Are bone marrow regenerative cells ideal seed cells for the treatment of cerebral ischemia?

Bone marrow cells for the treatment of ischemic brain injury may depend on the secretion of a large number of neurotrophic factors. Bone marrow regenerative cells are capable of increasing the secretion of neurotrophic factors. In this study, after tail vein injection of 5-fluorouracil for 7 days, bone marrow cells and bone marrow regenerative cells were isolated from the tibias and femurs of rats, and then administered intravenously via the tail vein after focal cerebral ischemia. Immunohistological staining and reverse transcription-PCR detection showed that transplanted bone marrow cells and bone marrow regenerative cells could migrate and survive in the ischemic regions, such as the cortical and striatal infarction zone. These cells promote vascular endothelial cell growth factor mRNA expression in the ischemic marginal zone surrounding the ischemic penumbra of the cortical and striatal infarction zone, and have great advantages in promoting the recovery of neurological function, reducing infarct size and promoting angiogenesis. Bone marrow regenerative cells exhibited stronger neuroprotective effects than bone marrow cells. Our experimental findings indicate that bone marrow regenerative cells are preferable over bone marrow cells for cell therapy for neural regeneration after cerebral ischemia. Their neuroprotective effect is largely due to their ability to induce the secretion of factors that promote vascular regeneration, such as vascular endothelial growth factor.

Selected suitable seed cell, scaffold and growth factor could maximize the repair effect using tissue engineering method in spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury usually leads to permanent disability, which could cause a huge financial problem to the patient. Up to now there is no effective method to treat this disease. The key of the treatment is to enable the damage zone axonal regeneration and luckily it could go through the damage zone; last a connection can be established with the target neurons. This study attempts to combine stem cell, material science and genetic modification technology together, by preparing two genes modified adipose-derived stem cells and inducing them into neuron direction; then by compositing them on the silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold and implanting them into the spinal cord injury model, seed cells can have features of neuron cells. At the same time, it could stably express the brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3, both of which could produce synergistic effects, which have a positive effect on the recovery of spinal cord. The spinal cord scaffold bridges the broken end of the spinal cord and isolates with the surrounding environment, which could avoid a scar effect on the nerve regeneration and provide three-dimensional space for the seed cell growth, and at last we hope to provide a new treatment for spinal cord injury with the tissue engineering technique.

Current progress of skin tissue engineering:Seed cells, bioscaffolds, and construction strategies

The development of cell biology, molecular biology, and material science, has been propelling biomimic tissue-engineered skins to become more sophisticated in scientificity and more simplified in practicality. In order to improve the safety, durability, elasticity, biocompatibility, and clinical efficacy of tissue-engineered skin, several powerful seed cells have already found their application in wound repair, and a variety of bioactive scaffolds have been discovered to influence cell fate in epidermogenesis. These exuberant interests provide insights into advanced construction strategies for complex skin mimics. Based on these exciting developments, a complete full-thickness tissue-engineered skin is likely to be generated.

Selection of different endothelialization modes and different seed cells for tissue-engineered vascular graft

Tissue-engineered vascular grafts(TEVGs)have enormous potential for vascular replacement therapy.However,thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia are important problems associated with TEVGs especially small diameter TEVGs(<6 mm)after transplantation.Endothelialization of TEVGs is a key point to prevent thrombosis.Here,we discuss different types of endothelialization and different seed cells of tissue-engineered vascular grafts.Meanwhile,endothelial heterogeneity is also discussed.Based on it,we provide a new perspective for selecting suitable types of endothelialization and suitable seed cells to improve the long-term patency rate of tissue-engineered vascular grafts with different diameters and lengths.

Effect of ^(211)At treating pollen and stigma on generative cells and seed setting of rice

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CELLULAR SUBSTANCE EXUDATION AND SEED VIGOUR

In this paper, seeds of pinus koraiensis which has a characteristic of deep dormancy were selected as an experiment material, and the relation of cellular substance exudation to seed vigour is discussed based on the dormant state, the different measuring parts and the imbibed state of seeds before testing, as well as on the respiration of embryo and endosperm. The major measured results arc as follows: (1) After soaking for 24h, the dry embryo conductivity of sccdlot L is greater that than of sccdlot H: (2) The substance exudation of dry embryo of sccdlot H is less than that of sccdlot L; (3) After seeds imbibed, the substance exudation of dormant embryo of sccdlot H is more than that of sccdlot L; (4) After germination hastening treatment, the substance exudation of H embryos is greater than that of L embryos; (5) After artificially accelerated ageing treatment, the embryo conductivity of imbibed seeds has a positive correlation with seed vigour.

A prospective study:intraoperative ^(125)I radioactive seed implant therapy in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective： To investigated the role of intraoperative iodine-125 （125I） brachytherapy as a treatment option for advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC）. Methods： Using preoperative computed tomography （CT）-based staging criteria, between 2000 and 2008, 298 patients with ESCC （stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ） were enrolled in this prospective study. With informed consent, patients were randomized into two groups： intraoperative ^125^I seed implantation and surgery alone （control group）. Twenty to forty 125I seeds （0.5 mCi per seed）, with a total activity in 10-30 mCi, and a matched peripheral dose （MPD） of 60-70 Gy, were implanted under direct visualization. The surgical procedure used in this study was either a radical resection, which involved an esophagectomy through a left thoracotomy with two-field lymphadenectomy, or palliative resection. The postoperative complications were observed and recorded. The location and quality assessment of J25I seeds were assessed using CT scans or X-ray imaging. The short-term efficacy was evaluated according to WHO criteria. The 1, 3, 5 and 7-year survival rates were determined on follow-up. Results： There was no displacement or loss of 125I seeds. The local recurrence rates in the intraoperative 125I seed implantation group and control group were 14.9% and 38.7%, respectively （P 〈 0.05）. An objective response rate of 92% was observed in the seed implant group, which was significantly higher than 0% in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference between the two groups when comparing of complications （P 〉 0.05）. The 1-year survival rate of the two groups were not significantly different （P 〉 0.05）. However, the 3, 5 and 7-year survival rates in the united 125I group （64%, 55.3% and 8%, respectively） were statistically different from those in the control group （52%, 29.1% and 1.4%,respectively）（P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： Intraoperative 125I seed implantation is safe and effective for advanced ESCC. Seed implantation may reduce the local recurrence rate and improve survival in patients with ESCC. The MPD of 60-70 Gy, with single 125I seed activity of 0.5 mCi, is reasonable.

Antioxidant,anti-alpha-glucosidase and pancreatic beta-cell protective effects of methanolic extract of Ensete superbum Cheesm seeds

Objective: To investigate the antioxidant, anti-a-glucosidase and pancreatic b-cell protective potential of Ensete superbum(E. superbum) seeds.Methods: A variety of in vitro assays including radical scavenging, reducing power potential, phenolic content determination, a-glucosidase assay and pancreatic b-cell(1.4E7 cells) viability were employed for assessing the effect of methanolic extract of E. superbum seeds.Results: The radical scavenging and reducing power effects comparable with the standard rutin were obtained while the enzyme inhibitory activity of the extract was 68-fold better than the standard antidiabetic drug, acarbose. The seed extract of E. superbum was packed-full of polyphenols with mean percentage gallic acid equivalent value of(38.2 ± 1.8)(n = 3). The protection of pancreatic cells from massive onslaught of hydrogen peroxide was far superior to that obtained for rutin.Conclusions: The reputed antidiabetic therapeutic uses of the seeds extract of E. superbum may be justified on the basis of inhibition of carbohydrate enzymes, antioxidant effects and pancreatic b-cell protection.

Effect of ^(125)I seeds and ^(103)Pd stents on proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells

This study aims at the theoretical and practical evidence for prevention of restenosis in vitro.Vascular smooth muscle cell(VSMC)model was established using adherent cell culture methods.The proliferation of VSMC was investigated by the cell counting method and 3H-TDR implementation test.The results are as follows.(1) For ^125I-seeds,the inhibition rate was 29.3% at 74B1(P<0.05),35.2% at 148Bq(P<0.05)and 42.4% at 370Bq(P<0.05),For ^103Pd-implanted stents,the inhibition rate was 14.7% at 4.44MBq(P<0.05),24.0% at 5.92MBq(P<0.05) and 38.0%at 7.4MBq(p<0.05),There was no significant difference between the blank tests and non-radioactive tests.(2) 48 hours exposure from ^125I-seeds at 148Bq or ^103Pd-implanted stents at 7.4MBq did not result in VSMC's morphological alteration,but that from ^125I-seeds at 370Bq caused morphological changes,Both ^125I-seeds and ^103Pd0-implanted stents inhibit the VSMC DNA synthesis in vitro.The inhibition effects are significantly related to their exposure duration and doses.

Plant Seeds-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

In this work, we investigate the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on natural dyes extracted from ten different plant seeds. The extracts were characterized by UV-VIS absorption spectra. The solar cells were assembled using a TiO2 mesoporous film on FTO-coated glass. The photovoltaic properties of the DSSCs were studied under an incident irradiation of 100 mW/cm2. The best performance was for the DSSC sensitized with Eruca sativa with a solar energy conversion efficiency of 0.725%. Moreover, the validity of these extracts was compared using two types of semiconductor layers (TiO2 and ZnO), and finally the photovoltaic properties of one of these dyes were studied using different types of electrolytes.

血管化类器官的构建策略

背景:有效促进类器官内部血管发生是目前类器官培养中的焦点问题,作为一种新近发展的生物培养技术,血管化的类器官在研究活体组织的发育、疾病形成的机制、组织替代疗法以及药物筛选等方面,都有很大的研究和应用价值。目的:对近年来类器官血管化的方法或策略进行归纳总结,分析类器官血管化形成机制以及构建策略,以期为更加深入地研究类器官的发生机制和为临床转化提供可靠的思路。方法:检索PubMed及中国知网数据库收录的相关文献。英文检索词为“organoids,Vascularization,Vascular,Vascular development,vessel”,中文检索词为“血管发生,血管生成,类器官,干细胞,血管化,预血管化”,最终纳入77篇文献进行归纳总结。结果与结论:①类器官血管化形成机制涉及3个关键因素,即种子细胞、细胞因子与细胞外基质。种子细胞为血管化类器官提供了关键的细胞来源,细胞因子为类器官内部的血管发生起了重要的信号引导作用,细胞外基质为血管细胞提供了外在的生长环境,促进类器官血管化的发生。②血管化类器官的构建策略包括细胞自我重组、微血管碎片渗入、宿主体内移植以及微流控芯片等。体外诱导多能干细胞向血管内皮祖细胞分化能顺利与邻近组织整合并具有血管生成的潜力,故可利用多能干细胞的自我重组功能构建血管化类器官。微血管碎片保留了其细胞复杂性、天然结构和表型可塑性,更利于模拟天然微血管从而促进类器官的血管化。宿主体内移植是目前类器官实现完整血液灌流的最佳方法,而微流控芯片则为实现类器官体外血液供应提供了解决方案。③类器官的多种构建策略如多类干细胞共分化、信号分子的精准调控、微血管渗入和活体宿主移植等,一定程度上在类器官中引入血管成分,使得类器官在功能和成熟度上更接近相应组织。然而缺乏血流灌注仍然是一个难题,迄今为止,仅宿主体内移植才能在类器官中实现有效的血流灌注,因此类器官在血管化方面仍面临许多挑战。

肝脏类器官在肝脏疾病模型与移植治疗中的应用潜力

背景:肝脏类器官对阐明肝脏疾病的确切病理机制及对肝脏疾病的治疗具有重要的意义。目的:总结目前国内外该领域的基础研究,回顾以往肝脏类器官的构建、疾病建模和移植治疗的重要研究进展,探讨肝脏类器官联合组织工程技术的应用前景。方法:检索PubMed数据库及中国知网数据库收录的相关文献,英文检索词为“liver,organoids,liver diseases”,中文检索词为“肝,类器官,肝脏疾病”,主要检索时限为2018年4月至2024年4月,通过人工阅读排除重复文献等,最终纳入94篇文献进行归纳分析。结果与结论:①肝脏类器官构建的种子细胞主要集中于成体细胞和多能干细胞,通过辅助各种细胞因子参与信号引导作用和细胞外基质提供3D微环境,促进类器官的产生,但是整体成熟度不高,有望通过结合组织工程技术改善这一问题;②体外疾病建模方面主要在简单疾病和单基因遗传病领域研究较多,类器官高度保留患者遗传特性,有望通过结合CRISPR-Cas9基因矫正和其他新兴技术模拟更复杂的肝脏疾病并阐明更深层次的病理机制;③体内移植治疗方面,肝脏类器官能够安全有效的植入,表现出惊人的肝功能替代潜力及组织再生能力,并且还可能通过与其他组织工程材料结合达到治疗目的。

Olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation for spinal cord injury An 18-year bibliometric analysis based on the Web of Science

OBJECTIVE： Olfactory ensheathing cell （OEC） transplantation is a promising new approach for the treatment of spinal cord injury （SCI）, and an increasing number of scientific publications are devoted to this treatment strategy. This bibliometric analysis was conducted to assess global research trends in OEC transplantation for SCI. DATA SOURCE： All of the data in this study originate from the Web of Science maintained by the Institute for Scientific Information, USA, and includes SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A＆HCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, BKCI-S, BKCI-SSH, CCR-EXPANDED and IC. The Institute for Scientific Information＇s Web of Science was searched using the keywords ＂olfactory ensheathing cells＂ or ＂OECs＂ or ＂olfactory ensheathing gila＂ or ＂OEG＂ or ＂olfactory ensheathing glial cells＂ or ＂OEGs＂ and ＂spinal cord injury＂ or ＂SCI＂ or ＂spinal injury＂ or ＂spinal transection＂ for literature published from January 1898 to May 2012. DATA SELECTION： Original articles, reviews, proceedings papers and meeting abstracts, book chapters and editorial materials on OEC transplantation for SCI were included. Simultaneously, unpublished literature and literature for which manual information retrieval was required were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： All selected literatures addressing OEC transplantation for SCI were evaluated in the following aspects： publication year, document type, language, author, institution, times cited, Web of Science category, core source title, countries/territories and funding agency.RESULTS： In the Web of Science published by the Institute for Scientific Information, the earliest literature record was in April, 1995. Four hundred and fourteen publications addressing OEC transplantation for SCI were added to the data library in the past 18 years, with an annually increasing trend. Of 415 records, 405 publications were in English. Two hundred and fifty-nine articles ranked first in the distribution of document type, followed by 141 reviews. Thirty articles and 20 reviews, cited more than 55 times by the date the publication data were downloaded by us, can be regarded as the most classical references. The journal Experimental Neurology published the most literature （32 records）, followed by Glia. The United States had the most literature, followed by China. In addition, Yale University was the most productive institution in the world, while The Second Military Medical University contributed the most in China. The journal Experimental Neurology published the most OEC transplantation literature in the United States, while Neural Regeneration Research published the most in China. CONCLUSION： This analysis provides insight into the current state and trends in OEC transplantation for SCI research. Furthermore, we anticipate that this analysis will help encourage international cooperation and teamwork on OEC transplantation for SCI to facilitate the development of more effective treatments for SCI.

组织工程技术修复颞下颌关节:问题与挑战

背景:颞下颌关节疾病的传统疗法受限于疾病严重程度和个体差异。相比之下,组织工程作为一种新兴治疗方法,可以根据患者具体情况定制个性化治疗方案,减少手术过程中的不确定性,提高治疗效果。目的:综述组织工程修复颞下颌关节的最新研究成果和进展。方法:以“颞下颌关节,组织工程,种子细胞,支架,生长因子,动物模型”为中文检索词,以“temporomandibular joint,tissue engineering,seed cell,scaffold,growth factor,animal model”为英文检索词,分别在PubMed数据库和中国知网进行文献检索,检索时限为各数据库建库时间至2024年3月。通过分析和阅读文献进行筛选,按照排除筛选标准纳入文献,最终纳入57篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)随着生物学、材料学与工程学等技术的发展,颞下颌关节组织工程己取得较大进展,例如种子细胞的筛选、新型支架的开发、生长因子作用机制的探索、多种动物模型的构建等,目前大多数研究尚处于体外实验阶段,动物实验等体内研究尚未大规模开展,组织工程修复颞下颌关节的临床应用还需更多证据支持。(2)尽管颞下颌关节组织工程研究仍存在许多问题和挑战等待解决,依然展现出广阔的临床应用前景,有望在将来成为颞下颌关节疾病出色高效的治疗方式。

Skeletal muscle-derived cells repair peripheral nerve defects in mice

Skeletal muscle-derived cells have strong secretory function,while skeletal muscle-derived stem cells,which are included in muscle-derived cells,can differentiate into Schwann cell-like cells and other cell types.However,the effect of muscle-derived cells on peripheral nerve defects has not been reported.In this study,5-mm-long nerve defects were created in the right sciatic nerves of mice to construct a peripheral nerve defect model.Adult female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups.For the muscle-derived cell group,muscle-derived cells were injected into the catheter after the cut nerve ends were bridged with a polyurethane catheter.For external oblique muscle-fabricated nerve conduit and polyurethane groups,an external oblique muscle-fabricated nerve conduit or polyurethane catheter was used to bridge the cut nerve ends,respectively.For the sham group,the sciatic nerves on the right side were separated but not excised.At 8 and 12 weeks post-surgery,distributions of axons and myelin sheaths were observed,and the nerve diameter was calculated using immunofluorescence staining.The number,diameter,and thickness of myelinated nerve fibers were detected by toluidine blue staining and transmission electron microscopy.Muscle fiber area ratios were calculated by Masson’s trichrome staining of gastrocnemius muscle sections.Sciatic functional index was recorded using walking footprint analysis at 4,8,and 12 weeks after operation.The results showed that,at 8 and 12 weeks after surgery,myelin sheaths and axons of regenerating nerves were evenly distributed in the muscle-derived cell group.The number,diameter,and myelin sheath thickness of myelinated nerve fibers,as well as gastrocnemius muscle wet weight and muscle area ratio,were significantly higher in the muscle-derived cell group compared with the polyurethane group.At 4,8,and 12 weeks post-surgery,sciatic functional index was notably increased in the muscle-derived cell group compared with the polyurethane group.These criteria of the muscle-derived cell group were not significantly different from the external oblique muscle-fabricated nerve conduit group.Collectively,these data suggest that muscle-derived cells effectively accelerated peripheral nerve regeneration.This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Plastic Surgery Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(approval No.040)on September 28,2016.

Studies on the Programmed Cell Death in Rice During Starchy Endosperm Development

Morphological variations of the nucleus in starchy endosperm cell were observed by theelectron-transmisson microscope during endosperm development in rice. Along with thedevelopment of the starchy endosperm, the nuclei of the cells showed chromatin condensation,the typical feature of programmed cell death (PCD). The nuclei also showed nucleusdeformation, disruption of nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm leaking into the cytoplasm andnucleus disintegration resulting in nuclear residue formation. From the nucleus deformationto the nucleus disintegration, the morphological changes of the nucleus were orderlyprogressive. This indicated that the cell death of starchy endosperm in rice wasprogrammed cell death. Evans Blue staining observation showed that the cell death wasinitially detected in the central part of starchy endosperm in rice, then expandedoutward. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in rice starchyendosperm both descended continuously as development progressed. The analysis of DNA ofrice starchy endosperm did not show the presence of DNA laddering. The above resultsshowed that the cell death of starchy endosperm in rice was a special form of PCD.

Anti-cancer potential of litchi seed extract

Polyphenol-rich fruit are believed to be healthy food for humans. Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCMs) from fruit are rich sources of polyphenols and exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and have been shown experimentally to overcome some chronic diseases, including cancer. The litchi seed is one of the TCMs traditionally used for relieving pain and sweating, and has been revealed in our recent report and other studies to possess rich amounts of polyphenolic species, including flavonoids and proanthocyanidines, and exhibits strong anti-oxidant activity, and could be applied for the treatment of diabetes and cancer. Herein, we review the recent findings regarding the benefits of this TCM in the treatment of human cancer and the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of the litchi seed.

颌骨来源骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的特点、优势与应用

背景:颌面部骨组织缺损修复是目前研究的热点与难点,而种子细胞的选择是关键。颌骨来源骨髓间充质干细胞是存在于颌骨内的成体间充质干细胞,在颌面部组织再生方面的应用更具优势。目的:综述颌骨来源骨髓间充质干细胞的生物学特性和成骨分化优势以及药物、体内环境、微小RNA对其成骨分化影响的相关研究进展。方法:利用计算机在PubMed和中国知网进行文献检索。中文检索词为“口腔,骨组织工程,干细胞”,英文检索词为“oral,bone tissue engineering,stem cells”。共检索下载文章405篇,根据纳入与排除标准对文章进行筛选,最终纳入70篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:颌骨来源骨髓间充质干细胞是口腔骨组织工程的优良种子细胞,与长骨骨髓间充质干细胞相比,颌骨来源骨髓间充质干细胞具有更强的增殖能力和成骨分化能力。药物、体内环境、微小RNA均可以调控颌骨来源骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化,但目前对颌骨来源骨髓间充质干细胞的研究尚处于初始阶段,因此需要更多论证力较强的研究来证实其在颌面部骨组织再生领域的应用更具优势。

Isolation of Acidic Mucilage from the Outer Seed Coat of Shaddock (Citrus grandis Osbeck) and Evaluation of Its Functional Properties

After water imbibition, the outer layer seed coat of shaddock (Citrus grandis Osbeck) produces transparent gel-like mucilage (MSS), but its characteristics have never been studied before. This study aimed to assess the physico-chemical and functional properties of MSS. Extractions of MSS with deionized water at room temperature yielded about 3.5% based on the dry weight of seed. The major components were neutral sugars and uronic acids in the amounts of 33.5% and 49.6%, respectively. The acidic nature of MSS was confirmed by ruthenium red staining. Its water holding capacity and viscosity were 44.53 g•g-1 DW and 1660 cP at 10 g/L, respectively. MSS showed a weak quenching activity against DPPH radical, and moderate ferrous ion-chelating and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities, with IC50 value of 1.5 g/L and 1.1 g/L, respectively. A methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay demonstrated that MSS significantly stimulated the viability of mouse skin fibroblasts (NIH/3T3) at 5 - 300 mg/L. These results impart the potential usefulness of the MSS to food, cosmetics and other applications.