Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),conventionally consist of Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis.They occur in individuals with high risk genotype for the disease in the setting of appropriate environmental facto...Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),conventionally consist of Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis.They occur in individuals with high risk genotype for the disease in the setting of appropriate environmental factors.The pathogenesis of IBD involves a dysregulated autoimmune response to gut dysbiosis,which in turn is triggered due to exposure to various inciting environmental factors.But there is no clearly defined etiology of IBD and this type of disease is termed as“idiopathic IBD”,“classic IBD”,or“primary IBD”.We reviewed the current medical literature and found that certain etiological factors may be responsible for the development of IBD or IBD-like conditions,and we consider this form of de novo IBD as“secondary IBD”.Currently known factors that are potentially responsible for giving rise to secondary IBD are medications;bowel altering surgeries and transplantation of organs,stem cells or fecal microbiome.Medications associated with the development of secondary IBD include;immunomodulators,anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents,anti-interleukin agents,interferons,immune stimulating agents and checkpoint inhibitors.Colectomy can in some cases give rise to de novo CD,pouchitis of the ileal pouch,or postcolectomy enteritis syndrome.After solid organ transplantation or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,the recipient may develop de novo IBD or IBD flare.Fecal microbiota transplantation has been widely used to treat patients suffering from recurrent Clostridium difficile infection but can also causes IBD flares.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by deposition of amyloid beta, neurofibrillary tangles, astrogliosis and microgliosis, leading to neuronal dysfunction and loss in the br...Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by deposition of amyloid beta, neurofibrillary tangles, astrogliosis and microgliosis, leading to neuronal dysfunction and loss in the brain. Current treatments for Alzheimer’s disease primarily focus on enhancement of cholinergic transmission. However, these treatments are only symptomatic, and no disease-modifying drug is available for Alzheimer’s disease patients. This review will provide an overview of the proven antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-amyloidogenic, neuroprotective, and cognition-enhancing effects of curcumin and apigenin and discuss the potential of these compounds for Alzheimer’s disease prevention and treatment. We suggest that these compounds might delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease or slow down its progression, and they should enter clinical trials as soon as possible.展开更多
Paralysis agitans is a kind of nervous diseases of common occurrence. It is clinically classified into the primary and the secondary, the former being called Parkinson’s disease and the latter the secondary Parkinson...Paralysis agitans is a kind of nervous diseases of common occurrence. It is clinically classified into the primary and the secondary, the former being called Parkinson’s disease and the latter the secondary Parkinson’s syndrome, but both being characterized by tremor, tetanic muscle tone and decrease in movement. It is generally considered as a syndrome with deficiency展开更多
文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),conventionally consist of Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis.They occur in individuals with high risk genotype for the disease in the setting of appropriate environmental factors.The pathogenesis of IBD involves a dysregulated autoimmune response to gut dysbiosis,which in turn is triggered due to exposure to various inciting environmental factors.But there is no clearly defined etiology of IBD and this type of disease is termed as“idiopathic IBD”,“classic IBD”,or“primary IBD”.We reviewed the current medical literature and found that certain etiological factors may be responsible for the development of IBD or IBD-like conditions,and we consider this form of de novo IBD as“secondary IBD”.Currently known factors that are potentially responsible for giving rise to secondary IBD are medications;bowel altering surgeries and transplantation of organs,stem cells or fecal microbiome.Medications associated with the development of secondary IBD include;immunomodulators,anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents,anti-interleukin agents,interferons,immune stimulating agents and checkpoint inhibitors.Colectomy can in some cases give rise to de novo CD,pouchitis of the ileal pouch,or postcolectomy enteritis syndrome.After solid organ transplantation or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,the recipient may develop de novo IBD or IBD flare.Fecal microbiota transplantation has been widely used to treat patients suffering from recurrent Clostridium difficile infection but can also causes IBD flares.
文摘Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by deposition of amyloid beta, neurofibrillary tangles, astrogliosis and microgliosis, leading to neuronal dysfunction and loss in the brain. Current treatments for Alzheimer’s disease primarily focus on enhancement of cholinergic transmission. However, these treatments are only symptomatic, and no disease-modifying drug is available for Alzheimer’s disease patients. This review will provide an overview of the proven antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-amyloidogenic, neuroprotective, and cognition-enhancing effects of curcumin and apigenin and discuss the potential of these compounds for Alzheimer’s disease prevention and treatment. We suggest that these compounds might delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease or slow down its progression, and they should enter clinical trials as soon as possible.
文摘Paralysis agitans is a kind of nervous diseases of common occurrence. It is clinically classified into the primary and the secondary, the former being called Parkinson’s disease and the latter the secondary Parkinson’s syndrome, but both being characterized by tremor, tetanic muscle tone and decrease in movement. It is generally considered as a syndrome with deficiency
