Quick and Accurate Counting of Rapeseed Seedling with Improved YOLOv5s and Deep-Sort Method

The statistics of the number of rapeseed seedlings are very important for breeders and planters to conduct seed quality testing,field crop management and yield estimation.Calculating the number of seedlings is inefficient and cumbersome in the traditional method.In this study,a method was proposed for efficient detection and calculation of rapeseed seedling number based on improved you only look once version 5(YOLOv5)to identify objects and deep-sort to perform object tracking for rapeseed seedling video.Coordinated attention(CA)mechanism was added to the trunk of the improved YOLOv5s,which made the model more effective in identifying shaded,dense and small rapeseed seedlings.Also,the use of the GSConv module replaced the standard convolution at the neck,reduced model parameters and enabled it better able to be equipped for mobile devices.The accuracy and recall rate of using improved YOLOv5s on the test set by 1.9%and 3.7%compared to 96.2%and 93.7%of YOLOv5s,respectively.The experimental results showed that the average error of monitoring the number of seedlings by unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)video of rapeseed seedlings based on improved YOLOv5s combined with depth-sort method was 4.3%.The presented approach can realize rapid statistics of the number of rapeseed seedlings in the field based on UAV remote sensing,provide a reference for variety selection and precise management of rapeseed.

2022年四川泸定 M_(s)6.8地震强震动特性研究

北京时间2022年9月5日12时52分,四川省甘孜州泸定县发生M_(s)6.8级地震。国家强震动台网获得了133组三分量加速度记录,在对记录进行初步筛选和滤波后,研究了PGA和PGV衰减关系、竖向地震动特点、地震动速度脉冲,对比分析了反应谱和设计谱,着重对石棉挖角台站附近震害与地震动的相关性进行了分析,结论如下:1)三种台站强震动记录的PGA和PGV拟合曲线都比较相近,PGA、PGV拟合曲线与霍俊荣的预测模型较为接近;2)竖向地震动偏大,约38.2%的强震动记录V/H大于2/3,可能是屋顶塌落、柱子扭转和天花板坠落等震害现象出现的主要原因;3)识别出具有速度脉冲特性的记录11条,该类记录对长周期结构影响较大;4)所选记录反应谱大多超过了罕遇地震设计谱水平段,具有速度脉冲特性的051SMW台站周围房屋破坏较严重,人员伤亡较重。

Improving Acacia auriculiformis seedlings using microbial inoculant(Beneficial Microorganisms)

A microbial inoculant, known as effective microorganisms （EM）, was applied to determine its efficacy on seed germination and seedling growth in the nursery of Acacia auriculiformis A Curm. ex Benth. The seedlings were grown in a mixture of sandy soil and cow dung （3：1） and kept in polybags; EM was poured at different concentra- tions （0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%）. Seed germination rate and growth parameters of seedlings - shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, vigor, volume, and quality indices and stur- diness - were measured. The nodulation status influenced by EM was also observed, along with the measurement ofpigrnent contents in leaves. The highest germination rate （72%） was observed in 2% EM solution while the lowest （55%） was found in control treatment. The highest shoot and root lengths （30.6 cm and 31.2 cm respectively） were recorded in 2% EM and were significantly （p 〈0.05） different from control. Both fresh and dry weights of shoots were maximum （8.66 g and 2.99 g respectively） in 2% EM, whereas both fresh and dry weights of root were maximum （2.56 g and 1.23 g respectively） in 5% EM solution. Although the highest vigor index, volume index, and sturdiness （4450, 628 and 67.5 respec- tively） were found in 2% EM, the highest quality index （0.455） was found in 5% EM solution. The nodule number was higher at a very low （0.5%） concentration of EM but it normally decreased with the increase of concentration. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid were maximum （43.26 mg.L-1, 13.56 mg.L-1 and 17.99 mg.L-1 respectively） in 2% EM. Therefore, low concentration of EM （up to 2%）can be recommended for getting maximum seed germination and seed- ling development ofA. auriculiformis in the nursery.

Allelopathy of Gaseous Volatiles of Eupatorium adenophorum on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Pinus yunanensis

[ Objective] The paper was to understand allelopathy of gaseous volatiles of Eupatorium adenophorum stems and leaves on seed germination and seedling growth of P/nus yunnanens/s. [ Method] P. yunnanens/s seeds were treated by fresh stems and leaves of E. adenophorum in translucent airtight container under high concentration （0.069 4 g/cm3 ）, middle concentration （0.023 1 g/cm3 ） and lower concentration （0. 007 7 g/cm3 ）, respectively. [ Result] Gaseous volatiles affected seed germination process; with the increasing processing concentration, the day on which seeds began to germinate and the day reaching germination peak were delayed, and the germination quantity on the day reaching germination peak was decreased ; the day on which the germination quantity began to significantly re- duce was delayed ; the process curve was developed from sudden increase and sudden decrease to gentle change, and nearly became a beeline at high concentration. The effects of gaseous volatiles on seed germination （ seed germination rate, germination potential, germination index） and seedling growth （fresh weight, dry weight, radicle length, hypceotyl length） of P. yunnanens/s were basically consistent, showing a regularity that high concentration had stronger inhibition effect and the inhibition effect became weaker with the decreasing concentration of E. adenophorum. E. adenophorum was widely distributed under P. yunnanens/s forests, and might affect natural regeneration and growth of P. yunnanens/s via allelopathy. [ Conclusion ] The paper provides reference for scientific management of P. yunnanens/s forests.

Nursery practice on seed germination and seedling growth of Dalbergia sissoo using beneficial microbial inoculants

Nursery practice using microbial inoculants was performed to find out the efficacy of the inoculants on seed germination and seedling growth of sissoo（Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.）.Microbial inoculants or effective microorganisms（EM） are a mixture of many different beneficial microorganisms in a solution.The seedlings were grown in a mixture of sandy soil and cowdung（3：1） kept in polybags with pouring EM solution at different concentrations（0.1%,0.5%,1%,2%,5% and 10%） before and after a week of sowing the seeds.Seed germination rate and growth parameters of seedlings were measured,such as,shoot and root length,vigor index,fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and total biomass increment.The nodulation status influenced by EM was also observed along with the measurement of pigment contents in leaves.The highest germination rate（69%） was observed in 2% EM treatment,followed by 67% and 65% in 1% and 5% EM.The highest shoot length（33.2 cm） was in 2% EM,whereas highest root length（26.3 cm） was in 1% EM.Both fresh and dry weights from shoot and root,were maximum（4.16 g and 1.57 g;2.12 g and 0.83 g respectively） in 2% EM and were significantly（p ≤ 0.05） different from control.Vigor index was highest（4071） in 2% EM,which was significantly（p ≤ 0.05） different from control.Total dry weight increment was highest in 2% EM treatment,followed by 1% and 5% concentrations of EM.Nodulation number was higher at very low（0.1%） concentration of EM solution but it normally decreased with the increase of EM concentrations.The contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and carotenoid were highest（60.11,17.05 and 42.48 mg·L1respectively） in 2% EM treatment and lowest（39.35,13.55 and 27.29 mg·L-1 respectively） in control treatment.Therefore,low concentration of EM（up to 2%） can be used for getting maximum seed germination rate and seedling development of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.

Effects of Distiller's Grain Substrate with Acid Regulation on the Growth of Tobacco Seedlings in Floating Breeding System

In order to reduce the use of peat resources and realize the sustainable development of tobacco, the pH of distiller s grain substrate was adjusted with humic acid, and the effects of various distiller s grain substrates on the growth of tobacco seedlings were studied to find out the method of cultivating high-quality tobacco seedlings by using distiller s grain substrate. The results showed that when 60% of humic acid was added to the distiller s grain substrate made from coarse distiller s grains, fine distiller s grains, perlite and vermiculite, both the pH and electrical conductivity decreased significantly and were similar to that of the conventional substrate. Moreover, the emergence rate of tobacco seedlings, the rate of strong tobacco seedlings, leaf number, stem height, root growth and quality of tobacco seedlings were good.

A Study on Seedlings' Density of Aralia elata

Aralia clata is an important economic species in northeast China. The experiments for determung optimum seedlings density were made in the nursery of Experimental Forest Farm of Liaoning Province. Qingyuan County, in 1997. The results of 4 repeating experiments for six densities were analyzed using variance analysis by single factor. Seedling density has great effects on growth of diameter(at foot) and height. The proper seedlings density forAralia elata was determined to be 55–65 stems/m2, or 330000 390000 hm2. Thus density can insure individual seedling’s quality and the maximum productivity of seedlings.

鄂北S井区盒8上亚段砂体叠置类型及其对气藏分布的影响

为明确鄂北S井区盒8上亚段地层砂体叠置类型及其与气藏分布的关系,通过岩心观察、测井解释等方法对研究区盒8上亚段沉积微相类型、砂体的垂向叠置及侧向接触关系进行深入研究,再结合试气资料探讨不同砂体叠置类型的气藏分布特征。结果表明:鄂北S井区盒8上亚段为曲流河三角洲平原亚相,有利砂体对应的沉积微相类型为边滩与河道充填微相;砂体垂向叠置类型可划分为分离式、叠加式、切叠式、替代式,侧向接触关系可划分为间湾接触、堤岸接触、对接式、侧切式、替代式;鄂北S井区盒8上亚段砂体垂向叠置类型主要为侧向切叠式和替代式,增加了砂体在侧向上的连通性;盒8上亚段砂体侧向接触关系主要为侧切式,提升了砂体侧向上的连通程度,气藏储存关系较好;单一、孤立存在的砂体,其连通性较差,整体的含气性也较差。该研究对寻找低渗透背景下产能高、潜力大的砂体分布区具有重要指导意义。

雷诺数和侧风对S型垂直轴风力机气动特性的影响

相较于工作在郊外良好风场的大型风力机,小型风力机易受城市风环境如低风速、高湍流度以及时变风速风向的影响。采用数值模拟手段研究了雷诺数和来流倾角对小型S型垂直轴风力机气动性能的影响。研究结果表明:S型风力机的气动性能对雷诺数不敏感,功率系数几乎不随雷诺数变化;侧风导致S型风力机的气动性能变差,静扭矩系数和功率系数降低,并且随着侧风来流倾角的增大,气动性能越差,侧风影响的流动机理一方面是来流倾角降低了水平速度分量,另一个方面是竖直速度分量减小了前进叶片的压力差,增加回转叶片的压力差,进一步加剧了气动性能的恶化。

Zeno and the Wrong Understanding of Motion—A Philosophical-Mathematical Inquiry into the Concept of Finitude as a Peculiarity of Infinity

In contrast to the solutions of applied mathematics to Zeno’s paradoxes, I focus on the concept of motion and show that, by distinguishing two different forms of motion, Zeno’s apparent paradoxes are not paradoxical at all. Zeno’s paradoxes indirectly prove that distances are not composed of extensionless points and, in general, that a higher dimension cannot be completely composed of lower ones. Conversely, lower dimensions can be understood as special cases of higher dimensions. To illustrate this approach, I consider Cantor’s only apparent proof that the real numbers are uncountable. However, his widely accepted indirect proof has the disadvantage that it depends on whether there is another way to make the real numbers countable. Cantor rightly assumes that there can be no smallest number between 0 and 1, and therefore no beginning of counting. For this reason he arbitrarily lists the real numbers in order to show with his diagonal method that this list can never be complete. The situation is different if we start with the largest number between 0 and 1 (0.999…) and use the method of an inverted triangle, which can be understood as a special fractal form. Here we can construct a vertical and a horizontal stratification with which it is actually possible to construct all real numbers between 0 and 1 without exception. Each column is infinite, and each number in that column is the starting point of a new triangle, while each row is finite. Even in a simple sine curve, we experience finiteness with respect to the y-axis and infinity with respect to the x-axis. The first parts of this article show that Zeno’s assumptions contradict the concept of motion as such, so it is not surprising that this misconstruction leads to contradictions. In the last part, I discuss Cantor’s diagonal method and explain the method of an inverted triangle that is internally structured like a fractal by repeating this inverted triangle at each column. The consequence is that we encounter two very different methods of counting. Vertically it is continuous, horizontally it is discrete. While Frege, Tarski, Cantor, Gödel and the Vienna Circle tried to derive the higher dimension from the lower, a procedure that always leads to new contradictions and antinomies (Tarski, Russell), I take the opposite approach here, in which I derive the lower dimension from the higher. This perspective seems to fail because Tarski, Russell, Wittgenstein, and especially the Vienna Circle have shown that the completeness of the absolute itself is logically contradictory. For this reason, we agree with Hegel in assuming that we can never fully comprehend the Absolute, but only its particular manifestations—otherwise we would be putting ourselves in the place of the Absolute, or even God. Nevertheless, we can understand the Absolute in its particular expressions, as I will show with the modest example of the triangle proof of the combined horizontal and vertical countability of the real numbers, which I developed in rejection of Cantor’s diagonal proof. .

S型异质结MoSi_(2)N_(4)/GeC电子及光学特性的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理计算方法研究了MoSi_(2)N_(4)/GeC异质结,对其进行结构、电子及光学特性的计算,并探究施加不同双轴应变和垂直电场对异质结能带结构及光吸收特性的影响,研究表明:MoSi_(2)N_(4)/GeC异质结是一种带隙为1.25 eV的间接带隙半导体,具有由GeC层指向MoSi_(2)N_(4)层的内建电场.此外,其光生载流子转移机制符合S型异质结机理,从而提高了光催化水分解的氧化还原电位,使其满足pH=0—14范围内的光催化水分解要求.双轴应变下,带隙随压缩应变的增加而先增大再减小,且在紫外区域的光吸收性能随压缩应变的增加而增强.带隙随拉伸应变的增大而减小,且可见光区域的光吸收性能较压缩应变时增强.垂直电场下,带隙随正电场的的增加而增大,随负电场的增大而减小.综上,MoSi_(2)N_(4)/GeC异质结可以作为一种高效的光催化材料应用于光电器件及光催化等领域.

2022年门源M_(S)6.9地震前后垂直形变

1研究背景据中国地震台网测定2022年1月8日1时45分,青海省海北州门源县发生M_(S)6.9地震(37.77°N,101.26°E),震源深度为10 km,这是继1986年8月26日门源M_(S)6.4地震(37.70°N,101.50°E)和2016年1月21日门源M_(S)6.4地震(37.68°N,101.62°E)之后该区域发生的又一次6级以上强震。

Vertical Transmission of Schistosoma Japonicum in the Rabbit

The aim of the present study was to confirm observations on the vertical transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in the rabbit. S. japonicum- infected pregnant rabbits were used in this study. Perfusion of mother rabbits was done 9weeks after infection in order to obtain worm bur- dens in relation to their initial cercarial dose.Anti- schistosoma specific Ig M antibodies in serum samples collected from rabbit kittens were detected by EL ISA.Our results showed that gestation period lasted the norm al2 9- 31days.All the exposed mother rabbits became infected with S. japonicum.Positive Ig M antibody OD values were detected in12 out of the6 0 kittens exam ined (2 0 .0 % ) . In group C and A,4 0 .0 % and 17.9% of the kitten were congenitally infected,re- spectively. 18.1% of the kittens born to mothers infected with a single dose of 2 0 0 cercariae per rabbit were positives;this is not significantly different from that obtained for the 6 0 0 dose group (2 2 .2 % ) .Three randomly selected Ig M+ kittens harbored between one and two adult worm s. The livers of these kittens displayed granulomatous lesions. It is concluded that congenital S. japonicum infection does occur in the rabbit and is affected by the m other stage of pregnancy and to a lesser extent by its infection load.

Vertical vibration of a floating pile in a saturated viscoelastic soil layer overlaying bedrock

An axisymmetrical analytical solution is developed to investigate the vertical time-harmonic vibration of a floating pile in a saturated viscoelastic soil layer overlaying bedrock. The soil is described by porous medium model established by Boer, while the pile is described by a beam vibration theory. By using separation theory of differential operator and variables to solve the dynamic governing equations for the soil, the fundamental solutions for the soil reactions on side and bottom of the pile are obtained. The dynamic impedance of the pile head is then derived by solving the vibration equation for the pile according to the compatibility condition between the pile and the soil. The proposed model is validated by comparing special cases of our model with the existing results. Numerical examples are presented to analyze the vibration characteristics of the pile.

On the Forced Tangentially-Averaged Radial-Vertical Circulation within Vortices. Part II: The Transformationof Tropical Storm Haima (2004)

A real case study for the transformation of Tropical Storm （TS） Haima （2004） into an extratropical cyclone （EC） is carried out numerically since,after landfall,Haima （2004） （as an EC） brought severe weather to a large area （from the south to the north） in China during 13-16 September 2004.With the linear diagnostic model （derived in a previous study） for the tangentially-averaged radial-vertical circulation within vortices moving on the spherical Earth,Haima＇s （2004） life cycle is reconstructed noticeably well.Therefore,the major contributor could be identified confidently for Haima＇s （2004） extratropical transition based on the diagnostic model outputs.The quantitative comparison shows that up to a 90% contribution to the innerregion updraft and a 55% contribution to the upper-layer outflow come from latent heating during Haima＇s （2004） TS stage.Up to a 90% contribution to the inner-region updraft and nearly a 100% contribution to the upper-layer outflow come from the upper-layer eddy angular momentum advection （EAMA） during Haima＇s （2004） EC stage.Representing the asymmetric structure of the storm,the predominantly positive contribution of the upper-layer EAMA to Haima＇s （2004） transformation is closely associated with the Sshaped westerlies in the upper layer with two jets.One jet in the cyclonic-curvature area carries cyclonic angular momentum into the storm,and the other jet in the anticyclonic-curvature area carries anticyclonic angular momentum out of the storm.Consequently,the newly-increased cyclonic tangential wind is deflected by the Coriolis force to the right to form the upper-layer outflow accompanied by the central-area rising motion,leading to Haima＇s （2004） extratropical transition after its landfall.

All-Solid-State Thin-Film Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)system coupled with thin-film solid electrolyte as a novel high-energy micro-battery has enormous potential for complementing embedded energy harvesters to enable the autonomy of the Internet of Things microdevice.However,the volatility in high vacuum and intrinsic sluggish kinetics of S hinder researchers from empirically integrating it into allsolid-state thin-film batteries,leading to inexperience in fabricating all-solid-state thin-film Li-S batteries(TFLSBs).Herein,for the first time,TFLSBs have been successfully constructed by stacking vertical graphene nanosheets-Li2S(VGsLi2S)composite thin-film cathode,lithium-phosphorous-oxynitride(LiPON)thin-film solid electrolyte,and Li metal anode.Fundamentally eliminating Lipolysulfide shuttle effect and maintaining a stable VGs-Li2S/LiPON interface upon prolonged cycles have been well identified by employing the solid-state Li-S system with an“unlimited Li”reservoir,which exhibits excellent longterm cycling stability with a capacity retention of 81%for 3,000 cycles,and an exceptional high temperature tolerance up to 60℃.More impressively,VGs-Li2S-based TFLSBs with evaporated-Li thin-film anode also demonstrate outstanding cycling performance over 500 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.71%.Collectively,this study presents a new development strategy for secure and high-performance rechargeable all-solid-state thin-film batteries.

2022年3月17日皮山M_(S)5.2地震区域电磁异常综合分析

综合分析2022年3月17日皮山M_(S)5.2地震前震中附近存在的区域电磁异常特征。结果表明:①本次震中距离地磁低点位移预测线约280 km,且与优势发震时间接近,该异常对应本次地震;②本次地震虽然发生在地磁逐日比和地磁垂直强度极化预测区内,但震级偏小,且距离异常台站较远,异常不对应此次地震;③将地磁逐日比和低点位移进行综合分析有助于提高地震短期预测的准确性。

Scattering of Oblique Surface Water Waves by Thin Vertical Barrier Over Undulating Bed Topography

The present study deals with the scattering of oblique surface water waves by small undulation on the bottom in the presence of a thin vertical barrier. Here, three different configurations of vertical barriers are investigated. Perturbation analysis is employed to determine the physical quantities, namely, the reflection and transmission coefficients. In this analysis, many different Boundary Value Problems (BVPs) are obtained out of which the first two bvps are considered. The zeroth order bvp is solved with the aid of eigenfunction expansion method. The first order reflection and transmission coefficients are derived in terms of the integrals by the method of the Green's integral theorem. The variation of these coefficients is plotted and analyzed for different physical parameters. Furthermore, the energy balance relation, an important relation in the study of water wave scattering, is derived and checked for assuring the correctness of the numerical results for the present problem.

Investigation of nanofluid flow in a vertical channel considering polynomial boundary conditions by Akbari-Ganji’s method

In this research,a vertical channel containing a laminar and fully developed nanofluid flow is investigated.The channel surface’s boundary conditions for temperature and volume fraction functions are considered qth-order polynomials.The equations related to this problem have been extracted and then solved by the AGM and validated through the Runge-Kutta numerical method and another similar study.In the study,the effect of parameters,including Grashof number,Brownian motion parameter,etc.,on the motion,velocity,temperature,and volume fraction of nanofluids have been analyzed.The results demonstrate that increasing the Gr number by 100%will increase the velocity profile function by 78%and decrease the temperature and fraction profiles by 20.87%and 120.75%.Moreover,rising the Brownian motion parameter in five different sizes(0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,and 0.5)causes lesser velocity,about 24.3%at first and 4.35%at the last level,and a maximum 52.86%increase for temperature and a 24.32%rise for ψ occurs when N b rises from 0.1 to 0.2.For all N_(t) values,at least 55.44%,18.69%,for F(η),andΩ(η),and 20.23%rise for ψ(η)function is observed.Furthermore,enlarging the N r parameter from 0.25 to 0.1 leads F(η)to rise by 199.7%,fluid dimensionless temperature,and dimensional volume fraction to decrease by 18%and 92.3%.In the end,a greater value of q means a more powerful energy source,amplifying all velocity,temperature,and volume fraction functions.The main novelty of this research is the combined convection qth-order polynomials boundary condition applied to the channel walls.Moreover,The AMG semi-analytical method is used as a novel method to solve the governing equations.

2021年9月16日四川泸县M_(S)6.0地震前地磁垂直强度极化异常分析

1研究背景。Hayakawa在1996年提出的地磁垂直强度极化方法在我国广泛应用。该方法通过数值模拟获知一次源来自高空电离层的极化值小于1,源自于震源的极化值大于或约等于1(Hayakawa et al,1996),Hayakawa利用该方法对1993年的关岛8级地震进行研究,发现震前垂直强度极化Yz h值逐渐增大直到发震时达最大值,震后恢复。近年我国学者研究发现地震往往发生在台站出现极化值高值异常后的1个月时间内(冯志生等,2010),发震地点在异常空间等值线的阈值线附近(冯丽丽等,2021),这种极化值异常与外空场活动无关(何畅等,2017)。