High-intensity earthquakes can cause severe damage to bridges,buildings,and ground surfaces,as well as disrupt human activities.Such earthquakes can create long-distance,high-intensity surface movements that negativel...High-intensity earthquakes can cause severe damage to bridges,buildings,and ground surfaces,as well as disrupt human activities.Such earthquakes can create long-distance,high-intensity surface movements that negatively impact bridge structures.This article delves into the seismic reduction and isolation design strategies for bridges in high-intensity earthquake areas.It analyzes various seismic reduction and isolation technologies and provides case studies to help relevant units understand the design strategies of these technologies.The results of this article can be used as a guideline to effectively enhance the seismic performance of bridges in high-intensity earthquake areas.展开更多
China is a country where 100% of the territory is located in a seismic zone. Most of the strong earthquakes are over prediction. Most fatalities are caused by structural collapse. Earthquakes not only cause severe dam...China is a country where 100% of the territory is located in a seismic zone. Most of the strong earthquakes are over prediction. Most fatalities are caused by structural collapse. Earthquakes not only cause severe damage to structures, but can also damage non-structural elements on and inside of facilities. This can halt city life, and disrupt hospitals, airports, bridges, power plants, and other infrastructure. Designers need to use new techniques to protect structures and facilities inside. Isolation, energy dissipation and, control systems are more and more widely used in recent years in China. Currently, there are nearly 6,500 structures with isolation and about 3,000 structures with passive energy dissipation or hybrid control in China. The mitigation techniques are applied to structures like residential buildings, large or complex structures, bridges, underwater tunnels, historical or cultural relic sites, and industrial facilities, and are used for retrofitting of existed structures. This paper introduces design rules and some new and innovative devices for seismic isolation, energy dissipation and hybrid control for civil and industrial structures. This paper also discusses the development trends for seismic resistance, seismic isolation, passive and active control techniques for the future in China and in the world.展开更多
In this paper, the configuration and working mechanism of the recently developed double spherical seismic isolation （DSSI） bearing are introduced in detail. Then, vertical displacement of the DSSI bearing due to sli...In this paper, the configuration and working mechanism of the recently developed double spherical seismic isolation （DSSI） bearing are introduced in detail. Then, vertical displacement of the DSSI bearing due to sliding on a spherical surface is analyzed. The results from seismic performance testing of the bearing are given, and a numerical analysis of a four span continuous girder bridge is performed. The numerical analysis compares the influence of three different bearing arrangement schemes on the structural seismic response, and the results show that the DSSI bearing is effective in increasing the vertical load bearing capacity, reducing the vertical displacement, and controlling the energy dissipation capacity within a certain range.展开更多
At present,earthquakes are a serious problem for building.Severe damages and collapses of buildings were caused by earthquakes in different degrees.It is reported that there are more than 68,858 deaths and hundreds of...At present,earthquakes are a serious problem for building.Severe damages and collapses of buildings were caused by earthquakes in different degrees.It is reported that there are more than 68,858 deaths and hundreds of billions RMB losses in the May 12,2008 Great Wenchuan Earthquake[16].So,more attention should be paid to seismic technology.In order to face the challenges of earthquake on building,the seismic retrofitting was put forward,which“is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity,ground motion,or soil failure due to earthquakes”[2].展开更多
The concepts of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures emerged in the early 1970s.In China,the first seismic isolation structure was finished in 1993,and the first energy dissipation structure was built a...The concepts of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures emerged in the early 1970s.In China,the first seismic isolation structure was finished in 1993,and the first energy dissipation structure was built at about the same time.Up to 2007,China had more than 600 seismic isolation and about 100 energy dissipation building structures.In 2008,the huge Wenchuan earthquake hit the southwest of China,which triggered a bloom of new seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures.This paper presents the development history and representative applications of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures in China,reviews the state-of-the-practice of Chinese design,and discusses the challenges in the future applications.Major findings are as follows:Basic design procedures are becoming standardized after more than ten years of experiences,which mainly involve determination of design earthquake forces,selection of ground motions,modeling and time-history analyses,and performance criteria.Nonlinear time-history analyses using multiple ground motions are the characteristic of the design of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures.Regulations,standardization and quality control of devices,balance between performance and cost,comparison with real responses,and regular inspection are identified as the issues that should be improved to further promote the application of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures in China.展开更多
The recent developments of theoretical research, model tests and engineering applications of structural control in China's Mainland are reviewed in this paper. It includes seismic isolation, passive energy dissipa...The recent developments of theoretical research, model tests and engineering applications of structural control in China's Mainland are reviewed in this paper. It includes seismic isolation, passive energy dissipation, active and semi-active control, smart materials and smart structural systems. It can be seen that passive control methods, such as seismic isolation and energy dissipation methods, have developed into the mature stage in China. At the same time, great progress has been made in active and semi-active control, and smart actuators or smart dampers and smart structural systems. Finally, some future research initiatives for structural control in civil engineering are suggested. Keywords state-of-the-art review - structural control - seismic isolation - passive energy dissipation - active and semi-active control - smart material and smart structure Supported by : National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50025821)展开更多
第12届美国地震工程会议于2022年6月27日~7月1日在盐湖城市举办,会议主题为“重新构想风险与韧性”(Reimaging Risk and Resilience),集中体现过去4年各国学者在地震工程领域的最新研究成果。在抗震设计理念从“延性”到“韧性”的转变...第12届美国地震工程会议于2022年6月27日~7月1日在盐湖城市举办,会议主题为“重新构想风险与韧性”(Reimaging Risk and Resilience),集中体现过去4年各国学者在地震工程领域的最新研究成果。在抗震设计理念从“延性”到“韧性”的转变中,消能减震技术对结构抗震韧性提升方法与策略成为研究热点。本文细化“韧性”提升路线,从可更换损伤元、自复位阻尼器和抗震韧性减震结构三个层面梳理消能减震技术研究进展;洞察消能减震技术发展趋势——韧性减震装置,从“韧性”视角重新审视现有减震装置研究关键与难点;展望消能减震技术在结构抗震韧性提升方法与策略中的研究方向。展开更多
在前期对凸轮式响应放大摩擦阻尼器(cam type response amplification device with friction damper,CRAD-FD)研究的基础上,对安装该阻尼器的单自由度体系建立了能量方程,推导了简谐荷载作用下CRAD-FD单圈滞回的能量解析解;基于消能减...在前期对凸轮式响应放大摩擦阻尼器(cam type response amplification device with friction damper,CRAD-FD)研究的基础上,对安装该阻尼器的单自由度体系建立了能量方程,推导了简谐荷载作用下CRAD-FD单圈滞回的能量解析解;基于消能减震结构标准能量设计反应谱,提出了CRAD-FD基于性态目标的能量设计方法;以某10层RC框架结构为例,在设防、罕遇、极罕遇地震作用下验证了该方法的可靠性。研究表明:所推导的CRAD-FD的能量解析解正确,所提出的基于性态目标的能量设计方法可靠;消能减震结构通过CRAD串联小吨位摩擦阻尼器的减震与耗能效果可与直接安装大吨位阻尼器的效果相差无几或更优,体现了CRAD的响应放大效应。展开更多
文摘High-intensity earthquakes can cause severe damage to bridges,buildings,and ground surfaces,as well as disrupt human activities.Such earthquakes can create long-distance,high-intensity surface movements that negatively impact bridge structures.This article delves into the seismic reduction and isolation design strategies for bridges in high-intensity earthquake areas.It analyzes various seismic reduction and isolation technologies and provides case studies to help relevant units understand the design strategies of these technologies.The results of this article can be used as a guideline to effectively enhance the seismic performance of bridges in high-intensity earthquake areas.
文摘China is a country where 100% of the territory is located in a seismic zone. Most of the strong earthquakes are over prediction. Most fatalities are caused by structural collapse. Earthquakes not only cause severe damage to structures, but can also damage non-structural elements on and inside of facilities. This can halt city life, and disrupt hospitals, airports, bridges, power plants, and other infrastructure. Designers need to use new techniques to protect structures and facilities inside. Isolation, energy dissipation and, control systems are more and more widely used in recent years in China. Currently, there are nearly 6,500 structures with isolation and about 3,000 structures with passive energy dissipation or hybrid control in China. The mitigation techniques are applied to structures like residential buildings, large or complex structures, bridges, underwater tunnels, historical or cultural relic sites, and industrial facilities, and are used for retrofitting of existed structures. This paper introduces design rules and some new and innovative devices for seismic isolation, energy dissipation and hybrid control for civil and industrial structures. This paper also discusses the development trends for seismic resistance, seismic isolation, passive and active control techniques for the future in China and in the world.
基金Supported by:National Nature Science Foundation of China Under Grant No.50708074
文摘In this paper, the configuration and working mechanism of the recently developed double spherical seismic isolation （DSSI） bearing are introduced in detail. Then, vertical displacement of the DSSI bearing due to sliding on a spherical surface is analyzed. The results from seismic performance testing of the bearing are given, and a numerical analysis of a four span continuous girder bridge is performed. The numerical analysis compares the influence of three different bearing arrangement schemes on the structural seismic response, and the results show that the DSSI bearing is effective in increasing the vertical load bearing capacity, reducing the vertical displacement, and controlling the energy dissipation capacity within a certain range.
文摘At present,earthquakes are a serious problem for building.Severe damages and collapses of buildings were caused by earthquakes in different degrees.It is reported that there are more than 68,858 deaths and hundreds of billions RMB losses in the May 12,2008 Great Wenchuan Earthquake[16].So,more attention should be paid to seismic technology.In order to face the challenges of earthquake on building,the seismic retrofitting was put forward,which“is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity,ground motion,or soil failure due to earthquakes”[2].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51178250)the Tsinghua University (Grant No.2010z01001)
文摘The concepts of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures emerged in the early 1970s.In China,the first seismic isolation structure was finished in 1993,and the first energy dissipation structure was built at about the same time.Up to 2007,China had more than 600 seismic isolation and about 100 energy dissipation building structures.In 2008,the huge Wenchuan earthquake hit the southwest of China,which triggered a bloom of new seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures.This paper presents the development history and representative applications of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures in China,reviews the state-of-the-practice of Chinese design,and discusses the challenges in the future applications.Major findings are as follows:Basic design procedures are becoming standardized after more than ten years of experiences,which mainly involve determination of design earthquake forces,selection of ground motions,modeling and time-history analyses,and performance criteria.Nonlinear time-history analyses using multiple ground motions are the characteristic of the design of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures.Regulations,standardization and quality control of devices,balance between performance and cost,comparison with real responses,and regular inspection are identified as the issues that should be improved to further promote the application of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures in China.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No.50025821
文摘The recent developments of theoretical research, model tests and engineering applications of structural control in China's Mainland are reviewed in this paper. It includes seismic isolation, passive energy dissipation, active and semi-active control, smart materials and smart structural systems. It can be seen that passive control methods, such as seismic isolation and energy dissipation methods, have developed into the mature stage in China. At the same time, great progress has been made in active and semi-active control, and smart actuators or smart dampers and smart structural systems. Finally, some future research initiatives for structural control in civil engineering are suggested. Keywords state-of-the-art review - structural control - seismic isolation - passive energy dissipation - active and semi-active control - smart material and smart structure Supported by : National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50025821)
文摘第12届美国地震工程会议于2022年6月27日~7月1日在盐湖城市举办,会议主题为“重新构想风险与韧性”(Reimaging Risk and Resilience),集中体现过去4年各国学者在地震工程领域的最新研究成果。在抗震设计理念从“延性”到“韧性”的转变中,消能减震技术对结构抗震韧性提升方法与策略成为研究热点。本文细化“韧性”提升路线,从可更换损伤元、自复位阻尼器和抗震韧性减震结构三个层面梳理消能减震技术研究进展;洞察消能减震技术发展趋势——韧性减震装置,从“韧性”视角重新审视现有减震装置研究关键与难点;展望消能减震技术在结构抗震韧性提升方法与策略中的研究方向。
文摘在前期对凸轮式响应放大摩擦阻尼器(cam type response amplification device with friction damper,CRAD-FD)研究的基础上,对安装该阻尼器的单自由度体系建立了能量方程,推导了简谐荷载作用下CRAD-FD单圈滞回的能量解析解;基于消能减震结构标准能量设计反应谱,提出了CRAD-FD基于性态目标的能量设计方法;以某10层RC框架结构为例,在设防、罕遇、极罕遇地震作用下验证了该方法的可靠性。研究表明:所推导的CRAD-FD的能量解析解正确,所提出的基于性态目标的能量设计方法可靠;消能减震结构通过CRAD串联小吨位摩擦阻尼器的减震与耗能效果可与直接安装大吨位阻尼器的效果相差无几或更优,体现了CRAD的响应放大效应。
