The methane bubble plume attracts interest because it offers direct evidence of seafloor gas leakage and plays an indirect role in the exploration and identification of natural gas hydrate.In this study,based on estab...The methane bubble plume attracts interest because it offers direct evidence of seafloor gas leakage and plays an indirect role in the exploration and identification of natural gas hydrate.In this study,based on established plume models and their migration sections,three amplitude-class attributes were extracted from three formations for the migration sections of five plumes,and the correlation between the gas content and seismic attribute was obtained.As the gas content increases,the amplitude attribute correspondingly increases,and the linear correlation is relatively good.Moreover,correlation coefficients between gas content and amplitude attributes are close to 1.0.By using linear fitting,the relation model between the gas content of the plume and the seismic attribute was obtained.The relation model was subsequently used to invert the gas content from a real databearing plume.Comparison of the gas content section of the plume with the attribute section and real seismic section reveals common distribution characteristics,namely,the color of the section in the lower right corner is dark.If the amplitude value is large in the seismic section of the real plume,the amplitude attribute value is also large in the corresponding attribute section,and the inverted value of the gas content is also large(because gas content and amplitude are linearly correlated),which indicates that the plume bubbles of the section in the lower right corner is intensively distributed.Finally,the obtained gas content section of the plume can reflect the distribution of the plume bubble content more simply and intuitively,from which the distribution law of seafloor bubbles can be deduced,and this lays a foundation for the further estimation of the gas content of the plume and hydrate reserves.展开更多
The objective of this work is to implement a pseudo-forward equation which is called PFE to transform data (similarity attribute) to model parameters (porosity) in a gas reservoir in the F3 block of North Sea. Thi...The objective of this work is to implement a pseudo-forward equation which is called PFE to transform data (similarity attribute) to model parameters (porosity) in a gas reservoir in the F3 block of North Sea. This equation which is an experimental model has unknown constants in its structure; hence, a least square solution is applied to find the best constants. The results derived from solved equa- tions show that the errors on measured data are mapped into the errors of estimated constants; hence, Tikhonov regularization is used to improve the estimated parameters. The results are compared with a conventional method such as cross plotting between acoustic impedance and porosity values to validate the PFE model. When the testing dataset in sand units was used, the correlation coefficient between two variables (actual and predicted values) was obtained as 0.720 and 0.476 for PFE model and cross-plotting analysis, respectively. Therefore, the testing dataset validates rela- tively well the PFE optimized by Tikhonov regularization in sand units of a gas reservoir. The obtained results indi- cate that PFE could provide initial information about sandstone reservoirs. It could estimate reservoir porosity distribution approximately and it highlights bright spots and fault structures such as gas chimneys and salt edges.展开更多
The carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin are characterized by anisotropy and strong heterogeneity.Combined with an integrated analysis of data from seismic,geology,and drilling results,a series of attributes which ...The carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin are characterized by anisotropy and strong heterogeneity.Combined with an integrated analysis of data from seismic,geology,and drilling results,a series of attributes which are suitable for fractured and caved carbonate reservoir prediction is discussed,including amplitude,coherence analysis,spectra decomposition,seismic absorption attenuation analysis and impedance inversion.Moreover,3-D optimization of these attributes is achieved by integration of multivariate discriminant analysis and principle component analysis,where the logging data are taken as training samples.Using the optimized results,the spatial distribution and configuration features of the caved reservoirs can be characterized in detail.This technique not only improves the understanding of the spatial distribution of current reservoirs but also provides a significant basis for the discovery and production of carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin.展开更多
Small structures in coal mine working face is one of the main hidden dangers of safe and effi cient production in coal mine.Currently,seismic exploration is often used as the main method for detecting such structures....Small structures in coal mine working face is one of the main hidden dangers of safe and effi cient production in coal mine.Currently,seismic exploration is often used as the main method for detecting such structures.However,limited by the accuracy of seismic data processing and interpretation,the interpreted location of small structures is often deviated.Ground-penetrating radar(GPR)can detect small structures accurately,but the exploration depth is shallow.The combination of the two methods can improve the exploration accuracy of small structures in coal mine.Aiming at the 1226#working face of Shuguang coal mine,we propose a method of seismic-attributes based small-structure prediction error correction using GPR data.First,we extract the coherence,curvature,and dip attributes from seismic data,that are sensitive to small structures,then by considering factors such as the eff ective detection range of GPR and detection environment,we select two structures from the prediction results of seismic attributes for GPR detection.Finally,based on the relationship between the positions of small structures predicted by the two methods,we use statistical methods to determine the overall off set distance and azimuth of the small structures in the entire study area and use the results as a standard for correcting each structure position.The results show that the GPR data can be used to correct the horizontal position errors of small structures predicted by seismic attribute analysis.The accuracy of the prediction results is greatly improved,with the error controlled within 5 m and reduced by more than 80%.Therefore,the feasibility of the method proposed in this study is verified.展开更多
To improve the accuracy of inversion results,geological facies distributions are considered as additional constraints in the inversion process.However,the geological facies itself also has its own uncertainty.In this ...To improve the accuracy of inversion results,geological facies distributions are considered as additional constraints in the inversion process.However,the geological facies itself also has its own uncertainty.In this paper,the initial sedimentary facies maps are obtained by integrated geological analysis from well data,seismic attributes,and deterministic inversion results.Then the fi rst iteration of facies-constrained seismic inversion is performed.According to that result and other data such as geological information,the facies distribution can be updated using cluster analysis.The next round of facies-constrained inversion can then be performed.This process will be repeated until the facies inconsistency or error before and after the inversion is minimized.It forms a new iterative facies-constrained seismic inversion technique.Compared with conventional facies-constrained seismic inversion,the proposed method not only can reduces the non-uniqueness of seismic inversion results but also can improves its resolution.As a consequence,the sedimentary facies will be more consistent with the geology.A practical application demonstrated that the superposition relationship of sand bodies could be better delineated based on this new seismic inversion technique.The result highly increases the understanding of reservoir connectivity and its accuracy,which can be used to guide further development.展开更多
The main problems in seismic attribute technology are the redundancy of data and the uncertainty of attributes, and these problems become much more serious in multi-wave seismic exploration. Data redundancy will incre...The main problems in seismic attribute technology are the redundancy of data and the uncertainty of attributes, and these problems become much more serious in multi-wave seismic exploration. Data redundancy will increase the burden on interpreters, occupy large computer memory, take much more computing time, conceal the effective information, and especially cause the "curse of dimension". Uncertainty of attributes will reduce the accuracy of rebuilding the relationship between attributes and geological significance. In order to solve these problems, we study methods of principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA) for attribute optimization and support vector machine (SVM) for reservoir prediction. We propose a flow chart of multi-wave seismic attribute process and further apply it to multi-wave seismic reservoir prediction. The processing results of real seismic data demonstrate that reservoir prediction based on combination of PP- and PS-wave attributes, compared with that based on traditional PP-wave attributes, can improve the prediction accuracy.展开更多
Mediterranean Sea considered as a main hydrocarbon province in Egypt as a huge reservoirs have been discovered till now. Port Fouad marine is a gas and condensate field located in Eastern Mediterranean Sea about 30 KM...Mediterranean Sea considered as a main hydrocarbon province in Egypt as a huge reservoirs have been discovered till now. Port Fouad marine is a gas and condensate field located in Eastern Mediterranean Sea about 30 KM off Egyptian coast, in a water depth of about 30 m. The Concession is operated by PETROBEL on behalf of Petrosaid (Port Said Petroleum Company). The field was put on production on April 1996, from the Miocene turbidities sands of Wakar Formation plus Pilocene Kafr EL Sheikh Formation. Darfeel field is located within Port Fouad Concession, seven wells have been drilled till now and producing from Pliocene section (Kafr El Sheikh Formation). Pliocene is the main reservoir in Darfeel field which characterized by turbidities sand stone. The aim of this work is to identify the distribution of turbidities sand and characterize sand reservoirs using AVO (amplitude verses offset) and seismic attributes techniques. The workflow is starting from conventional seismic interpretation, maps (time, depth, and amplitude), depositional environments, and finally structure setting. In addition to use some of unconventional seismic interpretation such as seismic attributes. AVO analysis and attributes had been applied in a temp of differentiate between gas sand reservoirs and non-gas reservoirs. The final result aid to identify the reservoir distribution and characterization of sand reservoirs through the field. So, the use of different seismic techniques is powerful techniques in identifying reservoir distribution.展开更多
Petrophysical properties have played an important and definitive role in the study of oil and gas reservoirs,necessitating that diverse kinds of information are used to infer these properties.In this study,the seismic...Petrophysical properties have played an important and definitive role in the study of oil and gas reservoirs,necessitating that diverse kinds of information are used to infer these properties.In this study,the seismic data related to the Hendijan oil field were utilised,along with the available logs of 7 wells of this field,in order to use the extracted relationships between seismic attributes and the values of the shale volume in the wells to estimate the shale volume in wells intervals.After the overall survey of data,a seismic line was selected and seismic inversion methods(model-based,band limited and sparse spike inversion)were applied to it.Amongst all of these techniques,the model-based method presented the better results.By using seismic attributes and artificial neural networks,the shale volume was then estimated using three types of neural networks,namely the probabilistic neural network(PNN),multi-layer feed-forward network(MLFN)and radial basic function network(RBFN).展开更多
Dynamic models of the seismic,geological,and flow characteristics of a reservoir are the main tool used to evaluate the potential of drilling new infill wells.Static geological models are mainly based on borehole data...Dynamic models of the seismic,geological,and flow characteristics of a reservoir are the main tool used to evaluate the potential of drilling new infill wells.Static geological models are mainly based on borehole data combined with dynamic analyses of production dynamics.They are used to determine the redevelopment of and adjustments to new drilling locations;however,such models rarely incorporate seismic data.Consequently,it is difficult to control the changes in geological models between wells,which results in the configuration of well positions and predicted results being less than ideal.To improve the development of adjusted areas in terms of their remaining oil contents,we developed a new integrated analysis that combines static sediment modelling,including microfacies analysis(among other reservoir and seismic properties),with production behaviours.Here,we illustrate this new process by(1)establishing favourable areas for static geological analysis;(2)studying well recompletion potential and the condition of non-producing wells;(3)conducting interwell analyses with seismic and sedimentary data;(4)identifying potential sites constrained by seismic and geological studies,as well as initial oilfield production;(5)providing suggestions in a new well development plan.展开更多
Fractured reservoirs have always been a big favorable area for oil and gas reservoirs,so prediction of fractures is also a research hotspot in recent years.Due to the diversity of fracture development and the unclear ...Fractured reservoirs have always been a big favorable area for oil and gas reservoirs,so prediction of fractures is also a research hotspot in recent years.Due to the diversity of fracture development and the unclear development mechanism,fracture prediction has always been a major problem.Simple numerical simulation In this paper,seismic attribute is combined with numerical simulation,logging data and actual seismic profile are used as constraints,inversion impedance value and coherent attribute are combined,and finally a property model more in line with the actual geological conditions is established.The wave equation calculation and migration processing were used to obtain the numerical simulation profile,and the actual seismic profile,fracture detection profile and numerical simulation profile were combined for analysis:①The numerical simulation section under this modeling method can greatly correspond to the actual seismic section,and the reflected results can better reflect the changes of response characteristics.②The reliability and applicability of the fracture detection technology can be determined by comparing the forward simulation profile with the fracture detection profile.展开更多
Seismic attribute analysis approach has been applied for the interpretation and identification of fault geometry of Zamzama Gas Field. Zamzama gas field area, which lies in the vicinity of Kirthar fold and thrust belt...Seismic attribute analysis approach has been applied for the interpretation and identification of fault geometry of Zamzama Gas Field. Zamzama gas field area, which lies in the vicinity of Kirthar fold and thrust belt, Southern Indus Basin of Pakistan. The Zamzama fault and its related structure have been predicted by applying the Average Energy Attribute, Instantaneous Frequency Attribute, relative Acoustic Impedance Attribute and Chaotic Reflection Attribute on the seismic line GHPK98 A.34. The results have been confirmed by applying the spectral decomposition attribute on the same seismic line that reveal the geometric configuration of Zamzama structure. The fault is reverse and started from 0 s and ended at the depth of 2.5 s on the vertical seismic section. Hanging wall moves up along the fault plane under the action of eastward oriented stress, which formed a large northesouth oriented and eastward verging thrusted anticline.展开更多
Nile Delta which covers approximately 60,000 square kilometers represents the most important gas province in Egypt whereas its fields provide two-thirds of the gas production in Egypt. The Nile Delta province begins t...Nile Delta which covers approximately 60,000 square kilometers represents the most important gas province in Egypt whereas its fields provide two-thirds of the gas production in Egypt. The Nile Delta province begins to display its hydrocarbon potentiality in the early 1960s. Nidoco field is located in the shallow water offshore Nile delta. Abu Madi formation (Messinian age) is the most important formation through all the section where it represents the main gas producing reservoirs in the Field. The production of the field is coming from two sand reservoir levels;Abu Madi level 2&3 which are characterized by fluvial-deltaic sandstones. The purpose of this paper is to perceive the Messinian gas bearing reservoirs and channelized sand distribution inside Abu Madi formation using seismic attributes and amplitude versus offset (AVO) technique. The results indicated that the seismic attributes and AVO aided to give a complete picture about the Messinian reservoirs distribution and characterization in the field. Also the results show that there are still promising locations of prospective Abu Madi Level 2&3 which are proposed to be drilled in the field.展开更多
To study the bubble plume's seismic response characteristics,the model of a plume water body has been built in this article using the bubble-contained medium acoustic velocity model and the stochastic medium theor...To study the bubble plume's seismic response characteristics,the model of a plume water body has been built in this article using the bubble-contained medium acoustic velocity model and the stochastic medium theory based on an analysis of both the acoustic characteristics of a bubble-contained water body and the actual features of a plume.The finite difference method is used for forward modelling,and the single-shot seismic record exhibits the characteristics of a scattered wave field generated by a plume.A meaningful conclusion is obtained by extracting seismic attributes from the pre-stack shot gather record of a plume.The values of the amplitude-related seismic attributes increase greatly as the bubble content goes up,and changes in bubble radius will not cause seismic attributes to change,which is primarily observed because the bubble content has a strong impact on the plume's acoustic velocity,while the bubble radius has a weak impact on the acoustic velocity.The above conclusion provides a theoretical reference for identifying hydrate plumes using seismic methods and contributes to further study on hydrate decomposition and migration,as well as on distribution of the methane bubble in seawater.展开更多
With the objective of establishing the necessary conditions for 3D seismic data from mountainous areas in western China, we compared the application results of wave impedance technology in the lithology and exploratio...With the objective of establishing the necessary conditions for 3D seismic data from mountainous areas in western China, we compared the application results of wave impedance technology in the lithology and exploration of coal fields. First, we introduce principles and features of three kinds of inversion methods. i.e., Model-Based Inversion, Constrained Sparse Spike Inversion (CSSI) and Geology-Seismic Feature Inversion. Secondly, these inversion methods are contrasted in their application to 3D seismic data from some coalfields in western China. The main information provided by the research includes: improving the vertical resolution of coal deposit strata, inferring lateral variation of the lithology and predicting coal seams and their roof lithology. Finally, the comparison between the three methods shows that the model-based inversion has the higher resolution, while CSSI inversion has better waveform continuity. The geology-seismic feature inversion requires information from a large number of wells and many types of logging curves of good quality. All three methods can meet the requirements of seismic exploration for lithological exploration in coal fields.展开更多
Non-liner wave equation inversion,wavelet analysis and artificial neural networks were used to obtain stratum parameters and the distribution of thin coal seams.The lithology of the water-bearing/resisting layer in th...Non-liner wave equation inversion,wavelet analysis and artificial neural networks were used to obtain stratum parameters and the distribution of thin coal seams.The lithology of the water-bearing/resisting layer in the Quaternary system was also predicted.The implementation process included calculating the well log parameters,stratum contrasting the seismic data and the well logs,and extracting,studying and predicting seismic attributes.Seismic inversion parameters,including the layer velocity and wave impedance,were calculated and effectively used for prediction and analysis.Prior knowledge and seismic interpretation were used to remedy a dearth of seismic data during the inversion procedure.This enhanced the stability of the inversion method.Non-linear seismic inversion and artificial neural networks were used to interpret coal seismic lithology and to study the water-bearing/resisting layer in the Quaternary system.Interpretation of the 1~2 m thin coal seams,and also of the water-bearing/resisting layer in the Quaternary system,is provided.The upper mining limit can be lifted from 60 m to 45 m.The predictions show that this method can provide reliable data useful for thin coal seam exploitation and for lifting the upper mining limit,which is one of the principles of green mining.展开更多
In order to improve the fine structure inversion ability of igneous rocks for the exploration of underlying strata, based on particle swarm optimization(PSO), we have developed a method for seismic wave impedance inve...In order to improve the fine structure inversion ability of igneous rocks for the exploration of underlying strata, based on particle swarm optimization(PSO), we have developed a method for seismic wave impedance inversion. Through numerical simulation, we tested the effects of different algorithm parameters and different model parameterization methods on PSO wave impedance inversion, and analyzed the characteristics of PSO method. Under the conclusions drawn from numerical simulation, we propose the scheme of combining a cross-moving strategy based on a divided block model and high-frequency filtering technology for PSO inversion. By analyzing the inversion results of a wedge model of a pitchout coal seam and a coal coking model with igneous rock intrusion, we discuss the vertical and horizontal resolution, stability and reliability of PSO inversion. Based on the actual seismic and logging data from an igneous area, by taking a seismic profile through wells as an example, we discuss the characteristics of three inversion methods, including model-based wave impedance inversion, multi-attribute seismic inversion based on probabilistic neural network(PNN) and wave impedance inversion based on PSO.And we draw the conclusion that the inversion based on PSO method has a better result for this igneous area.展开更多
Technological development, particularly the development of signal processing, has contributed to the improvement of the quality of results in the analysis of the characteristics of hydrocarbon reservoirs. This scienti...Technological development, particularly the development of signal processing, has contributed to the improvement of the quality of results in the analysis of the characteristics of hydrocarbon reservoirs. This scientific advance is especially marked by the introduction of seismic attributes in the characterization of reservoirs. This paper is aimed at evaluating the contribution of seismic attributes in the lithological characterization of hydrocarbon accumulation zones. Thus, it has been found that instantaneous attributes make it possible to highlight the different properties of reservoir rocks. Techniques for extracting three-dimensional volume attributes have been applied to a 3D seismic data volume of the F3 block in the Dutch sector of the North Sea. The purpose of using these volume attributes is to extract signal characteristics from lithofacies in hydrocarbon zones. The results provide a remarkable contribution to instantaneous seismic attributes in reservoir location, hydrocarbon detection, and reservoir lithological prediction. The instantaneous amplitude, the derivative of amplitude 1, the factor Q, the energy and the Hilbert transform are attributes which highlight the presence of hydrocarbons through the bright spots. Thus, curvature, similarity, dip, and coherence are useful in the determination of traps such as faults and anticlines. The crossing of the instantaneous amplitude and the instantaneous frequency makes it possible to analyze the lithofacies. In the same way, the analysis of the crossed diagrams between the porosity and the instantaneous amplitude made it possible to define the different layers of the reservoir.展开更多
基金The Innovation and Enhancing School Project of Guangdong Ocean University under contract No.230419096the Joint Research on Exploration and Development Technology of Natural Gas Hydrate under contract No.2018YFE0208200+2 种基金the Teaching Team Project of Guangdong Ocean University under contract No.570220033the National Natural Science Fundation of China under contract Nos 42004103 and 41306050the Fund of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhanjiang)under contract No.ZJW-2019-08。
文摘The methane bubble plume attracts interest because it offers direct evidence of seafloor gas leakage and plays an indirect role in the exploration and identification of natural gas hydrate.In this study,based on established plume models and their migration sections,three amplitude-class attributes were extracted from three formations for the migration sections of five plumes,and the correlation between the gas content and seismic attribute was obtained.As the gas content increases,the amplitude attribute correspondingly increases,and the linear correlation is relatively good.Moreover,correlation coefficients between gas content and amplitude attributes are close to 1.0.By using linear fitting,the relation model between the gas content of the plume and the seismic attribute was obtained.The relation model was subsequently used to invert the gas content from a real databearing plume.Comparison of the gas content section of the plume with the attribute section and real seismic section reveals common distribution characteristics,namely,the color of the section in the lower right corner is dark.If the amplitude value is large in the seismic section of the real plume,the amplitude attribute value is also large in the corresponding attribute section,and the inverted value of the gas content is also large(because gas content and amplitude are linearly correlated),which indicates that the plume bubbles of the section in the lower right corner is intensively distributed.Finally,the obtained gas content section of the plume can reflect the distribution of the plume bubble content more simply and intuitively,from which the distribution law of seafloor bubbles can be deduced,and this lays a foundation for the further estimation of the gas content of the plume and hydrate reserves.
文摘The objective of this work is to implement a pseudo-forward equation which is called PFE to transform data (similarity attribute) to model parameters (porosity) in a gas reservoir in the F3 block of North Sea. This equation which is an experimental model has unknown constants in its structure; hence, a least square solution is applied to find the best constants. The results derived from solved equa- tions show that the errors on measured data are mapped into the errors of estimated constants; hence, Tikhonov regularization is used to improve the estimated parameters. The results are compared with a conventional method such as cross plotting between acoustic impedance and porosity values to validate the PFE model. When the testing dataset in sand units was used, the correlation coefficient between two variables (actual and predicted values) was obtained as 0.720 and 0.476 for PFE model and cross-plotting analysis, respectively. Therefore, the testing dataset validates rela- tively well the PFE optimized by Tikhonov regularization in sand units of a gas reservoir. The obtained results indi- cate that PFE could provide initial information about sandstone reservoirs. It could estimate reservoir porosity distribution approximately and it highlights bright spots and fault structures such as gas chimneys and salt edges.
基金co-supported by the National Basic Resarch Program of China (Grant No.2011CB201103)the National Scince and Technology Major Project (Grant No.2011ZX05004003)
文摘The carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin are characterized by anisotropy and strong heterogeneity.Combined with an integrated analysis of data from seismic,geology,and drilling results,a series of attributes which are suitable for fractured and caved carbonate reservoir prediction is discussed,including amplitude,coherence analysis,spectra decomposition,seismic absorption attenuation analysis and impedance inversion.Moreover,3-D optimization of these attributes is achieved by integration of multivariate discriminant analysis and principle component analysis,where the logging data are taken as training samples.Using the optimized results,the spatial distribution and configuration features of the caved reservoirs can be characterized in detail.This technique not only improves the understanding of the spatial distribution of current reservoirs but also provides a significant basis for the discovery and production of carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin.
基金This study work is supported by the Directly Managed Scientifi c Research Project of Huainan Mining(Group)Co.Ltd.(No.HNKYJTJS(2018)181),the Major Project of Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Industry Group Co.Ltd.(No.2018SMHKJ-A-J-03),China Energy Investment Corporation 2030 Pilot Project(No.GJNY2030XDXM-19-03.2),State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing).I also would like to thank the editorial department and the review experts for their valuable comments and suggestions,and thank the Compagnie Générale de Géophysique(CGG)for the Jason software support.
文摘Small structures in coal mine working face is one of the main hidden dangers of safe and effi cient production in coal mine.Currently,seismic exploration is often used as the main method for detecting such structures.However,limited by the accuracy of seismic data processing and interpretation,the interpreted location of small structures is often deviated.Ground-penetrating radar(GPR)can detect small structures accurately,but the exploration depth is shallow.The combination of the two methods can improve the exploration accuracy of small structures in coal mine.Aiming at the 1226#working face of Shuguang coal mine,we propose a method of seismic-attributes based small-structure prediction error correction using GPR data.First,we extract the coherence,curvature,and dip attributes from seismic data,that are sensitive to small structures,then by considering factors such as the eff ective detection range of GPR and detection environment,we select two structures from the prediction results of seismic attributes for GPR detection.Finally,based on the relationship between the positions of small structures predicted by the two methods,we use statistical methods to determine the overall off set distance and azimuth of the small structures in the entire study area and use the results as a standard for correcting each structure position.The results show that the GPR data can be used to correct the horizontal position errors of small structures predicted by seismic attribute analysis.The accuracy of the prediction results is greatly improved,with the error controlled within 5 m and reduced by more than 80%.Therefore,the feasibility of the method proposed in this study is verified.
基金This research is supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20B2016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41874167)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41904130).
文摘To improve the accuracy of inversion results,geological facies distributions are considered as additional constraints in the inversion process.However,the geological facies itself also has its own uncertainty.In this paper,the initial sedimentary facies maps are obtained by integrated geological analysis from well data,seismic attributes,and deterministic inversion results.Then the fi rst iteration of facies-constrained seismic inversion is performed.According to that result and other data such as geological information,the facies distribution can be updated using cluster analysis.The next round of facies-constrained inversion can then be performed.This process will be repeated until the facies inconsistency or error before and after the inversion is minimized.It forms a new iterative facies-constrained seismic inversion technique.Compared with conventional facies-constrained seismic inversion,the proposed method not only can reduces the non-uniqueness of seismic inversion results but also can improves its resolution.As a consequence,the sedimentary facies will be more consistent with the geology.A practical application demonstrated that the superposition relationship of sand bodies could be better delineated based on this new seismic inversion technique.The result highly increases the understanding of reservoir connectivity and its accuracy,which can be used to guide further development.
基金supported by China Important National Science & Technology Specific Projects (No.2011ZX05019-008)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40839901)
文摘The main problems in seismic attribute technology are the redundancy of data and the uncertainty of attributes, and these problems become much more serious in multi-wave seismic exploration. Data redundancy will increase the burden on interpreters, occupy large computer memory, take much more computing time, conceal the effective information, and especially cause the "curse of dimension". Uncertainty of attributes will reduce the accuracy of rebuilding the relationship between attributes and geological significance. In order to solve these problems, we study methods of principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA) for attribute optimization and support vector machine (SVM) for reservoir prediction. We propose a flow chart of multi-wave seismic attribute process and further apply it to multi-wave seismic reservoir prediction. The processing results of real seismic data demonstrate that reservoir prediction based on combination of PP- and PS-wave attributes, compared with that based on traditional PP-wave attributes, can improve the prediction accuracy.
文摘Mediterranean Sea considered as a main hydrocarbon province in Egypt as a huge reservoirs have been discovered till now. Port Fouad marine is a gas and condensate field located in Eastern Mediterranean Sea about 30 KM off Egyptian coast, in a water depth of about 30 m. The Concession is operated by PETROBEL on behalf of Petrosaid (Port Said Petroleum Company). The field was put on production on April 1996, from the Miocene turbidities sands of Wakar Formation plus Pilocene Kafr EL Sheikh Formation. Darfeel field is located within Port Fouad Concession, seven wells have been drilled till now and producing from Pliocene section (Kafr El Sheikh Formation). Pliocene is the main reservoir in Darfeel field which characterized by turbidities sand stone. The aim of this work is to identify the distribution of turbidities sand and characterize sand reservoirs using AVO (amplitude verses offset) and seismic attributes techniques. The workflow is starting from conventional seismic interpretation, maps (time, depth, and amplitude), depositional environments, and finally structure setting. In addition to use some of unconventional seismic interpretation such as seismic attributes. AVO analysis and attributes had been applied in a temp of differentiate between gas sand reservoirs and non-gas reservoirs. The final result aid to identify the reservoir distribution and characterization of sand reservoirs through the field. So, the use of different seismic techniques is powerful techniques in identifying reservoir distribution.
文摘Petrophysical properties have played an important and definitive role in the study of oil and gas reservoirs,necessitating that diverse kinds of information are used to infer these properties.In this study,the seismic data related to the Hendijan oil field were utilised,along with the available logs of 7 wells of this field,in order to use the extracted relationships between seismic attributes and the values of the shale volume in the wells to estimate the shale volume in wells intervals.After the overall survey of data,a seismic line was selected and seismic inversion methods(model-based,band limited and sparse spike inversion)were applied to it.Amongst all of these techniques,the model-based method presented the better results.By using seismic attributes and artificial neural networks,the shale volume was then estimated using three types of neural networks,namely the probabilistic neural network(PNN),multi-layer feed-forward network(MLFN)and radial basic function network(RBFN).
文摘Dynamic models of the seismic,geological,and flow characteristics of a reservoir are the main tool used to evaluate the potential of drilling new infill wells.Static geological models are mainly based on borehole data combined with dynamic analyses of production dynamics.They are used to determine the redevelopment of and adjustments to new drilling locations;however,such models rarely incorporate seismic data.Consequently,it is difficult to control the changes in geological models between wells,which results in the configuration of well positions and predicted results being less than ideal.To improve the development of adjusted areas in terms of their remaining oil contents,we developed a new integrated analysis that combines static sediment modelling,including microfacies analysis(among other reservoir and seismic properties),with production behaviours.Here,we illustrate this new process by(1)establishing favourable areas for static geological analysis;(2)studying well recompletion potential and the condition of non-producing wells;(3)conducting interwell analyses with seismic and sedimentary data;(4)identifying potential sites constrained by seismic and geological studies,as well as initial oilfield production;(5)providing suggestions in a new well development plan.
文摘Fractured reservoirs have always been a big favorable area for oil and gas reservoirs,so prediction of fractures is also a research hotspot in recent years.Due to the diversity of fracture development and the unclear development mechanism,fracture prediction has always been a major problem.Simple numerical simulation In this paper,seismic attribute is combined with numerical simulation,logging data and actual seismic profile are used as constraints,inversion impedance value and coherent attribute are combined,and finally a property model more in line with the actual geological conditions is established.The wave equation calculation and migration processing were used to obtain the numerical simulation profile,and the actual seismic profile,fracture detection profile and numerical simulation profile were combined for analysis:①The numerical simulation section under this modeling method can greatly correspond to the actual seismic section,and the reflected results can better reflect the changes of response characteristics.②The reliability and applicability of the fracture detection technology can be determined by comparing the forward simulation profile with the fracture detection profile.
文摘Seismic attribute analysis approach has been applied for the interpretation and identification of fault geometry of Zamzama Gas Field. Zamzama gas field area, which lies in the vicinity of Kirthar fold and thrust belt, Southern Indus Basin of Pakistan. The Zamzama fault and its related structure have been predicted by applying the Average Energy Attribute, Instantaneous Frequency Attribute, relative Acoustic Impedance Attribute and Chaotic Reflection Attribute on the seismic line GHPK98 A.34. The results have been confirmed by applying the spectral decomposition attribute on the same seismic line that reveal the geometric configuration of Zamzama structure. The fault is reverse and started from 0 s and ended at the depth of 2.5 s on the vertical seismic section. Hanging wall moves up along the fault plane under the action of eastward oriented stress, which formed a large northesouth oriented and eastward verging thrusted anticline.
文摘Nile Delta which covers approximately 60,000 square kilometers represents the most important gas province in Egypt whereas its fields provide two-thirds of the gas production in Egypt. The Nile Delta province begins to display its hydrocarbon potentiality in the early 1960s. Nidoco field is located in the shallow water offshore Nile delta. Abu Madi formation (Messinian age) is the most important formation through all the section where it represents the main gas producing reservoirs in the Field. The production of the field is coming from two sand reservoir levels;Abu Madi level 2&3 which are characterized by fluvial-deltaic sandstones. The purpose of this paper is to perceive the Messinian gas bearing reservoirs and channelized sand distribution inside Abu Madi formation using seismic attributes and amplitude versus offset (AVO) technique. The results indicated that the seismic attributes and AVO aided to give a complete picture about the Messinian reservoirs distribution and characterization in the field. Also the results show that there are still promising locations of prospective Abu Madi Level 2&3 which are proposed to be drilled in the field.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41306050)the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province of China(No.2014A010103030)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province under contract(No.2015A030313617)the National Marine Important Charity Special Foundation of China(No.201305019)
文摘To study the bubble plume's seismic response characteristics,the model of a plume water body has been built in this article using the bubble-contained medium acoustic velocity model and the stochastic medium theory based on an analysis of both the acoustic characteristics of a bubble-contained water body and the actual features of a plume.The finite difference method is used for forward modelling,and the single-shot seismic record exhibits the characteristics of a scattered wave field generated by a plume.A meaningful conclusion is obtained by extracting seismic attributes from the pre-stack shot gather record of a plume.The values of the amplitude-related seismic attributes increase greatly as the bubble content goes up,and changes in bubble radius will not cause seismic attributes to change,which is primarily observed because the bubble content has a strong impact on the plume's acoustic velocity,while the bubble radius has a weak impact on the acoustic velocity.The above conclusion provides a theoretical reference for identifying hydrate plumes using seismic methods and contributes to further study on hydrate decomposition and migration,as well as on distribution of the methane bubble in seawater.
基金supported by National Key Basic Research Development Program (Grant No. 2007CB209600)National Major Science and Technology Program (Grant No. 2008ZX05010-002)
基金part of an ongoing project of the National Important Industry Technological Development Project (High Precision 3D Seismic Technology of Coal Resources of Western China)the financial support from the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2009CB 219603)the National Key Scientific and Technological Project of China (No.2008ZX05035-005-003HZ)
文摘With the objective of establishing the necessary conditions for 3D seismic data from mountainous areas in western China, we compared the application results of wave impedance technology in the lithology and exploration of coal fields. First, we introduce principles and features of three kinds of inversion methods. i.e., Model-Based Inversion, Constrained Sparse Spike Inversion (CSSI) and Geology-Seismic Feature Inversion. Secondly, these inversion methods are contrasted in their application to 3D seismic data from some coalfields in western China. The main information provided by the research includes: improving the vertical resolution of coal deposit strata, inferring lateral variation of the lithology and predicting coal seams and their roof lithology. Finally, the comparison between the three methods shows that the model-based inversion has the higher resolution, while CSSI inversion has better waveform continuity. The geology-seismic feature inversion requires information from a large number of wells and many types of logging curves of good quality. All three methods can meet the requirements of seismic exploration for lithological exploration in coal fields.
基金Projects 40574057 and 40874054 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects 2007CB209400 by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaFoundation of China University of Mining and Technology (OF4471)
文摘Non-liner wave equation inversion,wavelet analysis and artificial neural networks were used to obtain stratum parameters and the distribution of thin coal seams.The lithology of the water-bearing/resisting layer in the Quaternary system was also predicted.The implementation process included calculating the well log parameters,stratum contrasting the seismic data and the well logs,and extracting,studying and predicting seismic attributes.Seismic inversion parameters,including the layer velocity and wave impedance,were calculated and effectively used for prediction and analysis.Prior knowledge and seismic interpretation were used to remedy a dearth of seismic data during the inversion procedure.This enhanced the stability of the inversion method.Non-linear seismic inversion and artificial neural networks were used to interpret coal seismic lithology and to study the water-bearing/resisting layer in the Quaternary system.Interpretation of the 1~2 m thin coal seams,and also of the water-bearing/resisting layer in the Quaternary system,is provided.The upper mining limit can be lifted from 60 m to 45 m.The predictions show that this method can provide reliable data useful for thin coal seam exploitation and for lifting the upper mining limit,which is one of the principles of green mining.
基金provided by the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2011ZX05004-004)China National Petroleum Corporation Key Projects(No.2014E2105)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘In order to improve the fine structure inversion ability of igneous rocks for the exploration of underlying strata, based on particle swarm optimization(PSO), we have developed a method for seismic wave impedance inversion. Through numerical simulation, we tested the effects of different algorithm parameters and different model parameterization methods on PSO wave impedance inversion, and analyzed the characteristics of PSO method. Under the conclusions drawn from numerical simulation, we propose the scheme of combining a cross-moving strategy based on a divided block model and high-frequency filtering technology for PSO inversion. By analyzing the inversion results of a wedge model of a pitchout coal seam and a coal coking model with igneous rock intrusion, we discuss the vertical and horizontal resolution, stability and reliability of PSO inversion. Based on the actual seismic and logging data from an igneous area, by taking a seismic profile through wells as an example, we discuss the characteristics of three inversion methods, including model-based wave impedance inversion, multi-attribute seismic inversion based on probabilistic neural network(PNN) and wave impedance inversion based on PSO.And we draw the conclusion that the inversion based on PSO method has a better result for this igneous area.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB219603, 2010CB226800) the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40874071, 40672104)
文摘Technological development, particularly the development of signal processing, has contributed to the improvement of the quality of results in the analysis of the characteristics of hydrocarbon reservoirs. This scientific advance is especially marked by the introduction of seismic attributes in the characterization of reservoirs. This paper is aimed at evaluating the contribution of seismic attributes in the lithological characterization of hydrocarbon accumulation zones. Thus, it has been found that instantaneous attributes make it possible to highlight the different properties of reservoir rocks. Techniques for extracting three-dimensional volume attributes have been applied to a 3D seismic data volume of the F3 block in the Dutch sector of the North Sea. The purpose of using these volume attributes is to extract signal characteristics from lithofacies in hydrocarbon zones. The results provide a remarkable contribution to instantaneous seismic attributes in reservoir location, hydrocarbon detection, and reservoir lithological prediction. The instantaneous amplitude, the derivative of amplitude 1, the factor Q, the energy and the Hilbert transform are attributes which highlight the presence of hydrocarbons through the bright spots. Thus, curvature, similarity, dip, and coherence are useful in the determination of traps such as faults and anticlines. The crossing of the instantaneous amplitude and the instantaneous frequency makes it possible to analyze the lithofacies. In the same way, the analysis of the crossed diagrams between the porosity and the instantaneous amplitude made it possible to define the different layers of the reservoir.