复合桩墙锚支护技术在深基坑中的应用

针对传统的支护结构土压力计算存在的缺陷,介绍了一种新型复合桩墙支护技术和特点,当基坑支护深度较大或需对基坑及周围环境变形进行严格控制时,可对桩墙顶部采用预应力斜锚、桩墙中部采用锚杆、预应力锚杆等技术配合支护,具有止水挡土双重作用,介于刚性重力式挡墙和柔性悬壁桩墙间的一种属半刚性、半柔性支护结构。实例结果表明,该支护经济实用,有较高的推广应用价值。

A case study on behaviors of composite soil nailed wall with bored piles in a deep excavation

A complete case of a deep excavation was explored. According to the practical working conditions, a 3D non-linear finite element procedure is used to simulate a deep excavation supported by the composite soil nailed wall with bored piles in soft soil. The modified cam clay model is employed as the constitutive relationship of the soil in the numerical simulation. Results from the numerical analysis are fitted well with the field data, which indicate that the research approach used is reliable. Based on the field data and numerical results of the deep excavation supported by four different patterns of the composite soil nailed wall, the significant corner effect is founded in the 3D deep excavation. If bored piles or soil anchors are considered in the composite soil nailed wall, they are beneficial to decreasing deformations and internal forces of bored piles, cement mixing piles, soil anchors, soil nailings and soil around the deep excavation. Besides, the effects due to bored piles are more significant than those deduced from soil anchors. All mentioned above prove that the composite soil nailed wall with bored piles is feasible in the deep excavation.

Advanced Sheet Pile Curtain Design: Case Study of Cotonou East Corniche

This paper delves into the critical aspects of sheet pile walls in civil engineering, highlighting their versatility in soil protection, retention, and waterproofing, all while emphasizing sustainability and efficient construction practices. The paper explores two fundamental approaches to sheet pile design: limit equilibrium methods and numerical techniques, with a particular focus on finite element analysis. Utilizing the robust PLAXIS 2016 calculation code based on the finite element method and employing a simplified elastoplastic model (Mohr-Coulomb), this study meticulously models the interaction between sheet pile walls and surrounding soil. The research offers valuable insights into settlement and deformation patterns that adjacent buildings may experience during various construction phases. The central objective of this paper is to present the study’s findings and recommend potential mitigation measures for settlement effects on nearby structures. By unraveling the intricate interplay between sheet pile wall construction and neighboring buildings, the paper equips engineers and practitioners to make informed decisions that ensure the safety and integrity of the built environment. In the context of the Cotonou East Corniche development, the study addresses the limitations of existing software, such as RIDO, in predicting settlements and deformations affecting nearby buildings due to the substantial load supported by sheet pile walls. This information gap necessitates a comprehensive study to assess potential impacts on adjacent structures and propose suitable mitigation measures. The research underscores the intricate dynamics between sheet pile wall construction and its influence on the local environment. It emphasizes the critical importance of proactive engineering and vigilant monitoring in managing and mitigating potential hazards to nearby buildings. To mitigate these risks, the paper recommends measures such as deep foundations, ground improvement techniques, and retrofitting. The findings presented in this study contribute significantly to the field of civil engineering and offer invaluable insights into the multifaceted dynamics of construction-induced settlement. The study underscores the importance of continuous evaluation and coordination between construction teams and building owners to effectively manage the impacts of sheet pile wall construction on adjacent structures.

Mechanical Behaviors and Deformation Properties of Retaining Wall Formed by Grouting Mould-Bag Pile

The simplified mechanical model and finite element model are established on the basis of the measured results and analysis of the grouting pile deformation monitoring,surface horizontal displacement and vertical displacement monitoring,deep horizontal displacement(inclinometer)monitoring,soil pressure monitoring and seepage pressure monitoring in the lower reaches of Wuan River regulation project in Shishi,Fujian Province.The mechanical behavior and deformation performance of mould-bag pile retaining wall formed after controlled cement grouting in the silty stratum of the test section are analyzed and compared.The results show that the use of controlled cement grouting mould-bag pile technology is to strengthen the soft stratum for sealing water and reinforcement,so that it can rock into a retaining wall,which can both retain soil and seal water with excellent effect.The control of cement grouting technology not only makes the soft soil rock in the range of retaining wall of mould-bag pile,but also makes a wide range of soil around the mould-bag pile squeeze and embed to compaction;and its cohesion and internal friction angle increased,so as to achieve the purpose of reducing soil pressure and improving mechanical and deformation properties of retaining wall.

Improvement of Technological Solutions for Sheet Piling Walls Made of U-Shape Piles

As it is evident from the practice of construction and maintenance of thin retaining walls, the degree of developing of frictional forces in interlock connections of steel sheet U-shape piles essentially influences the realization of the values of geometric characteristics of the piles cross-section （the moment of inertia and the section modulus） reduced to the length unit of the construction. The article offers new and simple solutions for realization and economically effective technological approaches to provide joint work of the sheet piles being considered, which improve the adequacy of design and reliability of maintenance of thin retaining walls.

Soil Plug Effect Prediction and Pile Driveability Analysis for Large-Diameter Steel Piles in Ocean Engineering

Long steel piles with large diameters have been more widely used in the field of ocean engineering. Owing to the pile with a large diameter, soil plug development during pile driving has great influences on pile driveability and bearing capacity. The response of soil plug developed inside the open-ended pipe pile during the dynamic condition of pile-driving is different from the response under the static condition of loading during service. This paper addresses the former aspect. A numerical procedure for soil plug effect prediction and pile driveabihty analysis is proposed and described. By taking into consideration of the pile dimension effect on side and tip resistance, this approach introduces a dimensional coefficient to the conventional static eqnihbrium equations for the plug differential unit and proposes an improved static equity method for the plug effect prediction. At the same time, this approach introduces a simplified model by use of one-dimensional stress wave equation to simulate the interaction between soil plug and pile inner wall. The proposed approach has been applied in practical engineering analyses. Results show that the calculated plug effect and pile driveabihty based on the proposed approach agree well with the observed data.

The Application of Pile Foundation Bearing-Retaining Wall Combination Structure in a Mountainous Urban High Fill Project

Pile foundation bearing-retaining wall combination structure is a new type of support structure developed in recent years.This article focuses on the characteristics,advantages,and application scope of the support structure,while combining a variety of algorithms,according to different geological conditions and slope stability,as well as summarizes the pile foundation bearing-retaining wall combination structure force analysis and design methods,taking a high-fill road project in Chongqing as an example.The application of this support structure under special conditions,such as thicker soil layer,steeper sliding surface,weak foundation,and limited slope release conditions,is presented,which illustrates the technical advantages of this support structure and proving that it has several other advantages,including clear force mechanism as well as economic and reasonable structure,thus providing reference for similar projects.

大直径嵌岩灌注桩承载特性试验与有限元模拟

基于青岛某工程的4根大直径嵌岩灌注桩,在现场开展了单桩竖向抗压静载试验和桩身完整性测试,以明确大直径嵌岩灌注桩在竖向荷载下的承载特征,拟揭示不同荷载水平下嵌岩灌注桩的承载力发挥机制。结合不同嵌岩深度的单桩承载性能有限元模拟,重点分析了单桩在不同嵌岩深度下的竖向抗压承载特性和桩土位移分布特征。研究表明:在笔者试验条件下,大直径嵌岩灌注桩单桩竖向抗压承载力具有一定离散性,桩头部位的损坏会极大影响单桩承载力的有效发挥;加载完成后,数值模拟得到的桩顶沉降量为31.56 mm,约为现场实测值的1.1倍,模拟结果与实测结果较为吻合;通过不同嵌岩比的模拟结果对比发现,嵌岩深度越大桩端阻力占桩顶荷载的比例越小,且桩端阻力占比的变化速率随着嵌岩比的增加逐渐减缓;嵌岩深度取2.5倍桩径为宜。

薄壁管桩在高速公路软基处理中的应用

结合现浇薄壁管桩在盐通高速公路软基加固中的应用,对管桩施工方法和承载特性进行了分析研究,并进行了小应变测试、静载荷试验和现场开挖等检测分析。工程实践应用表明,薄壁管桩施工方便,承载力高,成桩质量可靠,具有较大的应用推广价值。

框架梁与锚索桩板墙加固隧道洞口边坡的动力响应特性

针对山岭隧道洞口在降雨、地震等因素作用下易产生变形破坏的问题,以某处采用框架梁与锚索桩板墙支护的隧道洞口边坡工程为原型,开展几何比尺为1∶50的振动台模型试验,分析降雨后地震作用下边坡的动力响应特性及失稳变形规律。结果表明:降雨后坡面无局部破坏,地震作用下边坡的破坏过程可归纳为坡顶张拉破坏—坡脚剪切溃裂—坡体整体失稳滑动,边坡表现为张拉—剪切型破坏;边坡峰值加速度放大系数呈层状分布,“高程效应”与“趋表效应”显著,均随输入正弦波频率、幅值的增加而增大;边坡土体峰值应变分布与坡体滑动破坏面较吻合;桩体锚索轴力与输入正弦波频率、幅值呈正相关,强震作用下锚索轴力增幅显著;桩后峰值土压力近似呈三角形分布,桩体嵌固段内桩土压力最大;桩体弯矩呈“b”型分布,嵌固段内桩体峰值弯矩最大,抗震设计中应注意验算其抗弯强度;桩后土压力与桩体加速度FFT谱幅值主要集中于低频段,结构动力响应主要受地震波低频段部分影响。

双龙特大桥新型组合式拱座基础设计与施工

重庆巫山县双龙特大桥主桥为计算跨径245 m的中承式钢箱拱桥。双龙岸拱座位于溶隙普遍发育、溶蚀作用强烈的角砾状灰岩中,针对拱座处复杂的地质条件及受力要求,提出一种新型“墙式基础+竖桩”组合基础,墙式基础和竖桩分别承担水平推力和竖向压力,受力明确。拱座横桥向宽21.6 m,顺桥向长11 m,为钢筋混凝土重力式实体结构,采用承台群桩基础,拱座后接4 m厚背墙,背墙连接3根地梁,地梁后接墙式基础。计算结果表明:桩顶最大水平位移2.95 mm,单桩轴向受压承载力安全系数2.22,墙式基础最大主拉应力0.35 MPa,拱座基础抗推、抗压、抗裂能力强。拱座基础按地梁、墙式基础和拱座开挖→桩基开挖、浇筑→墙式基础、地梁和拱座浇筑的顺序施工,并采取注浆加固、护壁支护、桩基防水等施工防护措施,确保施工安全。

宜宾金沙江公铁两用桥主墩基础施工技术

宜宾金沙江公铁两用桥主桥为(116+120+336+120+116)m五跨连续双层桥面系杆拱桥,主拱为336m钢箱系杆拱。2号、3号主墩均采用3.4m大直径钻孔桩基础。2号主墩基础采用筑岛施工方案。2号主墩承台开挖高度达24.0m,采用土钉墙防护技术对承台高边坡进行防护,降低现场施工难度。3号主墩基础采用双支栈桥+水上钻孔平台的施工方案,钻孔平台兼做水上提升站。3号主墩承台采用可重复利用的拆装式双壁钢套箱围堰施工技术,围堰侧板止水锁口钢管的两侧焊接月牙形锁口,方便插入和拔除,且止水效果好。

地震作用下桩板墙-锚索组合支护基覆型边坡的动力响应特性

地震作用下,惯性力方向对组合结构、土体、岩体的平衡状态影响显著。为深入理解桩板墙组合支护结构-基覆型边坡相互作用特性,以西南地区一隧道进口端基覆型高陡边坡为原型,开展一组简谐波加载下组合结构加固边坡的大型振动台模型试验,考虑惯性力方向对桩-土、格构锚索-坡体时程特性展开分析。结果表明:(1)惯性力作用下格构锚索-土体相互作用与桩-土相互作用表现出近似的时程一致性规律,但坡面加固结构惯性力峰值沿高程存在的相位差不可忽视。(2)结构与边坡土体的相互作用大小取决于相对惯性运动,桩-基岩相互作用由悬臂段变形状态决定。(3)惯性力达到临空面峰值,动土压力达到峰值,桩-土位移差达到正向峰值,桩身呈现外倾的主动破坏状态,锚固段前侧受力因外倾而挤压增大,因而悬臂段采用库仑主动土压力进行设计需结合桩土状态进行修正。(4)简谐波作用下,坡体惯性力及变形是组合支挡结构沿高程受力分布特性的关键因素,组合结构设计时需重点关注坡脚应力集中区及坡顶惯性力放大区。本研究可为组合结构抗震加固设计提供理论支撑。

高速公路软基路堤改扩建若干问题与建议

基于大量高速公路改扩建工程实践,对软基路堤改扩建的若干问题给出建议。水塘路段不能在塘底进行地基处理施工时宜采用搅拌桩,采用刚性桩时宜按桩承堤设计。既有边坡下软基处理工作面宜采用削陡边坡或钢板桩支护等方式形成。拼宽路堤沿其与既有路堤的界面滑动稳定性满足要求时,可不设置台阶。普通土拼宽路堤台阶壁宜倾斜、平台宜水平或轻微外倾。竖壁台阶高度大于44cm时会在台阶壁附近形成虚土区,需利用液压夯实或冲击碾压等对虚土进行压实,台阶高度大于2m时可利用注浆将虚土胶结。轻质土拼宽路堤不应用作挡土墙,应设置易于施工的排水设施,以避免轻质土拼宽路堤后面积水。轻质土拼宽路堤滑动稳定分析时,应只考虑斜坡范围内的交通荷载。除长螺旋桩机施工的钻孔桩外,其他桩帽之间不必设置连梁。

长江堤防工程水泥土防渗墙施工质量控制

通过对深层搅拌桩防渗墙施工技术的研究 ,提出深层搅拌桩防渗墙施工质量控制和质量评定的基本方法。施工初期的生产性试验、施工过程中的工序质量控制、单元工程质量评定和成墙墙体的质量检验对于深层搅拌水泥土防渗墙施工质量尤为重要。

跨栈桥煤仓的基础设计及施工

为保证新建跨栈桥籽煤仓施工过程的安全,同时保证施工过程中选煤厂现有系统的正常生产,通过将新建籽煤仓范围内现有产品栈桥的部分土建结构拆除,并利用新建钢桁架将现有产品带式输送机托起,从而完成了跨栈桥煤仓的基础设计与施工。结果表明:该设计方法可在选煤厂不停产的情况下完成新建跨栈桥煤仓基础的安全施工,有效缩短了施工工期,使选煤厂如期达产,减少了企业的停产损失,同时也降低了建筑工程投资,增加了企业的经济效益;此外提出了部分无埋深筒仓的基础设计方法,可为选煤厂厂房或筒仓的设计提供一定借鉴。

复杂地质条件密集小净距群桩施工技术

依托成都恒邦天府云玺项目,介绍高层建筑群桩基础在地质复杂、桩间距小、桩长≥30.0 m条件下,采用多次试桩来确定桩基施工工艺的过程。根据试桩结果,ϕ800mm桩采用“中长护筒跟进+泥浆护壁”方案,ϕ1200mm桩采用“全护筒护壁”方案,遇塌孔时安装钢护筒进入稳定土层≥2.0 m。经检测施工桩基均为Ⅰ类桩,单桩竖向抗压承载力满足设计和规范要求。

振动沉模大直径现浇薄壁管桩技术及其应用(Ⅰ):开发研制与设计

振动沉模现浇混凝土薄壁管桩(PCC桩)技术是河海大学自主开发研制的用于地基加固处理的专利技术,是一种适合于软土地区的新型高效优质桩型,可有效地提高地基承载力和减小地基沉降。笔者介绍了振动沉模现浇混凝土薄壁管桩的技术原理、加固机理、施工设备、施工工艺及其设计与质量检测方法。该桩型具有承载力高、质量可靠和工程造价低等优点,具有较大的推广应用价值。

带有超前微桩土钉墙的内部稳定性的探讨

超前微桩已在软弱地基的基坑支护中得到广泛应用。而目前对土钉墙设计而言 ,往往把超前微桩作为一种安全储备 ,没有考虑超前微桩对土钉墙内部稳定性所起的作用 ,设计理论已滞后于工程实践。因此 ,从带有超前微桩的土钉墙破坏形式及其计算方法出发 ,编制了能够计算带有超前微桩的土钉墙内部稳定系数的程序 ,并且用工程实例进行验证 ,认为在软弱土层中打设超前微桩可以增加土钉墙内部稳定性。

现浇混凝土薄壁管桩质量检测与评价

介绍振动沉模大直径现浇混凝土薄壁管桩 (简称PCC桩 )的成桩机理和技术特点 ,着重讨论了垂直反射法的实测方法和要点 ,结合工程实例分析了该类桩常见缺陷的反射波波形特征和主要成因 ,指出合理应用应力波垂直反射法可以准确地判断PCC桩桩身缺陷的性质和位置 ,对其完整性和混凝土质量进行客观的评价。