This essay mainly talks about usage of L1 and L2 from various perspectives.Throughout the article some knowledge related to fields of L1 and L2 will be mentioned.
Advanced gastric cancer(a GC), not amenable to curative surgery, is still a burdensome illness tormenting afflicted patients and their healthcare providers. Whereas combination chemotherapy has been shown to improve s...Advanced gastric cancer(a GC), not amenable to curative surgery, is still a burdensome illness tormenting afflicted patients and their healthcare providers. Whereas combination chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival and tumor related symptoms in the frontline setting, second-line therapy(SLT) is subject to much debate in the scientific community, mainly because of the debilitating effects of GC, which would impede the administration of cytotoxic therapy. Recent data has provided sufficient evidence for the safe use of SLT in patients with an adequate performance status. Taxanes, Irinotecan and even some Fluoropyrimidine analogs were found to provide a survival advantage in this subset of patients. Most importantly, quality of life measures were also improved through the use of adequate therapy. Even more pertinent were the findings involving antiangiogenic agents, which would add measurable improvements without significantly jeopardizing the patients' well-being. Further lines of therapy are cause for much more debate nowadays, but specific targeted agents have shown considerable promise in this context. We herein review noteworthy published data involving the use of additional lines of the therapy after failure of standard frontline therapies in patients with a GC.展开更多
The objective is to develop an approach for the determination of the target reliability index for serviceability limit state(SLS) of single piles. This contributes to conducting the SLS reliability-based design(RBD) o...The objective is to develop an approach for the determination of the target reliability index for serviceability limit state(SLS) of single piles. This contributes to conducting the SLS reliability-based design(RBD) of piles. Based on a two-parameter,hyperbolic curve-fitting equation describing the load-settlement relation of piles, the SLS model factor is defined. Then, taking into account the uncertainties of load-settlement model, load and bearing capacity of piles, the formula for computing the SLS reliability index(βsls) is obtained using the mean value first order second moment(MVFOSM) method. Meanwhile, the limit state function for conducting the SLS reliability analysis by the Monte Carlo simulation(MCS) method is established. These two methods are finally applied to determine the SLS target reliability index. Herein, the limiting tolerable settlement(slt) is treated as a random variable. For illustration, four load test databases from South Africa are compiled again to conduct reliability analysis and present the recommended target reliability indices. The results indicate that the MVFOSM method overestimates βsls compared to that computed by the MCS method. Besides, both factor of safety(FS) and slt are key factors influencing βsls, so the combination of FS and βsls is welcome to be used for the SLS reliability analysis of piles when slt is determined. For smaller slt, pile types and soils conditions have significant influence on the SLS target reliability indices; for larger slt, slt is the major factor having influence on the SLS target reliability indices. This proves that slt is the most key parameter for the determination of the SLS target reliability index.展开更多
目的 基于分泌卷曲相关蛋白2(secreted frizzled-related protein 2,SFRP2)基因,评价荧光定量法(Methy Light)、微滴数字PCR(droplet digital PCR,ddPCR)、核酸质谱、靶向亚硫酸氢盐二代测序4种甲基化检测方法。方法 对4种甲基化检测方...目的 基于分泌卷曲相关蛋白2(secreted frizzled-related protein 2,SFRP2)基因,评价荧光定量法(Methy Light)、微滴数字PCR(droplet digital PCR,ddPCR)、核酸质谱、靶向亚硫酸氢盐二代测序4种甲基化检测方法。方法 对4种甲基化检测方法的检测限(limit of detection, LOD)、定量限(limit of quantitation, LOQ)及稳定性方面进行比较,其中稳定性用变异系数(coefficient of variation,CV)来评估。结果 SFRP2基因在Methy Light、ddPCR、核酸质谱和靶向亚硫酸氢盐二代测序中的LOD分别为1.2500ng/孔、0.0625ng/孔、0.0625ng/孔、1.2500ng/孔,在LOD方面,ddPCR和核酸质谱的表现较好;SFRP2基因在MethyLight、ddPCR、核酸质谱和靶向亚硫酸氢盐二代测序中的LOQ分别为0.800%、0.032%、4.000%、0.032%,在LOQ方面,ddPCR和靶向亚硫酸氢盐二代测序的表现较好;SFRP2基因在MethyLight、ddPCR、核酸质谱和靶向亚硫酸氢盐二代测序中的变异系数分别为2.72%、0.68%、0.73%、0.15%,在稳定性方面,靶向亚硫酸氢盐二代测序的表现最好。结论 ddPCR的甲基化检测在检测限、定量限稳定性和经济性方面具有优越性,能够稳定地检测出肿瘤细胞的痕量游离DNA,在液态活检中具有广泛应用前景。展开更多
目的:探讨晚期胃/食管胃结合部(gastric/gastroesophageal junction,G/GEJ)腺癌适宜的二线治疗方案。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年3月于河南省肿瘤医院以紫杉醇单药和紫杉醇联合抗血管或程序性细胞死亡受体-1(programmed cell deat...目的:探讨晚期胃/食管胃结合部(gastric/gastroesophageal junction,G/GEJ)腺癌适宜的二线治疗方案。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年3月于河南省肿瘤医院以紫杉醇单药和紫杉醇联合抗血管或程序性细胞死亡受体-1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)单抗作为二线治疗的晚期G/GEJ腺癌的临床资料。结果:收集101例患者,中位随访时间为10.4个月,中位总生存期(overall survival,OS)为9.5个月。紫杉醇单药治疗组(43例)、紫杉类联合抗血管组(22例)和紫杉类联合免疫组(36例)客观缓解率(overall response rate,ORR)分别为9.3%、27.3%和30.6%,疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)分别为60.5%、86.4%和80.6%,中位无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)分别为2.7个月、4.3个月和3.9个月,中位OS分别为7.0个月、12.0个月和11.0个月,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。三组不良反应均可控,无新型不良事件发生,联合抗血管组高血压发生率为40.9%(9/22),联合PD-1单抗组免疫相关不良反应发生率为19.4%(7/36),与其他两组相比差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05);多因素分析显示美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)评分、腹膜转移是患者OS的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:紫杉类联合抗血管或PD-1单抗治疗可有效延长患者PFS及OS,临床疗效显著且安全性高,是晚期胃癌二线治疗可选择的方案。展开更多
文摘This essay mainly talks about usage of L1 and L2 from various perspectives.Throughout the article some knowledge related to fields of L1 and L2 will be mentioned.
文摘Advanced gastric cancer(a GC), not amenable to curative surgery, is still a burdensome illness tormenting afflicted patients and their healthcare providers. Whereas combination chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival and tumor related symptoms in the frontline setting, second-line therapy(SLT) is subject to much debate in the scientific community, mainly because of the debilitating effects of GC, which would impede the administration of cytotoxic therapy. Recent data has provided sufficient evidence for the safe use of SLT in patients with an adequate performance status. Taxanes, Irinotecan and even some Fluoropyrimidine analogs were found to provide a survival advantage in this subset of patients. Most importantly, quality of life measures were also improved through the use of adequate therapy. Even more pertinent were the findings involving antiangiogenic agents, which would add measurable improvements without significantly jeopardizing the patients' well-being. Further lines of therapy are cause for much more debate nowadays, but specific targeted agents have shown considerable promise in this context. We herein review noteworthy published data involving the use of additional lines of the therapy after failure of standard frontline therapies in patients with a GC.
基金Projects(51278216,51308241)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013BS010)supported by the Funds of Henan University of Technology for High-level Talents,China
文摘The objective is to develop an approach for the determination of the target reliability index for serviceability limit state(SLS) of single piles. This contributes to conducting the SLS reliability-based design(RBD) of piles. Based on a two-parameter,hyperbolic curve-fitting equation describing the load-settlement relation of piles, the SLS model factor is defined. Then, taking into account the uncertainties of load-settlement model, load and bearing capacity of piles, the formula for computing the SLS reliability index(βsls) is obtained using the mean value first order second moment(MVFOSM) method. Meanwhile, the limit state function for conducting the SLS reliability analysis by the Monte Carlo simulation(MCS) method is established. These two methods are finally applied to determine the SLS target reliability index. Herein, the limiting tolerable settlement(slt) is treated as a random variable. For illustration, four load test databases from South Africa are compiled again to conduct reliability analysis and present the recommended target reliability indices. The results indicate that the MVFOSM method overestimates βsls compared to that computed by the MCS method. Besides, both factor of safety(FS) and slt are key factors influencing βsls, so the combination of FS and βsls is welcome to be used for the SLS reliability analysis of piles when slt is determined. For smaller slt, pile types and soils conditions have significant influence on the SLS target reliability indices; for larger slt, slt is the major factor having influence on the SLS target reliability indices. This proves that slt is the most key parameter for the determination of the SLS target reliability index.
文摘目的 基于分泌卷曲相关蛋白2(secreted frizzled-related protein 2,SFRP2)基因,评价荧光定量法(Methy Light)、微滴数字PCR(droplet digital PCR,ddPCR)、核酸质谱、靶向亚硫酸氢盐二代测序4种甲基化检测方法。方法 对4种甲基化检测方法的检测限(limit of detection, LOD)、定量限(limit of quantitation, LOQ)及稳定性方面进行比较,其中稳定性用变异系数(coefficient of variation,CV)来评估。结果 SFRP2基因在Methy Light、ddPCR、核酸质谱和靶向亚硫酸氢盐二代测序中的LOD分别为1.2500ng/孔、0.0625ng/孔、0.0625ng/孔、1.2500ng/孔,在LOD方面,ddPCR和核酸质谱的表现较好;SFRP2基因在MethyLight、ddPCR、核酸质谱和靶向亚硫酸氢盐二代测序中的LOQ分别为0.800%、0.032%、4.000%、0.032%,在LOQ方面,ddPCR和靶向亚硫酸氢盐二代测序的表现较好;SFRP2基因在MethyLight、ddPCR、核酸质谱和靶向亚硫酸氢盐二代测序中的变异系数分别为2.72%、0.68%、0.73%、0.15%,在稳定性方面,靶向亚硫酸氢盐二代测序的表现最好。结论 ddPCR的甲基化检测在检测限、定量限稳定性和经济性方面具有优越性,能够稳定地检测出肿瘤细胞的痕量游离DNA,在液态活检中具有广泛应用前景。
文摘目的:探讨晚期胃/食管胃结合部(gastric/gastroesophageal junction,G/GEJ)腺癌适宜的二线治疗方案。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年3月于河南省肿瘤医院以紫杉醇单药和紫杉醇联合抗血管或程序性细胞死亡受体-1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)单抗作为二线治疗的晚期G/GEJ腺癌的临床资料。结果:收集101例患者,中位随访时间为10.4个月,中位总生存期(overall survival,OS)为9.5个月。紫杉醇单药治疗组(43例)、紫杉类联合抗血管组(22例)和紫杉类联合免疫组(36例)客观缓解率(overall response rate,ORR)分别为9.3%、27.3%和30.6%,疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)分别为60.5%、86.4%和80.6%,中位无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)分别为2.7个月、4.3个月和3.9个月,中位OS分别为7.0个月、12.0个月和11.0个月,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。三组不良反应均可控,无新型不良事件发生,联合抗血管组高血压发生率为40.9%(9/22),联合PD-1单抗组免疫相关不良反应发生率为19.4%(7/36),与其他两组相比差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05);多因素分析显示美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)评分、腹膜转移是患者OS的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:紫杉类联合抗血管或PD-1单抗治疗可有效延长患者PFS及OS,临床疗效显著且安全性高,是晚期胃癌二线治疗可选择的方案。
