This study applies the mass-spring system to model the dynamic behavior of a submerged net panel similar to the shooting process in actual purse seine fishing operation. Modeling indicates that there is insufficient s...This study applies the mass-spring system to model the dynamic behavior of a submerged net panel similar to the shooting process in actual purse seine fishing operation. Modeling indicates that there is insufficient stretching with the net panel under the floatline in the prophase of the shooting process. Sinkers at different locations along the leadline descend successively after submergence, and the sinking speed decreases gradually with elapsed time until attainment of a stable state. Designs with different current speeds and sinker weights are executed to determine the dimensional shape and sinking characteristics of the net. The net rigged with greater sinker weight gains significantly greater sinking depth without water flow. Compared with the vertical spread of the net wall in static water, the middle part of the netting presents a larger displacement along the direction of current under flow condition. It follows that considerable deformation of the netting occurs with higher current speed as the sinkers affected by hydrodynamic force drift in the direction of current. The numerical model is verified by a comparison between simulated results and sea measurements. The calculated values generally coincide with the observed ones, with the former being slightly higher than the latter. This study provides an implicit algorithm which saves computational loads for enormous systems such as purse seines, and ensures the accuracy and stability of numerical solutions in a repetitious iteration process.展开更多
In the Indian Ocean, bigeye tuna supports one of the most important fisheries in the world. This fishery mainly consists of two components: longline and purse seine fisheries. Evidence of overfishing and stock depleti...In the Indian Ocean, bigeye tuna supports one of the most important fisheries in the world. This fishery mainly consists of two components: longline and purse seine fisheries. Evidence of overfishing and stock depletion of bigeye tuna calls for an evaluation of alternative management strategies. Using an age-structured operating model, parameterize dwith the results derived in a recent stock assessment,we evaluated the effectiveness of applying constant fishing mortality (CF) and quasi-constant fishing mortality (QCF) strategies to reduce fishing effort of purse seining with fish aggregating devices (FADs) at different rates. Three different levels of productivity accounted for the uncertainty in our understanding of stock productivity. The study shows that the results of CF and QCF are similar. Average SSB and catchduring simulation years would be higher if fishing mortality of FAD-associated purse seiningwas reduced rapidly. The banning or rapid reduction of purse seining with FAD resulted in a mean catch, and catch in the last simulation year, higher than that of the base case in which no change was made to the purse seine fishery. This could be caused by growth overfishing by purse seine fisheries with FADs according to the per-recruit analysis. These differences would be more obvious when stock productivity was low. Transferring efforts of FAD-associated purse seining to longline fisheries is also not feasible.Our study suggests that changes are necessary to improve the performance of the current management strategy.展开更多
Fishing with artificial light has become one of the most advanced,efficient,and common methods for the night-time purse seining in Vietnam.This study evaluated the radiation spectrum,CIE chromaticity coordinates,corre...Fishing with artificial light has become one of the most advanced,efficient,and common methods for the night-time purse seining in Vietnam.This study evaluated the radiation spectrum,CIE chromaticity coordinates,correlated color temperature(CCT),catch rate,fuel consumption,and CO_(2)emissions when using Light emitting diode(LED)lamps(0.196 kW)in comparison with the use of metal halide(MH)lights(1 kW)in the offshore purse seine fishery in Quang Tri province,Vietnam.The fishing efficiency of the purse seine fishing boats using LED lamps has increased 1.58 times in catch rate than MH lights,although the energy consumption of LED lamp is 4 times smaller.Fuel consumption of boats per trip using LED lamps was one third of that using MH lights.The use of LED reduced the radiation spectrum,especially the intense UV radiation which negatively affects the health of fishermen.This study also showed the potential of CO_(2)emission reduction up to 1.09 tons of CO_(2)per trip per boat from the use of LED lamps in the offshore purse seine fishing boats.展开更多
The use of high-power lights during night-time purse seining is common in Vietnam.Typically,metal halide(MH)lamps are used in the commercial fishery to attract fish,however these lights require more energy,have a shor...The use of high-power lights during night-time purse seining is common in Vietnam.Typically,metal halide(MH)lamps are used in the commercial fishery to attract fish,however these lights require more energy,have a shorter lifespan,and lower chromatic performance than light emitting diode(LED)lamps.This study examined catch efficiency and fuel consumption when using LED lamps in combination with reduced numbers of MH lamps(10.24 kW),compared to conventional lighting(28.6 kW),used during purse seining off the coast of Ninh Thuan province,Vietnam.The economic performance associated with using LED lamps in this fishery was also assessed.We found no significant differences in catch rates between the different light treatments,however fuel consumption was significantly reduced.Fuel consumption per nightly trip using LED with MH lamps was 70.8 l(11.1 l/h)compared to114 l(17.45 l/hr)using MH lamps alone,an estimated 37.9%reduction in fuel consumption.An investment in LED lamps by a fishing enterprise will require additional initial costs,however our analysis revealed the financial break-event point can be reached after approximately 101 nightly trips when the fuel price is at the 2015 level of USD$0.74 per l.Fishing enterprises can increase their profitability,and reduce CO2 emissions,by using LED lamps in the Vietnamese purse seine fishery.展开更多
940668 尼日利亚西南沿海个体地拉网作业的改进=Improvement in the operations of arti-sanal coastal beach seine in South West Nigeris[刊,英]//ASFAI..—1993,23(3).—233尼日利亚个体渔民广泛使用的、上纲长度500～800米的沿海...940668 尼日利亚西南沿海个体地拉网作业的改进=Improvement in the operations of arti-sanal coastal beach seine in South West Nigeris[刊,英]//ASFAI..—1993,23(3).—233尼日利亚个体渔民广泛使用的、上纲长度500～800米的沿海大型地拉网的人力绞网作业经常受到人力缺少的影响,有关的一些渔民极大要求引进机械化动力绞车,以减少劳力需要。为了测定使用绞车进行机械化绞网作用需要的分力,对上纲长度588米的沿海典型地拉网进行了阻力测量,通过增大网袖的缩结系数(0.75)。展开更多
African swine fever virus(ASFV)is the only pathogen that causes African swine fever(ASF).The virus has strong viability outside of pigs,easily causing cross-border transmission,and bringing great harm to the pig indus...African swine fever virus(ASFV)is the only pathogen that causes African swine fever(ASF).The virus has strong viability outside of pigs,easily causing cross-border transmission,and bringing great harm to the pig industry.This paper mainly introduced the biological characteristics and transmission methods of ASFV,and provides a certain theoretical basis for preventing ASF.展开更多
Die Stadt Wien erlangte im Hochmittelalter als eine wichtige mitteleuropǎische Zwischenhandelsstadt groBe Bedeutung. lhre Entwicklung verdankt der Wiener Raum dem Handelsverkehr an Donau. Der frühmittelalterlich...Die Stadt Wien erlangte im Hochmittelalter als eine wichtige mitteleuropǎische Zwischenhandelsstadt groBe Bedeutung. lhre Entwicklung verdankt der Wiener Raum dem Handelsverkehr an Donau. Der frühmittelalterliche Femhandel benutzte in erster Linie den von der Natur vorgezeichneten Weg und die von ihr geschaffene VerkehrsstraBe. Die WasserstraBe ist vor allem benutzbar, weil sie offenkundig schneller und billiger ist. Wien liegt am Kreuzungspunkt zweier damalig wichtiger StraBen: der DonaustraBe, die die Mittel Europas durchquert; der LandstraBe, die von ltalien über den Semmering nach Mǎhren und Polen ist. Die DonaustraBe ist eine bedeutende West-Ost-FluBverbindung Europas, bzw. die ǎlteste und wichtigste FernhandelsstraBe. Sie verband die westlichen Nachbaren sterreichs, vornehmlich Bayern und Schwaben, mit den wirtschaftlich noch unterentwickelten Lǎndern im Osten, z.B. Ungarn, einerseits; anderseits eine Reihe schiffbarer Nebenflüsse, durch die das Innere der Alpen miteinander verbunden und展开更多
During 2010-2011, Myanmar started its political transition. The U Thein SeinAdministration has made obvious policy adjustments towards China after it replaced the Mili-tary government. However, such adjustments were l...During 2010-2011, Myanmar started its political transition. The U Thein SeinAdministration has made obvious policy adjustments towards China after it replaced the Mili-tary government. However, such adjustments were limited, as Myanmar hasn＇t totally lean tothe West, but keeping relatively closer political contact with China. Empirical analysis showsthat political institu6on and ideology are not the key reasons leading to such adjustments？China-Myanmar relations had undergone fluctuation, osdlla6on and stability during 2011-2016, the root causes of which are the legality of political power, national security based ongeopolitics and economic development demands of＂ Myanmar people. Moreover, those threefactors remain the primary considerations of the NLD Government when it handling relationswith China.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No. 2012AA092302)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No. 20103104120006)the Project of First-class Disciplines Shanghai Universities: Eco-Friendly Fishing Gear and Fishing Methods in the Field of Fisheries Science (B-5005-12-0001-4C)
文摘This study applies the mass-spring system to model the dynamic behavior of a submerged net panel similar to the shooting process in actual purse seine fishing operation. Modeling indicates that there is insufficient stretching with the net panel under the floatline in the prophase of the shooting process. Sinkers at different locations along the leadline descend successively after submergence, and the sinking speed decreases gradually with elapsed time until attainment of a stable state. Designs with different current speeds and sinker weights are executed to determine the dimensional shape and sinking characteristics of the net. The net rigged with greater sinker weight gains significantly greater sinking depth without water flow. Compared with the vertical spread of the net wall in static water, the middle part of the netting presents a larger displacement along the direction of current under flow condition. It follows that considerable deformation of the netting occurs with higher current speed as the sinkers affected by hydrodynamic force drift in the direction of current. The numerical model is verified by a comparison between simulated results and sea measurements. The calculated values generally coincide with the observed ones, with the former being slightly higher than the latter. This study provides an implicit algorithm which saves computational loads for enormous systems such as purse seines, and ensures the accuracy and stability of numerical solutions in a repetitious iteration process.
基金Supported by the Shanghai Ocean University Graduate School (PhD Dissertation Grant)the Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation(No.12231203900)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC41276156)the Industrialization Program of the National Development and Reform Commission(No.2159999)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Projectthe National Distant-water Fisheries Engineering Research Center,the Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources,Ministry of Agriculture,China.Y.supported by the Shanghai Leading Teacher Program
文摘In the Indian Ocean, bigeye tuna supports one of the most important fisheries in the world. This fishery mainly consists of two components: longline and purse seine fisheries. Evidence of overfishing and stock depletion of bigeye tuna calls for an evaluation of alternative management strategies. Using an age-structured operating model, parameterize dwith the results derived in a recent stock assessment,we evaluated the effectiveness of applying constant fishing mortality (CF) and quasi-constant fishing mortality (QCF) strategies to reduce fishing effort of purse seining with fish aggregating devices (FADs) at different rates. Three different levels of productivity accounted for the uncertainty in our understanding of stock productivity. The study shows that the results of CF and QCF are similar. Average SSB and catchduring simulation years would be higher if fishing mortality of FAD-associated purse seiningwas reduced rapidly. The banning or rapid reduction of purse seining with FAD resulted in a mean catch, and catch in the last simulation year, higher than that of the base case in which no change was made to the purse seine fishery. This could be caused by growth overfishing by purse seine fisheries with FADs according to the per-recruit analysis. These differences would be more obvious when stock productivity was low. Transferring efforts of FAD-associated purse seining to longline fisheries is also not feasible.Our study suggests that changes are necessary to improve the performance of the current management strategy.
基金This study was funded by the Hue University DHH 2019-02-109 grant for the project:“Study on the applied LED lamps in offshore seine fishery in Quang Trịprovince”from Hue University,Hue city,Vietnam.
文摘Fishing with artificial light has become one of the most advanced,efficient,and common methods for the night-time purse seining in Vietnam.This study evaluated the radiation spectrum,CIE chromaticity coordinates,correlated color temperature(CCT),catch rate,fuel consumption,and CO_(2)emissions when using Light emitting diode(LED)lamps(0.196 kW)in comparison with the use of metal halide(MH)lights(1 kW)in the offshore purse seine fishery in Quang Tri province,Vietnam.The fishing efficiency of the purse seine fishing boats using LED lamps has increased 1.58 times in catch rate than MH lights,although the energy consumption of LED lamp is 4 times smaller.Fuel consumption of boats per trip using LED lamps was one third of that using MH lights.The use of LED reduced the radiation spectrum,especially the intense UV radiation which negatively affects the health of fishermen.This study also showed the potential of CO_(2)emission reduction up to 1.09 tons of CO_(2)per trip per boat from the use of LED lamps in the offshore purse seine fishing boats.
文摘The use of high-power lights during night-time purse seining is common in Vietnam.Typically,metal halide(MH)lamps are used in the commercial fishery to attract fish,however these lights require more energy,have a shorter lifespan,and lower chromatic performance than light emitting diode(LED)lamps.This study examined catch efficiency and fuel consumption when using LED lamps in combination with reduced numbers of MH lamps(10.24 kW),compared to conventional lighting(28.6 kW),used during purse seining off the coast of Ninh Thuan province,Vietnam.The economic performance associated with using LED lamps in this fishery was also assessed.We found no significant differences in catch rates between the different light treatments,however fuel consumption was significantly reduced.Fuel consumption per nightly trip using LED with MH lamps was 70.8 l(11.1 l/h)compared to114 l(17.45 l/hr)using MH lamps alone,an estimated 37.9%reduction in fuel consumption.An investment in LED lamps by a fishing enterprise will require additional initial costs,however our analysis revealed the financial break-event point can be reached after approximately 101 nightly trips when the fuel price is at the 2015 level of USD$0.74 per l.Fishing enterprises can increase their profitability,and reduce CO2 emissions,by using LED lamps in the Vietnamese purse seine fishery.
文摘940668 尼日利亚西南沿海个体地拉网作业的改进=Improvement in the operations of arti-sanal coastal beach seine in South West Nigeris[刊,英]//ASFAI..—1993,23(3).—233尼日利亚个体渔民广泛使用的、上纲长度500～800米的沿海大型地拉网的人力绞网作业经常受到人力缺少的影响,有关的一些渔民极大要求引进机械化动力绞车,以减少劳力需要。为了测定使用绞车进行机械化绞网作用需要的分力,对上纲长度588米的沿海典型地拉网进行了阻力测量,通过增大网袖的缩结系数(0.75)。
基金Undergraduate Innovation and Enterpreneurship Training Program of Tianjin Agricultural University(202010061146)。
文摘African swine fever virus(ASFV)is the only pathogen that causes African swine fever(ASF).The virus has strong viability outside of pigs,easily causing cross-border transmission,and bringing great harm to the pig industry.This paper mainly introduced the biological characteristics and transmission methods of ASFV,and provides a certain theoretical basis for preventing ASF.
文摘Die Stadt Wien erlangte im Hochmittelalter als eine wichtige mitteleuropǎische Zwischenhandelsstadt groBe Bedeutung. lhre Entwicklung verdankt der Wiener Raum dem Handelsverkehr an Donau. Der frühmittelalterliche Femhandel benutzte in erster Linie den von der Natur vorgezeichneten Weg und die von ihr geschaffene VerkehrsstraBe. Die WasserstraBe ist vor allem benutzbar, weil sie offenkundig schneller und billiger ist. Wien liegt am Kreuzungspunkt zweier damalig wichtiger StraBen: der DonaustraBe, die die Mittel Europas durchquert; der LandstraBe, die von ltalien über den Semmering nach Mǎhren und Polen ist. Die DonaustraBe ist eine bedeutende West-Ost-FluBverbindung Europas, bzw. die ǎlteste und wichtigste FernhandelsstraBe. Sie verband die westlichen Nachbaren sterreichs, vornehmlich Bayern und Schwaben, mit den wirtschaftlich noch unterentwickelten Lǎndern im Osten, z.B. Ungarn, einerseits; anderseits eine Reihe schiffbarer Nebenflüsse, durch die das Innere der Alpen miteinander verbunden und
文摘During 2010-2011, Myanmar started its political transition. The U Thein SeinAdministration has made obvious policy adjustments towards China after it replaced the Mili-tary government. However, such adjustments were limited, as Myanmar hasn＇t totally lean tothe West, but keeping relatively closer political contact with China. Empirical analysis showsthat political institu6on and ideology are not the key reasons leading to such adjustments？China-Myanmar relations had undergone fluctuation, osdlla6on and stability during 2011-2016, the root causes of which are the legality of political power, national security based ongeopolitics and economic development demands of＂ Myanmar people. Moreover, those threefactors remain the primary considerations of the NLD Government when it handling relationswith China.
