Crystallographic texture and earing behavior analysis for different second cold reductions of double-reduction tinplate

Since the production of tinplate with non-earing properties is difficult, especially when it is produced via the double-reduction process, the optimal degree of second cold reduction is particularly important for achieving desirable drawing properties. The evolution of texture and the earing propensity of double-reduction tinplate with different extents of second reduction were investigated in this study. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the changes in the microstructure at various extents of reduction. Two common testing methods, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and electron backscatter diffraction, were used to investigate the texture of the specimens, which revealed the effects of deformation percentage on the final texture development and the change in the grain boundary. The earing rate was determined via earing tests involving measurement of the height of any ear. The results obtained from both XRD analyses and earing tests revealed the same ideal value for the second cold reduction on the basis of the relationship between crystallographic texture and the degree of earing.

东方科学与文明的复兴

自2500年前以来,人类的科学和文明存在着至今仍具有巨大影响的两大相对独立的流派。一个是源于古希腊的西方科学与文明,一个是源于古代中国的东方科学与文明。前者的科学思想是还原论,方法是公理化研究方法。后者的科学思想是整体论,方法是实用化研究方法。我们认为,西方科学与文明的发展目前出现了瓶颈问题,无论是西方科学自身的发展,还是在处理与社会、经济和环境的关系上,都遇到了很大的障碍,出现了不可持续的严重问题。与此同时,科学的发展、社会和经济的进步都呼唤一种新的科学、新的文明,而它们的核心思想与东方科学和文明的核心思想不谋而合,东方科学与文明将面临一个大的发展。东方科学与西方科学、东方文明与西方文明应当而且必然结合在一起,共同为经济发展和社会进步提供动力。