Distribution of Rice Grains on Panicle Axis and Its Relationship with Seed-Setting Ability in Liaoning, China

Studies were conducted with rice varieties developed in recent years in Liaoning Province of China as test materials. Results showed that the varieties tested could be divided into three types： （1） the high-yielding （HYV）, （2） the mediumyielding （MYV）, and （3） the low-yielding （LYV）. The panicle population was in the order of HYV〈 MYV 〈 LYV, while the grain number per panicle and seed-setting rate were just opposite. There was no significant difference in the 1 000-grain weight. Biomass was higher in HYV than in MYV and LYV, while the harvest index was higher in HYV and MYV than in LYV. Yield was inversely correlated with panicle population, but positively correlated with the grain number per panicle, seed-setting rate, the number of primary and secondary branch grains, seed density and harvest index. Yield was most closely linked with the grain number per panicle which was determined chiefly by the number of secondary branch grains and to a lesser degree by seed density and the number of primary branch grains. The seed-setting rate of the secondary branches was positively correlated with that of the whole panicle and yield. The peak value of primary branches for HYV, MYV and LYV was 12-14, 10-13 and 8-12, respectively. LYV had fewer secondary branch grains, while MYV and HYV had more. Such grains distributed mainly in the middle and lower parts of panicle axis for LYV and in the middle and upper parts for MYV and HYV.

Analysis of the Correlation between Seed-setting Characters and Seed Investigation Time in Rice

With super hybrid rice cultivar Y Liangyou 1 as the experimental material, seed-setting rate, abortive grain rate, empty grain rate and 1 000-seed weight were investigated for continuous 10 days since the first day post-harvest to reveal the correlation between differences in seed-setting characters of rice and seed investiga- tion time. The results indicated that seed-setting rate, abortive grain rate, empty grain rate and 1 000-seed weight varied at different seed investigation time. With the postponement of seed investigation, seed-setting rate and 1 000-seed weight showed downward trends, abortive grain rate showed an upward trend, while empty grain rate exhibited a significant correlation with seed investigation time. Seed-setting rate, abortive grain rate and 1 000-seed weight exhibited no significant differences within the first three days after the harvest; since day 4, seed-setting rate and 1000-seed weight declined remarkably, while abortive grain rate increased signifi- cantly. Based on the correlation between seed-setting characters of rice and seed investigation time, the analysis of seed-setting characters of rice and other cereal crops should be completed within the first three days after the harvest, thereby im- proving the accuracy of relative conclusion.

Methods for Improving Hybrid Seed-setting Rate of a Potato Cultivar Linshu 17

[Objective] This study aimed to explore methods for improving hybrid seed-setting rate of a potato cultivar Linshu 17. [Method] L0527-4 was taken as male parent and Linshu 17 was taken as female parent to breed a new potato cul- tivar, so as to take advantage of the excellent characters of Linshu 17. [Result] The optimum pollination time of Linshu 17 was 10：00-12：00 am or after 04：00 pm. Spraying 10 mg/L of 2, 4-D, 50 mg/L of gibberellin or 20 mg/L of 6-BA ＋ 50 mg/L of gibberellin once every 7 days since the 3^rd day after hybridization all could im- prove the hybrid seed-setting rate of Linshu 17. [Conclusion] The hybrid seed-setting rate-improving effect of 2, 4-D sprayed on the 3^rd d after hybridization was best for Linshu 17. This study will provide technical references for other varieties to improve the hybrid seed-setting rate.

Effects of proline on the seed-setting rate of hybrid rice

The seed-setting rate of hybrid rice is general-ly lower than that of conventional varieties.One of the factors explained this phenomenonis the proline concentration in anthers.Fiveconcentrations(30,50,80,120,and240 mg/kg)of exogenous proline were sprayedat meiosis stage of the early hybrid rice combi-nation Shanyou R3-2.Anthers were collected

Factors Influencing the Outcrossed Seed-Setting Obstacles of Photo-thermo Sensitive Genie Male Sterile Rice

Using photo-thermo sensitive genie male rice (PTGMS) Pei' ai 64S, W7415S, W6154S, N26S, Annong S, Nongken 58S, 7001S and 5088S as female parents and conventional indica lines 8258 and U89 as male parents, the factors affecting outcrossed seed-setting were analyzed. The PTGMS had obstacles in outcrossed seed setting influenced by inheritance and environment at varying degrees. Environmental temperature was regarded as the main factor that resulted in the outcrossed seed-setting obstacles. The sensitive stage was at the early stage of grain filling for outcrossed seed setting. There existed remarkable differences at the sensitivity stage, the duration of sensitive period, the sensitive level and the effective level of outcrossed seed-setting obstacles caused by environmental temperature among different PTGMS lines. Therefore, attention should be paid to outcrossed seed-setting obstacles in selection and utilization of PTGMS lines.

播量和行距对箭筈豌豆农艺结实性状及产量的影响

为了探讨豫南本地箭筈豌豆条播种植适宜播量和行距,采用双因素试验设计,分别设3个播量水平和4个行距水平,研究不同播量和行距配置对箭筈豌豆生长发育、鲜草、秸秆及种子产量结实的影响,为完善箭筈豌豆实际生产中的高产栽培技术提供科学理论指导。结果显示,播量一定时,株高、单株鲜干重随行距的增加呈现先增加后减少趋势,且在行距30、40 cm时获得最大值;茎粗和分枝数随行距的增加呈逐渐减少趋势,均在行距20 cm时获得最大值。行距一定时,株高、SPAD值随播量的增加呈逐渐增加趋势;茎粗、分枝数随播量的增加呈逐渐减少趋势。筛选出结实性播量行距最佳配置为:播量18.75 kg/hm^(2)、行距30 cm,播量26.25 kg/hm^(2)、行距30 cm和播量33.75 kg/hm^(2)、行距40 cm。不同播量和行距处理下箭筈豌豆种子、鲜草和秸秆产量差异显著(P<0.05)。种子产量以播量26.25 kg/hm^(2)、行距30 cm最高,达3753 kg/hm^(2);播量33.75 kg/hm^(2)、行距40 cm和播量33.75 kg/hm^(2)、行距30 cm次之,产量分别达3468和3436 kg/hm^(2)。鲜草和秸秆产量均以播量33.75 kg/hm^(2)、行距20 cm最高,达35910和16878 kg/hm^(2);播量33.75 kg/hm^(2)、行距30 cm和播量33.75 kg/hm^(2)、行距40 cm次之,产量分别达26761和13052、23662和12127 kg/hm^(2)。综上,以收获鲜草和秸秆产量为目的,优选播量33.75 kg/hm^(2)和行距20 cm组合配置;收获种子产量优选播量26.25 kg/hm^(2)和行距30 cm组合配置。

水稻花粉小肽锌指蛋白基因OsFLZ13功能研究

FCS样锌指蛋白(FLZ)与植物的生长发育和逆境胁迫反应相关。水稻的FLZ基因家族分析和功能研究较少。本研究利用TBtools对水稻基因组Blast,鉴定到29个OsFLZ家族基因成员,并分析了相关基因位置、基因结构、motif和启动子顺式作用元件等特征。随后,通过水稻CREP数据库研究了FLZ家族成员的全生育期组织表达模式,并发现其中的OsFLZ13基因在开花前的花药中特异高水平表达。随后β-D-葡萄糖苷酸酶(GUS)染色显示,OsFLZ13在花药发育的第8阶段开始表达,并在开花前的第14阶段表达量最高。用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑获得的突变体植株结实率显著下降。相比野生型中花11的94%结实率,Osflz13-1和Osflz13-2的结实率分别只有44%和36%。本研究表明OsFLZ13参与花药发育以及花粉育性的调控,为进一步研究该基因及其家族基因的功能提供参考,同时对水稻雄性不育利用具有潜在的价值。

截干强度对红松结实的影响

为探讨截干强度对红松人工林结实的影响,2017年在通化县三棚林场19年生红松人工林内设置了4个截干强度(截干3轮枝、截干4轮枝、截干5轮枝,CK),2022年和2023年分别对所有处理下结实情况进行调查和分析。结果表明:截干后,红松结实株率、单株平均球果数量和产量与对照相比,均有显著增加(P<0.05),红松单个球果平均质量无明显变化。截干3轮枝时,红松结实株率最高,比CK提高了145.56%;截干5轮枝时,单株平均球果数量和产量最高,比CK分别提高了300.34%和468.04%。

半夏开花物候与结实特征分析

为深入理解半夏独特的开花物候特征和生殖特性,对半夏花的形态学特征、个体开花散粉习性、居群开花物候及结实特征进行了统计分析。结果表明,半夏群体开花规律呈单峰型,花期集中在5月下旬到6月下旬,花期长约58 d;半夏开花与散粉的日变化规律均呈倒单峰型,开花高峰期为7:00—11:00,而花药散粉高峰期为7:00—9:00;散粉持续时间为47.22 h,个体花期持续时间、花序开放进程、花序开花持续时间和种群花期历时分别为18、13、5.3、51.5 d;花序开放进程与花序开花持续时间分别以14 d和6 d出现的频率最高。半夏花不具虫媒、风媒花特征,传粉完全依靠花粉的自然散落,这可能是其结实率低的主要原因;进一步相关性分析发现,始花时间分别与开花率和结实率存在显著负相关关系,花期长度和开花率分别与结实率呈极显著正相关;开花率、结实率与半夏个体的块茎大小密切相关。综上,人工辅助延长半夏的花期和提高开花率有助于提高其结实率,进而提高有性繁殖效率。

荔枝汁薏米复合凝固型酸奶的工艺优化及品质分析

以荔枝汁、薏米和牛奶为主要原料,研制了一款荔枝汁薏米复合凝固型酸奶。以荔枝汁添加量、发酵剂添加量、发酵温度和发酵时间为考察因素,以感官评分及持水力为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验法对荔枝汁薏米复合凝固型酸奶的发酵工艺进行了优化。结果表明,荔枝汁薏米凝固型酸奶发酵的最佳工艺条件为荔枝汁添加量25%、发酵剂添加量7%、发酵温度40℃、发酵时间8 h。在此发酵条件下制作的酸奶感官评分为90.80分,乳酸菌活菌数为15.09×10^(8)CFU·g^(-1),持水力为76.81%,具有浓厚的荔枝牛奶风味,组织细腻光滑,酸甜合适,口感纯厚,凝固状态较好,呈均匀的奶白色。

不同授粉方式对油用型牡丹结实性影响的研究

为提高油用牡丹产量,探索油用牡丹理想授粉方式,选择结实性良好、生长势强且自然花期相遇的常见油用型牡丹品种,开展自交、人工授粉、自然授粉等不同方式的授粉试验,调查其坐果率、结实率、种子千粒重等结实情况和蓇葖果单角大小、质量等果荚干物质性状。结果表明,油用型牡丹存在一定自花结实性,自交处理Ⅰ没有结实,处理Ⅱ3个品种结实,处理Ⅲ全部结实,其中‘凤丹白’结实最好,为每个果角0.54粒;将参试的牡丹品种进行4×4人工定向安全双列杂交,所有组合全部结实,平均坐果率高达92%,单果角结实率达到3.87粒,结实率最高的组合为‘凤丹白×景泰蓝’,单果角结实率达到6.96粒;田间自然授粉均有结实,‘凤丹白'结实率最高,3.19粒/个;‘景泰蓝’和‘凤丹白’杂交的种子千粒重较高,达到436.89 g;蓇葖果果荚大小和质量与杂交母本关系较密切,以‘景泰蓝’为母本时表现突出;通过不同授粉方式所对应的坐果率、结实率和复果荚重等指标综合分析,从高到低依次为:人工授粉>自然授粉>自交,母本是影响杂交成功率和果荚性状的重要因素;油用牡丹生产中可通过品种合理搭配间植、相互授粉,如‘景泰蓝’和‘凤丹白’,获得更高种子产量。

玉米自交系花丝及其结实性动态研究

为探究不同玉米自交系花丝活力及其结实性动态变化规律。以玉米自交系‘浚696’、‘浚573’、‘浚503’、‘郑58’和‘昌7-2’为试验材料,测定花丝日吐丝长度和吐丝量、不同日龄花丝结实率和穗部性状等相关指标。结果显示不同自交系花丝日吐丝长度和花丝结实率均是先增后降;花丝日吐丝长度峰值在吐丝第2~3天;结实率峰值在吐丝第3~5天。花丝日吐丝量呈‘快-慢’的增长模式,吐丝第1~3天快速增长,‘浚696’花丝总量最少,‘昌7-2’花丝总量最多。授粉后第8天的小花受精率和总结实率均比第5天高,‘郑58’的小花受精率最大、‘浚696’的总结实率最高。‘浚696’、‘浚573’和‘浚503’不同日龄花丝结实率与其穗部各性状、日吐丝量和吐丝长度均呈显著或极显著正相关。研究结果为明确自交系花丝活性时间、掌握最佳授粉时期、提高自交系结实性和制种产量提供理论依据。

优质常规籼稻种植表现及抽穗期对天气的适应性分析

以常规籼稻品种徽丰丝苗、农香丝苗、广香丝苗、粤丝占、美香占3号、美香油占4号为材料,2021年设置一季中稻播期,2022年设置一季中稻和一季晚稻播期,采用同田对比进行种植试验。结果表明,常规籼稻作一季中稻种植时,播齐历期较丰两优四号短,品种生育性状年度间表现较稳定,产量较丰两优四号低;作一季晚稻种植时,参试品种生育性状与黄华占相近,徽丰丝苗和农香丝苗较黄华占增产,其余品种减产。在抽穗期,农香丝苗对不良天气有较强的抵抗力,粤丝占和美香占3号抗不良天气的能力较弱,徽丰丝苗和广香丝苗对高温敏感,美香油占4号对不良天气中度敏感。

杂交籼稻“一种两收”头季高温热害调查及对再生稻的影响

以“一种两收”展示试验的18个杂交籼稻品种为材料,将穗形分成中大穗和中小穗,分别考查结实率,研究在自然条件下孕穗至抽穗阶段遇上中等强度高温对再生稻的影响。结果表明,品种间抗热性存在差异。在抽穗阶段遇上高温的14个品种中,深优粤禾丝苗和甬优4901的中大穗和中小穗结实率在85%以上,表现强抗热性,Y两优911的中大穗和中小穗结实率在80%以上,表现较强抗热性,其余品种的中大穗和中小穗结实率在80%以下或中大穗与中小穗结实率差距在10百分点以上,表现抗热性一般或弱;在孕穗阶段遇上高温的4个品种中,仅晶两优华占表现较强抗热性。随着高温热害的产生,头季灌浆期缩短,产量降低,再生季抽穗期提前。最后提出了桐城市再生稻减轻高温热害措施。

甜樱桃授粉促进剂试验研究

在汉中盆地勉县的甜樱桃种植园内,采用植物激素+高分子化合物(壳聚糖)组成3种不同配方的甜樱桃授粉促进剂,选择‘红灯’‘友谊’‘早大果’等3个甜樱桃品种进行试验,研究各配方对甜樱桃授粉结实率的影响。结果显示,3种配方试剂均有提高甜樱桃授粉结实率的作用,其中配方3(赤霉素40 mg/L、细胞分裂素20 mg/L、生长素10 mg/L、壳聚糖100μg/L)的初挂果率提高20%、结果率提高6%、成果率提高5%,比配方1、2高,因此该配方在提高甜樱桃授粉结实率作用方面效果明显。

外源ABA、ZR及IAA对甘薯脱毒苗生长及结薯的影响

以甘薯品种龙薯9号的脱毒试管苗为试验材料,采用盆栽基质培养、向根部营养液加入植物激素的处理方式,设置单因素试验,分别探究了0(CK)、0.7、7.0、14.0 mg/L的ABA与IAA,以及0(CK)、0.8、8.0、16.0 mg/L ZR对脱毒苗根生长发育及结薯的影响。结果表明:0.8 mg/L ZR处理的单株结薯数和单株薯重分别较CK提高2.25个和5.93 g;0.7 mg/L ABA处理的单株结薯数和单株薯重分别较CK提高2.00个和5.43 g;14 mg/L IAA处理可显著增加脱毒苗的根长和茎长。综上所述,在脱毒薯生产过程中,根部施加0.7 mg/L ABA或0.8 mg/L ZR均可显著增加脱毒苗的单株结薯数和单株薯重,根部添加14 mg/L IAA可显著促进脱毒苗根与茎的伸长。本试验结果可为脱毒种薯种苗高效生产提供技术支撑。

A New-Nipponbare Rice Germplasm with High Seed-Setting Rate

Rice （Oryza sativa L.） is an important crop providing staple food for more than half the world＇s population and also considered as a model plant for molecular biological study of the cereals. In 1998, the large-scale sequencing of japonica rice cultivar Nipponbare （bred at Aichi Agricultural Center in Japan and released in 1963） was initiated by International Rice Genome Sequencing Project （IRGSP） and the high-quality draft of genome was announced in 2002 （Goff et al,, 2002）. Owing to its easy genetic transformation and released whole genome sequencing data, Nipponbare is widely used in functional genomic research （Piffanelli et al., 2007; Luan et al., 2008; Hu et al., 2010; Thang et al., 2010; Tabuchi et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2011; Jiang et al., 2012; Lu et al.. 2013）.

2023年皖西南地区水稻新品种筛选试验

为筛选适宜皖西南地区种植的水稻新品种,本研究对Y两优9826等24个水稻新品种的生育期、种植表现以及产量等进行比较,研究分析其综合表现。结果表明,各品种生育期120~138d,多数品种生育期130d,有效穗数200.1万~330.3万/hm^(2),结实率70.4%~92.8%;各品种实际产量为7851.0~12426.0 kg/hm^(2)。综合各品种生长表现,品种林两优1771、荃优879、万丰优818、玮两优8612和晶两优8612的产量较高,综合性状好,可在该地区进行推广种植。

皖西地区中籼稻新品种展示比较试验

为鉴定评价引进中籼稻新品种在皖西地区生产条件下的适应性、丰产性、稳产性和抗逆性,筛选适宜在该地区推广种植的水稻新品种。本试验在皖西地区试验点对G两优777等24个参试品种和1个对照品种丰两优四号进行展示比较试验,对比分析其生育期、产量、产量结构、农艺性状及综合抗性等方面表现。综合筛选出了适宜在皖西地区及其周边推广种植的中籼稻新品种,包括嘉丰优3号、嘉科优11、荆占2号、E两优16、全两优158、G两优777、耕香优银占、节优804、隆华丝苗、健湘丝苗、忠两优鄂晶丝苗和扬籼优953。试验结果为该地区中籼稻新品种引种及推广种植提供参考。

黔东低山丘陵区油茶主要栽培品种配置研究

为了给油茶的科学配置提供参考依据,研究了10个黔东地区油茶主栽品种的花粉量、杂交座果率及种实性状,并对不同配置组合进行了综合评价。结果显示:(1)花粉量最大的是‘黔玉2号’,最小的是‘湘林210号’,本地品种‘黔玉’系列、‘黔碧’系列的花粉量明显大于‘长林’系列等外地引进良种;(2)88个配置组合中有68个组合可育,座果率在60%以上的配置组合有19个,其中16个是不同系列的品种组合;(3)杂交座果率与单果质量、籽粒数、籽粒重呈极显著正相关,鲜出籽率与果形指数和果皮厚呈极显著负相关;(4)以‘长林53号’为母本,贵州本地品种‘黔玉’系列、‘黔碧’系列为父本的配置组合表现最好。