基于Adh基因家族序列的牡丹组(Sect.MoutanDC.)种间关系

测定了牡丹组 7个种 10个野生居群共 10份样品的全部Adh1A、Adh1B和Adh2基因序列。结合前人已报道的牡丹野生种的Adh基因序列 ,以芍药组 (Sect .Paeonia)和北美芍药组 (Sect.Oneapia)的种作外类群 ,用PAUP (4 0b 4a)计算机程序构建了牡丹组全部 8个种的Adh1A、Adh1B和Adh2基因树 (最大简约树和邻接树 ) ,同时进行了Adh1A、Adh1B和Adh2基因序列的合并分析。结果表明 ,牡丹组的 8个种分为两个具有 90 %以上自展值支持的单系分支 ,分别对应Stern (194 6 )根据形态划分的革质花盘亚组 (Subsect .Vaginatae)和肉质花盘亚组 (Subsect.Delavayanae)。在革质花盘亚组内 ,本研究结果支持银屏牡丹 (Paeoniasuffruticosassp .yinpingmudan)和凤丹 (P .ostii)、紫斑牡丹 (P .rockii)和四川牡丹 (P .decomposita)以及矮牡丹 (P .jishanensis)和卵叶牡丹 (P .qiui)各种之间有更近的亲缘关系 ,但有关牡丹复合体 (P .suffruticosacomplex)内各种间更进一步的关系还有待进一步研究。根据Adh基因树并结合前人的结果对牡丹组的种间关系进行了详细的讨论。

Isozyme Phenotypic Difference of Varicorhinus macrolepis Malic Enzyme

By using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and biochemical straining method, malic enzyme isozyme in 10 organs of male or female Varicorhinus macrolepis were analyzed. The results showed that malic enzyme exists in heart, gonads, eyes and gills tissues in both female and male V. macrolepis. There was only one ME-2 in heart and ME-1 in eye of female fish, while there were ME-1 and ME-2 in heart and ME-2 in eyes of male fish. Ovary contained ME-1 and ME-2, while spermary only contained ME-1. In kidney and spleen tissues, malic enzyme was found only in female fish, while in muscle, malic enzyme existed only in male fish. The phenotypic of malic enzyme had obvious differences no matter in the same organ of different sexes in V. macrolepis or different organs in the same sex. But there were no differences among different individuals of the same sex. The results will provide basic data for developmental genetics, breed improvement and directed breeding of V. macrolepis, and lay a foundation for its development and protection.

Circumscriptions and Phylogenetic Relationships of Primula Sects. Auganthus and Ranunculoides: Evidence from nrDNA ITS Sequences

The circumscriptions of sections Auganthus Pax ex Balf. f. and Ranunculoides Chen et C. M. Hu in the genus Primula L. have been controversial, due to the different treatments of P. filchnerae Knuth. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis using sequences from the ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. All five species of these two sections and some representatives of other related sections were sampled. The ITS trees show that P. filchnerae could be convincingly placed in sect. Auganthus , together with P. sinensis Sabine ex Lindl. and P. rupestris Balf. f. et Farrer, whereas sect. Ranunculoides contains two species: P. cicutariifolia Pax and P. merrilliana Schltr. These two sections are distantly related and their association with other sections needs further studies. This study also demonstrated that ITS sequences would be a suitable marker for the reconstruction of Primula phylogeny.

芍药属牡丹组(Paeonia sect.Moutan)种间关系的分子证据:GPAT基因的PCR-RFLP和序列分析

为了探讨芍药属牡丹组Paeoniasect.Moutan的种间关系 ,对采自 1 5个野生居群 ,代表牡丹组全部 8个野生种的 1 5份材料的GPAT基因片段 (外显子 5和 6之间 2kb的内含子 )进行了PCR_RFLP分析 ,并对代表牡丹组全部 8个野生种的 9份材料进行了测序。根据 1 2个限制性内切酶的PCR_RFLP数据 ,使用Network 3 .0计算机程序的RM (reduced_median)法建立了牡丹组种间亲缘关系网络树。同时根据 8个种 9份材料的GPAT基因片段序列 ,利用PAUP 4.0计算机程序建立了牡丹组GPAT基因的最大简约(MP)树和邻接 (NJ)树。结果获得了具有很高自展值支持、分辨良好的牡丹组种间关系 (GPAT基因 )树。最重要的是 ,该基因树所显示的牡丹组种间关系与根据形态学证据提出的牡丹组的种间关系基本吻合 ,并得到其他研究证据的支持。根据这一结果 ,对牡丹组的种间关系进行了详细的讨论。

Research on the Lectin in Muscle Tissue of Varicorhinus macrolepis

[Objective] The paper aimed at researching lectins in muscles of Varicorhinus macrolepis and providing scientific basis for researching the adaptation mechanism and immune response of V.macrolepis to environment,which were advantageous for the protection and reproduction of V.macrolepis.[Method] V.macrolepis was used as test materials for the hemagglutination test by dialdehyde fixation to prove the existence of lectins in muscle crude homogenate of Varicorhinus macrolepis and study the physical and chemical characters.[Result] Lectins in muscle crude homogenate of V.macrolepis had shown hemagglutination effects on erythrocytes of six types of animals and had the maximum hemagglutination activity against rabbit erythrocytes,which belonged to the S-type lectins with optimal pH ranged from 4 to 8 and optimal temperature at 60 ℃.Results from the saccharide inhibition test had indicated that the sucrose was the only kind of saccharide which had inhibited the hemagglutination,suggesting that sucrose had played an important role in the process of recognition and aggregation of lectins.[Conclusion] It had been speculated that the optimal pH ranges for thermal sensitivity and hemagglutination activity of lectins in different types of aquatic organisms were similar.

Research on Sex and Tissue Differences in Isozymic Phenotype of Varicorhinus macrolepis through Isozyme Electrophoresis

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and biochemical staining method were used in this study for the analysis on malate dehydrogenase (MDH,E.C. 1.1.1.37) isozymes zymogram in 11 different types of tissues of male and female Varicorhinus macrolepis. It had been found for the first time that the phenotype of malate dehydrogenase (MDH),acid phosphatase (ACP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed difference between male and female V. macrolepis,and there was no difference among different individuals in the same sex. Therefore,the electrophoresis band of malate dehydrogenase,acid phosphatase and superoxide dismutase could be used as an indicator for the identification of gender and tissues of V. macrolepis,which would provide basic data for the developmental genetics,variety improvement and directed breeding of V. macrolepis groups,thus facilitating the development and protection of this valuable fish species.

The Karyotype of Chi-lin Fish(Varicorhinus macrolepis) from Taishan Mountain

[Objective] The paper was to study the karyotype of Chi-lin fish （Varicorhi- nus macrolepis） from Taishan mountain. [Method] The chromosome number and karyotype of an endemic Chi-lin fish were studied using the head kidney cells. [Re- sult] The diploid chromosome number （2n） of Chi-lin fish was 50, and the karyotype of V. macrolepis was 2n=50,16m＋14sm＋20t, NF =80. No sex-chromosome was found in Chi-lin fish. [Conclusion] A detailed karyotype of this endemic cyprinid fish of Taishan Mountain was established for the first time in this study.

知识联盟中的知识创新过程研究——对SECT模型的再认识

SECT模型只是对知识创新过程中的知识客体演变运动的轨迹进行刻画,而没有深入分析完成从知识转移到知识创新这一过程的主体——组织和个人进行知识创新的实际过程,同时,"场"理论中过于强调隐性只是与显性知识的区别,而没有看到两者之间的联系,将知识创新过程分割地对应于不同阶段。基于不同等级和等级对知识划分,结合单环学习、双环学习与再学习的知识创新的一般过程,对SECT模型和"场"理论进行了修正,说明知识创新需经历SECT模型的不同阶段和相应"场"情景支持,但每阶段都会产生隐性知识和显性知识。

泰山螭霖鱼(Varicorhinus macrolepis)在年周期中卵巢发育的组织学研究

本文对泰山螭霖鱼(Varicorhinus macrolepis)卵巢的组织结构在年周期中的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明: 泰山螭霖鱼卵母细胞的发育过程在年周期中分为6个时相。卵巢发育分期依卵巢切面中所占面积超过50%或居最高比例的卵母细胞的时相来划分,分期情况如下:2-4月份,卵巢由Ⅳ期发育至第Ⅴ期,4月份进入繁殖期;4-6 月份,为第Ⅴ期;6月下旬-7月份为第Ⅵ期,是排卵后退化阶段;8月份,为Ⅱ期卵巢(休整期);9月份-翌年的1 月份为第Ⅲ期,并以Ⅲ期卵巢越冬。由研究结果可知:泰山螭霖鱼为短期分批产卵类型,一年产卵一次。

Fruit Anatomy of sect. Paracamellia with Reference to Their Significance of Germplasm Resources Exploitation

[Objective] To utilize the germplasm resources,new systematic evidence for the classification of sect.Paracamellia,genus Camellia is found in this article.[Method] Fruit anatomy of 10 species representing sect.Paracamellia was investigated.And the main component of sect.Paracamellia in the genus Camellia was studied by MVSP software.[Result] The exocarp was thin;mesocarp was broad,having a large number of stone cells;endocarp was lignified,and separated easily from seed.The principle components analysis suggested that the distance between species was far,showing far relation;the current study did not support the formation of Camellia grijsii（C.grijsii）and Camellia yuhsienensis（C.yuhsienensis）,Camellia shensiensis（C.shensiensis）should not be recognized as a variety of C.yuhsienensis.In addition,it also proved Ming＇s combining of Camellia confusa（C.confusa）and Camellia kissi（C.kissi）was unnatural.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the development and application of sect.Paracamellia in the genus Camellia.

Research on Activity and Expression of Tyrosinase in Varicorhinus macrolepis

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze tyrosinase activity and its expression in Varicorhinus macrolepis. [Method] V. macrolepis was used as experimental material for the analysis and research of tyrosinase in nine kinds of organs and tissues of male and female V. macrolepis individuals by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and biochemical staining method, spectrophotometry and enzyme histochemical technology. [Result] Tyrosinase exists in the liver and pancreas, intestine and spleen of female and male V. macrolepis and in the gallbladder of male V. macrolepis. Tyrosinase activities in various tissues of V. macrolepis varied largely. Specifically, tyrosinase activities in the spleen was the maximum, which was higher in female V. macrolepis than in males. According to the enzyme histochemistry results, strong positive signals of tyrosinase existed in the spleen, intestine, liver and pancreas and gallbladder of V. macrolepis, which was the strongest in the spleen. [Conclusion] In this paper, research on tissue localization of tyrosinase in V. macrolepis had been first reported, which provided theoretical basis for further exploring the functions of tyrosinase in V. macrolepis.

Distribution of Sect.Thea (L.) Dyer in Yunnan Province

Yunnan is not only the center of tea origination but also the center of tea evolution and variation.There is a broad distribution of Sect.Thea（L.） Dyer in Yunnan.This paper concerns the research progress of Sect.Thea（L.） Dyer,reveals the distribution of Sect.Thea（L.） Dyer in Yunnan,and checks out the number and name of Sect.Thea（L.） Dyer in Yunnan,which will offer references for further study and application of tea plants.

基于meat grinder with SECT电路的50kJ电感储能型脉冲电源的研究

电感储能型脉冲电源是目前电磁发射技术的研究热点,提升装置储能密度对于推动电感储能型脉冲电源的应用和研究具有重要意义。本文介绍了一种适用于电感储能型脉冲电源的名为meat grinder with SECT的新电路,并对该电路进行了详细的原理分析,指出该电路兼具电流关断能力强和拓扑结构简单的优点。通过仿真将meat grinder with SECT和STRETCH meat grinder、STRETCH meat grinder with ICCOS这两种主流电路进行了性能比较,发现meat grinder with SECT电路在保持电气性能不变的同时,成本最低,体积最小。基于meat grinder with SECT电路,本文研制了50k J电感储能型脉冲电源并进行了试验测试,测试结果达到了预期目标。

中国茜草属sect．Oligoneura的形态计量学研究

茜草属为茜草科模式属,全球约80种,中国有近一半的物种,是茜草属的重要分布中心,大部分隶属于sect.Oligoneura。但是,该组内各种间的形态特征错综复杂,依靠单个性状不易划定种间界限。该研究在全面衡量sect.Oligoneura组内各种间形态特征的基础上,选取该组20种共171份标本,对其3个数量性状和28个定性性状进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果表明:在主成分分析中,前3个主成分累积贡献率有46.88%,性状的累积贡献率增长并不明显,但该结果仍与聚类分析结果一致。对前3个主成分贡献较大的特征包括叶形(叶长宽比)、叶柄长度、叶脉、每轮叶片数和生活型等,这些形态性状也是该属传统分类学中重要的物种鉴定特征。该研究结果与分子系统发育结果基本一致,支持该组内ser.Chinenses、R.mandersii group、R.angustissima group和R.siamensis group类群的划分,但并不支持ser.Cordifoliae单独成系。sect.Oligoneura内除少数物种外,大部分物种界限均比较清晰。形态计量学研究为sect.Oligoneura甚至茜草属的物种鉴定与划分提供了重要的参考意义。

SECT法电伴热系统漏电压的理论分析

1 前言 SECT法(集肤电流加热法)具有结构简单、安全可靠、热效率高、易于实现自动控制等优点,因而在长输管线的伴热上得到了广泛地应用。 SECT法伴热系统是将SECT法加热管直接焊接到主管线上。

SECT法变频加热技术及其在集输管线上的应用

ＳＥＣＴ法变频加热技术在原油集输管线上的应用与ＳＥＣＴ法工频加热技术相比，可提高用电效率，以１ｋｍ原油集输管线输入电流频率５００Ｈｚ为例，节电率达２３．２％，节能效果明显。

A revision of Clematis sect.Atragene(Ranunculaceae)

Clematis sect. Atragene is revised in this paper based on the examination of a large number of herbarium specimens, extensive field observations, and morphometric analyses. Brief taxonomic history and geographical distribution of the section are given, the relationships among the species are discussed, and the evolutionary trends of some characters in the section are evaluated. The staminodes of the plants in this section may have evolved from the outer stamens with petaloid filaments and gradually disappearing anthers. Subsequently, they may have evolved in two different ways. One possibility is that the staminodes elongate and become lanceolate, as long as sepals, and their apices turn into attenuate. The other is that the staminodes are spathulate, but not elongating, as long as stamens, and their apices turn into retuse from obtuse and rounded. The evolutionary trend of sepals may be from thin to thick in texture, and the veins from non-prominent to prominent. As a result, five new series are established and nine species, two subspecies and nine varieties （including three new ranks） are recognized in this section. An identification key is provided, and each taxon is described and illustrated. Clematis sibirica and Clematis ochotensis are treated as subspecies of Clematis alpina due to their subtle differences and lack of, or few, overlapping distributions. Clematis fusijamana and Clematisfauriei are recognized as varieties of C. alpina ssp. ochotensis for the continuous variation of the velutinous strips on the sepal margins. Clematis iliensis is treated as variety of C. alpina ssp. sibirica for the continuous variation of leaf division types. Extensive variations in sepal color and basal caruncle size support degrading Clematis chiisanensis as a variety of Clematis koreana. The North American ser. Occientales may be primitive, whereas ser. Macropetalae may be the most advanced taxon in this section. Ser. Alpinae and ser. Koreanae are closely related to each other. However, the systematic position of ser. Tomentosae cannot be determined based on morphological characters alone in the present study.

Taxonomic revision of Lepisorus(J.Sm.) Ching sect.Lepisorus(Polypodiaceae) from China

The taxonomy of Lepisorus （J. Sm.） Ching sect. Lepisorus in China was revised based on herbarium specimen examinations, field observations, and microscopic study of rhizome scales, soral paraphyses, leaf epidermis, and spores. As a result, nine species were recognized： Lepisorus macrosphaerus （Baker） Ching, Lepisorus asterolepis （Baker） Ching, Lepisorus marginatus Ching, Lepisorus kuchenensis （Y.C. Wu） Ching, Lepisorus megasorus （C. Chr.） Ching, Lepisorus kawakamii （Hayata） Tagawa, Lepisorus subsessilis Ching ＆ Y.X. Lin, Lepisorus affinis Ching, and Lepisorus nudus （Hook.） Ching. Lepisorus kawakamii （Hayata） Tagawa was reinstated; Lepisorus gyirongensis Ching ＆ S.K. Wu and Lepisorus longus Ching were reduced to synonyms ofL. nudus and L. affinis, respectively. The subdivision ofLepisorus macrosphaerus was not accepted. Rhizome scales and paraphyses are the most useful characters for species delimitation as well as for infrageneric classification. Characteristics of the leaf epidermis and spore ornamentation are usually stable and thus of great significance in understanding the relationships among groups within the genus.

A revision of Dryopteris sect.Diclisodon(Dryopteridaceae)based on morphological and molecular evidence with description of a new species

Dryopteris sect.Diclisodon is a small section of ferns with about 12 species mainly distributed in East Asia.Here,we carried out morphological and phylogenetic analyses of this section.A new species from southwest China,D.gaoligongensis,is described and illustrated.Dryopteris gaoligongensis resembles D.indonesiana and D.sparsa,but differs by having a creeping rhizome and large 4-pinnate fronds.We also show that D.glabrior Ching&Z.Y.Liu is a distinct species;however,because it is a later homonym of D.glabrior Copel.,it should be renamed D.renchangiana.We conclude that a species previously known as D.nitidula,also an illegitimate homonym,should be recognized with a new name,D.sinonepalensis.We resolve the phylogenetic position of D.yoroii as sister to other sampled species of D.sect Diclisodon.Our phylogenetic analyses confirm the distinctiveness of D.gaoligongensis,D.renchangiana,and D.sinonepalensis.A key to species of D.sect Diclisodon in China is provided.

Evaluation of cotton germplasm for morphological and biochemical host plant UPdates resistance traits against sucking insect pests complex

Background:Sucking insect pests cause severe damage to cotton crop production.The development of insect resistant cotton cultivars is one of the most effective measures in curtailing the yield losses.Considering the role of morphological and biochemical host plant resista nee(HPR)traits in plant defense,12 cotton genotypes/varieties were evaluated for leaf area,leaf glanding,total soluble sugars,total soluble proteins,total phenolics,tannin and total flavonoids against fluctuating populations of whitefly,thrips and jassid under field conditions.Results:The population of these insects fluctuated during the growing seas on and remained above threshold level(whitefly>5,thrips>(8-10)f or jassid>1 per leaf)during late June and early July.Strong and negative association of whitefly(r=-0.825)and jassid(r=-0.929)with seed cotton yield was observed.Mean population of insects were the highest in Glandless-1 followed by NIA-82 and NIA-M30.NIAB-Kiran followed by NI AB-878 and Sadori were the most resistant,with the mean population of 1.41,1.60,1.66(whitefly);2.24,232,2.53(thrips)and 037,0.31,036(jassid),respectively.The resistant variety NIAB-Kiran showed less soluble sugars(8.54 mg.g^(-1)),soluble proteins(27.11 mg.g^(-1))and more phenolic(36.56 mg.g^(-1))and flavonoids(13.10mg.g^(-1))as compared with the susceptible check Glandless-1.Moreover,all insect populations were positively correlated with total soluble sugars and proteins.Whitefly populations exhibited negative response to leaf gossypol glands,total phenolics,tannins and flavonoids.The thrips and jassid populations had a significant and negative correlation with these four biochemical HPR traits.Conclusion:The ide ntified resistant resources and HPR traits can be deployed against sucking in sect pests'complex in future breeding programs of developing insect resistant cotton varieties.