indicated that the cellproliferation significantly increased on PGS/collagen core/shell scaffolds compared to collagen fibers and the cardiac marker proteins actinin and troponin were expressed more on PGS/collagen core/shell scaffolds compared to collagen fibers alone. Dual immunofluorescent staining was performed to further confirm the cardiogenic differentiation of MSCs by employing MSC specific marker protein, CD 105 and cardiac specific marker protein, actinin. SEM observations of cardiac cells showed normal morphology on PGS/collagen fibers and providing adequate tensile strength for the regeneration of myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION: Combination of PGS/collagen fibers and cardiac cells/MSCs co-culture system providing natural microenvironments to improve cell survival and differentiation, could bring cardiac tissue engineering to clinical application.

Synthesis, Characterization and in vitro Degradation Properties of Poly(Propylene Fumarate-co-Propylene Sebacate) Networks

Poly（propylene fumarate-co-propylene sebacate） （P（PF-co-PS）） was crosslinked with Nvinyl pyrrolidone （N-VP） to form networks. It was investigated as biodegradable bone cement. In this paper, P（PF-co-PS） was synthesized and characterized by ^1H-NMR, FTIR and GPC. The effects of the amount of sebacate segments in P（PF-co-PS） main chains and the quantity of N-vinyl pyrrolidone on the in vitro degradation of the polymer networks were examined. Cylindrical specimens were submerged in phosphate buffered saline （PBS） at 37 ℃ and the pH value of PBS is 7.4 for 10 weeks. The gravimetry and compressive mechanical properties were tested over the degradation period. Networks formed by P（PF-oo-PS）8020/N-VP exhibited higher weight loss and better mechanical properties when compared with poly（propylene fumarate）/N-VP networks. The mechanical properties of P（PF-co-PS）/N-VP can be maintained for a very long time, even for 70 days, the yield strength, fracture strength and compressive modulus are （51.78 ± 2.01） MPa, （52.331 ± 1.84） MPa and （957.78 ± 24.40） MPa, respectively. The results demonstrate that the compressive mechanical properties and degradation velocity can be modulated by the amount of crosslinking agents and sebacate segments along the main chains of copolymers.

Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Diethyl Sebacate in a Topical Antimycotic Medicament

Diethyl sebacate is used in topical medicaments in United States and Japan. We described a case of allergic contact dermatitis from diethyl sebacate in a topical antimycotic medicament. Allergic reaction to diethyl sebacate is likely more common because our group has found three of eight sensitized cases. We believe that an investigation regarding the sensitized frequency to diethyl sebacate would conduct to improve the safety of products in United States and Japan.

Genetic and histological relationship between pheromone-secreting tissues of the musk gland and skin of juvenile Chinese forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii Flerov,1929)

Background The musk glands of adult male Chinese forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii Flerov,1929)(FMD),which are considered as special skin glands,secrete a mixture of sebum,lipids,and proteins into the musk pod.Together,these components form musk,which plays an important role in attracting females during the breeding season.However,the relationship between the musk glands and skin of Chinese FMD remains undiscovered.Here,the musk gland and skin of Chinese FMD were examined using histological analysis and RNA sequencing(RNA-seq),and the expression of key regulatory genes was evaluated to determine whether the musk gland is derived from the skin.Methods A comparative analysis of musk gland anatomy between juvenile and adult Chinese FMD was conducted.Then,based on the anatomical structure of the musk gland,skin tissues from the abdomen and back as well as musk gland tissues were obtained from three juvenile FMD.These tissues were used for RNA-seq,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,immunohistochemistry(IHC),western blot(WB),and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)experiments.Results Anatomical analysis showed that only adult male FMD had a complete glandular organ and musk pod,while juvenile FMD did not have any well-developed musk pods.Transcriptomic data revealed that 88.24%of genes were co-expressed in the skin and musk gland tissues.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway analysis found that the genes co-expressed in the abdomen skin,back skin,and musk gland were enriched in biological development,endocrine system,lipid metabolism,and other pathways.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis indicated that the genes expressed in these tissues were enriched in biological processes such as multicellular development and cell division.Moreover,the Metascape predictive analysis tool demonstrated that genes expressed in musk glands were skin tissue-specific.qRT-PCR and WB revealed that sex-determining region Y-box protein 9(Sox9),Caveolin-1(Cav-1),and androgen receptor(AR)were expressed in all three tissues,although the expression levels differed among the tissues.According to the IHC results,Sox9 and AR were expressed in the nuclei of sebaceous gland,hair follicle,and musk gland cells,whereas Cav-1 was expressed in the cell membrane.Conclusions The musk gland of Chinese FMD may be a derivative of skin tissue,and Sox9,Cav-1,and AR may play significant roles in musk gland development.

A volar skin excisional wound model for in situ evaluation of multiple-appendage regeneration and innervation

Background:Promoting rapid wound healing with functional recovery of all skin appendages is the main goal of regenerative medicine.So far current methodologies,including the commonly used back excisional wound model(BEWM)and paw skin scald wound model,are focused on assessing the regeneration of either hair follicles(HFs)or sweat glands(SwGs).How to achieve de novo appendage regeneration by synchronized evaluation of HFs,SwGs and sebaceous glands(SeGs)is still challenging.Here,we developed a volar skin excisional wound model(VEWM)that is suitable for examining cutaneous wound healing with multiple-appendage restoration,as well as innervation,providing a new research paradigm for the perfect regeneration of skin wounds.Methods:Macroscopic observation,iodine-starch test,morphological staining and qRT-PCR anal-ysis were used to detect the existence of HFs,SwGs,SeGs and distribution of nerve fibres in the volar skin.Wound healing process monitoring,HE/Masson staining,fractal analysis and behavioral response assessment were performed to verify that VEWM could mimic the pathological process and outcomes of human scar formation and sensory function impairment.Results:HFs are limited to the inter-footpads.SwGs are densely distributed in the footpads,scattered in the IFPs.The volar skin is richly innervated.The wound area of the VEWM at 1,3,7 and 10 days after the operation is respectively 89.17%±2.52%,71.72%±3.79%,55.09%±4.94%and 35.74%±4.05%,and the final scar area accounts for 47.80%±6.22%of the initial wound.While the wound area of BEWM at 1,3,7 and 10 days after the operation are respectively 61.94%±5.34%,51.26%±4.89%,12.63%±2.86%and 6.14%±2.84%,and the final scar area accounts for 4.33%±2.67%of the initial wound.Fractal analysis of the post-traumatic repair site for VEWM vs human was performed:lacunarity values,0.040±0.012 vs 0.038±0.014;fractal dimen-sion values,1.870±0.237 vs 1.903±0.163.Sensory nerve function of normal skin vs post-traumatic repair site was assessed:mechanical threshold,1.05±0.52 vs 4.90 g±0.80;response rate to pin-prick,100%vs 71.67%±19.92%,and temperature threshold,50.34◦C±3.11◦C vs 52.13◦C±3.54◦C.Conclusions:VEWM closely reflects the pathological features of human wound healing and can be applied for skin multiple-appendages regeneration and innervation evaluation.

Efficient synthesis of hydroxyl functioned polyesters from natural polyols and sebacic acid

Amphiphilic hydroxyl functioned polyester（HFP） can be used as compatibilizers for blends of starch and resins.We developed a synthetic method for effective preparation of HFPs.Water was removed by high flow rate N_2 rather than high vacuum during polycondensation of sebacic acid with xylitol,sorbitol,or mannitol in the presence of dehydrative condensation catalyst and the product is with[η]of 27.2 mL/g,M_n of 1903,M_w of 167,693,T_g of -30.5℃,T_m of 44.0℃.Weight loss is 1.73%under 200℃. The integral distributions of molecular weight are 43.6 wt%and 63.8 wt%over 10,000 and 3000,respectively.The results indicated that higher molecular weight HFP was economically synthesized.

Supramolecularly assembled water layers stabilized by sebacic anions in complexes of Zn(II) and Co(II)

Two three-dimensional supramolecular water architectures,[Zn(phen)3]2 ·[Zn(C10H16O4)·(H2O)3]·(C10H16O4)2·20H2O(1) and [Co(phen)3]2 ·[Co(H2O)6]·(C10H16O4)3·30H2O(2)[phen=1,10-Phenanthroline,C10H16O4=sebacic dianion],have been synthesized and characterized by IR,elemental analysis,thermogravimetric analysis,and single-crystal X-ray diffractions.The two structures both contain extensive hydrogen bonding between water molecules as well as between water molecules and sebacic anions.The water molecules and sebacic acid O atoms assembled 2D supramolecular corrugated sheets with different morphology in the two complexes.

Synthesis and Properties of PGS-Li Scaffold

Lithium ion-doped polyglycerol sebacate scaftbld（PGS）-Li was synthesized by adding lithium ions to po- lyglycerol sebacate（PGS） during its crosslinking process due to the specific effects of lithium ions on periodontal li- gament cells, cementoblasts and the eminent performance of PGS. The molecular mass, composition, structure, porosity, thermal properties, and hydrophilicity of the composite were characterized by gel permeation chromatogra- phy（GPC）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrome- ter（ICP-OES）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, thermogravimetric analyzer（TGA） and contact angle measurments, and the degradation of the material was evaluated by in vitro degra- dation experiments. The biological activity of PGS-Li scaffold was detected by calcein-AM staining and cytotoxicity test. The results indicate that PGS-Li scaffold has been successfully synthesized, which has similar composition and structure to PGS, but slightly larger molecular weight. In addition, the porosity and pore size of PGS-Li scaffold ba- sically meet the requirements of engineering scaffold materials and the seaffold shows better performance in terms of hydrophilicity and thermal stability than PGS. In vitro degradation experimental results show that the degradation rate of PGS-Li scaffold is higher than that of PGS. What＇s more, the results of cytotoxicity test and cell staining show that there is no significant difference in the proliferation and cell morphology of cementoblasts.