Pun's Effectiveness and Selectivity in English Advertisements

This paper lays particular emphasis on pun's effectiveness and selectivity in English advertisements.The illustration and examples can help us understand the English advertisements well and foster our ability to appreciate the charm of English.

Selectivity and sublethal effects of some frequently-used biopesticides on the predator Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter(Hemiptera: Miridae)

The green miridbug,Cyrtorhinus lividipennis,is an important predator of the rice brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens.In this study,the selective toxicity of seven commercial biopesticides for C.lividipennis was examined under laboratory conditions; abamectin was the most selective to C.lividipennis,followed by matrine and azadirachtin.Veratridine,rotenone,Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana showed less selectivity for C.lividipennis.Subsequently,matrine,abamectin and azadirachtin were selected for sublethal assessments with respect to C.lividipennis due to their high toxicities to N.lugens.C.lividipennis treated with sublethal concentrations(LC10 and LC20) of the three biopesticides could distinguish volatiles released from healthy and N.lugens-infested plants indicating that the biopesticides tested did not affect the foraging ability of surviving miridbugs.Azadirachtin decreased the consumption capability of C.lividipennis when the densities of N.lugens were 20,30,40 and 50 insects per vial.Sublethal concentration treatment did not impact the pre-oviposition period or egg hatchability of C.lividipennis.However,the fecundity of C.lividipennis exposed to azadirachtin and abamectin increased by 27–41% compared to the untreated individuals.In summary,abamectin or matrine together with C.lividipennis could be considered an effective,sustainable pest management strategy for rice.

Effect of Two Phase Mixtures on the Selection of the Discharge Path

This paper investigates the development,the breakdown process,and the discharge path selection of the lightning discharges in two-phase mixtures(TPMs).13 kinds of solid-gas mixtures and 3 kinds of liquid-gas mixtures are employed to study effect of two phase mixtures on the selection of the discharge path under lightning impulses.Grain size effects are shown upon these experimental results.When the diameter of solid or liquid grains is less than about 10 μm,the discharge path does not select TPM but air.And the discharge path selects TPM when the diameter is greater than about 100 μm.And when the diameter is between about 10 μm and 100 μm,the discharge path selects TPM under negative lightning impulses,but it has a greater selection of air than TPMs under positive lightning impulses.Volume fraction and permittivity of solid/liquid can also influence the selection of the discharge path.

China's Low Export Markups Puzzle: Competition Effect and Selection Effect

Based on China's industrial enterprises-customs matched data, this paper utilizes two-tier stochastic frontier analysis method to estimate and verify the extent to which selection effect and competition effect influence exporting firms' markup. Our findings suggest that the interaction between selection effect and competition effect ultimately causes actual firm markup to be higher than the baseline markup by 7.11%. Exporting firms' actual markup is higher than the baseline markup by different degrees. In terms of the decomposition of selection effect, TFP explains for 28.05% of selection effect, and nonproductivity factors explain for the rest 71.95%. By controlling for the type of firms' export,the export-productivity paradox only exists for processing trade firms, which shows that with increasing trade facilitation, the policy incentives to encourage firms to export are major contributors to the low export markups.

Submicro-battery effect and selective bio-oxidation model of gold-bearing arsenopyrite by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

Through the study by electronic probe it was found that many new cracks and holes appear on the surface of gold bearing arsenopyrite crystal oxidized by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, which are along with some directions. Then the selective bio oxidation model of gold bearing arsenopyrite was set up. The selective bio oxidation resulting from the submicro battery effect of gold/ arsenopyrite mineral pairs naturally forms in the gold bearing arsenopyrite crystal. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans has priority to oxidize the place of gold rich and oxidizes selectedly along with the crystal border, crystal face and crack. The bacteria oxidation process of gold bearing arsenopyrite is divided into three stages: the first stage is the surface oxidation, the second stage is restraining oxidation and the third stage is the filament oxidation, bacteria oxidize along with cracks of arsenopyrite.

基于JABBA-Select模型对不同时间序列渔获量和渔船效应的印度洋长鳍金枪鱼资源评估

为了解印度洋长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)种群动态及资源开发利用状况,采用结合了种群生物学参数和渔业选择性的JABBA-Select模型,分别从渔获量的不同时间序列、单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)标准化过程是否考虑渔船效应两个方面,考察对印度洋长鳍金枪鱼资源量评估结果的影响。结果表明:当模型选取1979-2020年短时间序列渔获量数据时,CPUE的拟合效果更好;而当模型选取长时间序列渔获量数据时,CPUE对数残差较大,拟合效果较差;同时考虑渔船效应的CPUE数据对模型拟合效果表现更佳;2020年印度洋长鳍金枪鱼未发生资源型过度捕捞(B_(SB)/B_(SB),MSY>1),也未发生捕捞型过度捕捞(F/F_(MSY)<1);模型重要参数的敏感性分析显示,种群评估结果对陡度(steepness,h)较稳健,但对自然死亡率(natural mortality,M)较敏感。研究表明,不同时间序列的渔获量对资源评估结果存在较大差异,考虑渔船效应的标准化CPUE可以更好地反映种群资源变动趋势,减少种群评估结果的不确定性。

EFFECT OF ELECTRON DONORS ON THE SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION OF DIENE TO MONOENE OVER HETEROGENIZED Pd CATALYST

In the selective hydrogenation of diene (or alkyne) using heterogenized homogeneous catalyst, the high selectivity of monoene formation only appears in a very short time interval. The addition of suitable electron donors can decrease or even cease the monoene hydrogenation and thereby keep the high monoene selectivity after reaching its maximum.

Automatic Variable Selection for Single-Index Random Effects Models with Longitudinal Data

We consider the problem of variable selection for the single-index random effects models with longitudinal data. An automatic variable selection procedure is developed using smooth-threshold. The proposed method shares some of the desired features of existing variable selection methods: the resulting estimator enjoys the oracle property;the proposed procedure avoids the convex optimization problem and is flexible and easy to implement. Moreover, we use the penalized weighted deviance criterion for a data-driven choice of the tuning parameters. Simulation studies are carried out to assess the performance of our method, and a real dataset is analyzed for further illustration.

Selection Effects of Soil Fertility on the Progenies of Soybean Crosses

The F2, F3, families and F4 lines of six soybean crosses, were selected successively under high-and low - fertility sites with the relection objective of high yield and the method of pedigree was used. Two best F4 - derived lines were chosen from each of the six crosses under both high-and low-fertility for use in this study. In 1995, the total 24 lines were tested in high, medium and low fertility sites with the same experimental design (CRB) to study the selcctoin effects of high and low - fertility. The results suggested that high- and low-fertility had different selection effects. High fertility was more effective for selecting lines, which had higher yield under high-fertility and lower yield under low-fertility; low-fertility was better for selecting lines, which had higher yield under low-fertility and lower yield under low-fertility, and high fertility was somewhat better than low fertility for selecting lines, which had higher yield under both high and low-fertility. It revealed that the lines selected from high-fertility had superior yield potential. The lines selected from high-fertility had shorter plant height, more nodes on main stem, fewer branches, higher seed-stem ratio. The reverse was true for the lines selected from low-fertility . The lodging-resistance of the lines selected from highfertility was greater than that of the lines from low-fertility. The soil fertility level of breeding nursery should be chosen according to the breeding objective.

Immunomodulatory effects of selected Malaysian plants on the CD18/11a expression and phagocytosis activities of leukocytes

Objective:To investigate the effects of 20 methanolic extracts from Malaysian selected plants on CD18/11 a expression and phagocytosis activity of leukocytes using flow cytometry analysis.Methods:The effects of methanolic extracts on CD18/11 a expression and phagocytosis of leukocytes were measured by labelling the cells with CD18-fluorescein isolhiocyanaie and ingestion labelled with Escherichia coli-fluorescein isothiocyanate and then analyzed using flow cytometer.Results:About 12 out of 20 methanolic extracts of selected Malaysian medicinal plants significantly(P≤0.05) inhibited the CD18/1 la expression of leukocytes at both concentrations of 6.25 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL in dose dependent manner.The most active inhibitory was shown in Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.) Swingle and Alpinia galangal(L.) Willd.at dosage 100ug/mL.Moreover,the Orthosiphon aristatus(Blume) Miq(O.aristatus).showed the highest stimulatory activity at the concentration of 100 μg/mL.Other than that,four plant extracts significantly(P<0.05) rose the phagocytosis activities of leukocytes in dose dependent manner.However,Annona muricata L.and O.aristatus showed the highest stimulated activities at the 100 pg/mL concentration.Conclusions:The results suggest that methanolic extracts of Cirrus aurantifolia.Alpinia gaiangal,O.aristatus and Annona muricata are able to modulate innate immune system and can potentially be recognized as therapeutic agents for modulating immune system.

融合动态特征与注意力的敦煌壁画修复模型

敦煌壁画图像含有丰富的纹理和结构信息,在破损壁画修复过程中,容易忽略受损特征信息与完整特征信息之间的区别,从而误导修复过程生成不合理的壁画内容。针对该问题,提出一种融合动态特征选择和像素级通道注意力的壁画修复模型。设计基于U-Net的网络生成器,实现对破损图像的编码与解码操作;采用有效可迁移卷积模块,通过动态选择采样空间位置,实现对有效特征信息的灵活提取,采用区域综合归一化模块减少修复区域与完整区域的期望和方差的偏移,从而加强对有效特征信息的选择和利用;在解码层设计像素级通道注意力模块,在增强有效特征权重的同时使模型可从相隔较远的空间位置学习有效特征。在敦煌壁画数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法能够利用有效信息修复掩膜区域比例不一的不规则破损壁画图像,相比PConv、PRVS、DSNet算法,在峰值信噪比(PSNR)指标上平均提升0.502 d B,在结构相似性(SSIM)指标上平均提升1.384%。

氯酯磺草胺与甲咪唑烟酸复配防除香附子效果及对紫花苜蓿安全性

为明确氯酯磺草胺与甲咪唑烟酸应用于紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)田的可行性,在温室和田间测定了氯酯磺草胺和甲咪唑烟酸复配对香附子(Cyperus rotundus)的防效和紫花苜蓿的安全性。温室试验表明,氯酯磺草胺和甲咪唑烟酸复配对香附子具有很好的防除效果,两者按有效成分用量比1:2~1:4配比对香附子株高和鲜重的共毒系数分别介于131.54~150.46和152.84~180.25,呈明显增效作用,其中1:3的比例配伍的增效最为明显,对紫花苜蓿和香附子之间的株高和鲜重选择性指数分别为1.86和1.56。两地田间试验表明,氯酯磺草胺和甲咪唑烟酸(17.50+52.50)~(25.00+75.00) g·hm^(-2)复配处理对郑州和兰考两地的香附子株防效分别为78.5%~88.5%和82.1%~90.8%、鲜重防效分别为83.4%~92.7%和84.7%~93.6%,增产率分别为28.8%~35.1%和30.5%~38.3%,显著高于氯酯磺草胺和甲咪唑烟酸单用,且避免了单用氯酯磺草胺和甲咪唑烟酸的药害问题,提高了对紫花苜蓿的安全性,表明甲咪唑烟酸和氯酯磺草胺复配可有效防控香附子,对紫花苜蓿的安全性较好,具有良好推广应用前景。

基于医院卫生技术评估的5种二肽基肽酶4抑制剂的临床应用情况

目的通过医院卫生技术评估(HB-HTA)对5种二肽基肽酶4抑制剂(DPP-4i)(西格列汀、维格列汀、沙格列汀、利格列汀和阿格列汀)进行评估,为医疗机构药品的遴选、临床的合理安全使用提供依据。方法通过HB-HTA,依照百分制评分体系,参考药品说明书、临床指南和文献,从安全性、有效性、经济型、创新性、适宜性和可及性等方面分别对5种DPP-4i进行评估。结果西格列汀、维格列汀、沙格列汀、利格列汀和阿格列汀得分分别为85.0、75.0、77.0、80.0、78.5分。评分差异主要在安全性、经济性、适宜性和可及性方面。西格列汀综合得分最高。结论HB-HTA评估DPP-4i结果比较合理,为医院药品遴选、安全合理使用提供依据。

6种除草剂对洋葱幼苗田间杂草防治效果及安全性评价

为探究不同除草剂对洋葱幼苗田杂草的防效以及对洋葱幼苗生长发育的影响,并为除草剂在洋葱育苗田的安全使用提供依据,采用土壤和茎叶喷雾法,测定30%辛酰溴苯腈乳油(EC)、30%烯草酮EC、20%精喹禾灵EC、70%2,4-滴二甲胺盐水剂(AS)这4种苗后除草剂以及55%乙氧·异·甲戊EC和330 g/L二甲戊灵EC这2种土壤封闭除草剂对洋葱幼苗的室内安全性、田间除草效果及对生长的影响。结果表明,6种不同除草剂对洋葱幼苗的室内安全性存在差异,30%辛酰溴苯腈EC、30%烯草酮EC和20%精喹禾灵EC等3种药剂对洋葱幼苗无药害或只有极轻微药害,洋葱叶片和植株生长正常;70%2,4-滴二甲胺盐AS处理产生3级药害;55%乙氧·异·甲戊EC对出苗率影响小,后期幼苗生长健壮;330 g/L二甲戊灵EC对出苗率影响较大,并产生了1~2级的药害。6种不同除草剂对洋葱幼苗田间杂草株防效存在差异,30%辛酰溴苯腈EC药后35 d对灰绿藜和荠等双子叶的鲜重防效均高于90%,50 d对上述双子叶杂草的鲜重防效均高于70%;70%2,4-滴二甲胺盐AS对各类杂草的鲜重防效均较差;30%烯草酮EC和20%精喹禾灵EC对狗尾草、稗、菵草等禾本科杂草鲜重防效好,前者35 d内效果良好,后者更长效;55%乙氧·异·甲戊EC作为苗期封闭能够较好地抑制各类杂草的生长,35 d洋葱幼苗生长矮状,50 d洋葱幼苗生长较CK健壮;330 g/L二甲戊灵EC封闭抑制效果不及55%乙氧·异·甲戊EC,且对洋葱幼苗生长产生抑制,不宜使用。综上,用药量为1125 mL/hm 230%辛酰溴苯腈EC对双子叶杂草防效好,用药量分别为480、255 mL/hm 2的30%烯草酮EC、20%精喹禾灵EC对禾本科杂草防效好,用药量为1650 mL/hm 2的55%乙氧·异·甲戊EC可作为苗期封闭药使用,可起到安全较好的除草效果。

外用糖皮质激素引起的皮肤萎缩及其防治研究进展

皮肤萎缩是外用糖皮质激素最常见的副作用之一。外用糖皮质激素引起皮肤萎缩的机制包括:抑制角质形成细胞增殖、加快其分化成熟、抑制表皮脂质合成、抑制成纤维细胞增殖,减少胶原蛋白和透明质酸钠等细胞外基质合成等。近年来,对其副作用的防治主要集中在研发糖皮质激素受体的选择性调节剂、靶向抑制促萎缩基因及相关的信号通路、联合使用其他核受体的激动剂等方面,本文就其研究进展综述如下。

新型捕收剂KMC756浮选四川某铜矿试验研究

四川某铜矿主要目的元素铜、钼的品位分别为0.73%、0.031%。在不改变四川某铜矿现场主体流程和磨矿参数的条件下,采用新型药剂KMC756为捕收剂开展了选矿条件试验,获得铜钼精矿Cu品位26.995%、Mo品位0.7918%,Cu回收率94.94%、Mo回收率84.80%。与其他浮选药剂进行了对比,该药剂对铜钼具有更好的选择性能,使得铜钼金属得到有效的回收。

商业银行数字化转型如何影响风险承担——基于负债成本与信贷选择机制的分析

对于商业银行数字化转型如何影响其风险承担水平的研究,既有文献多从数字化场景下的信贷市场技术变化与授信模式调整切入,忽视了银行融资市场的影响。区别于此,本文通过商业银行的城市聚类,使用地区数字普惠金融指数作为地区性商业银行数字化转型程度的代理变量,利用城市商业银行2012—2022年面板数据,从“融”与“贷”两个维度分析商业银行数字化转型对风险承担的影响及其作用机制。实证结论表明:商业银行数字化转型显著增加了商业银行风险承担水平,且表现为信用风险(信贷不良率)与经营稳定性风险(收入波动性)的共同上升。机制分析表明,数字化转型的风险积累通过成本冲击效应而实现,信贷选择效应并不显著,说明商业银行数字化转型所形成的风险积累,实际源自“融”而非“贷”。商业银行缺乏通过信贷溢价释放负债成本压力的能力,导致负债成本的增加最终形成风险积累。此结论可为商业银行更为精准地选择风险控制与管理的业务切入口提供启示。

补肾壮骨温经汤配合针刺循经取穴治疗类风湿性膝关节炎的疗效研究

目的观察补肾壮骨温经汤配合针刺循经取穴治疗类风湿性膝关节炎(RG)的疗效。方法选取2020年6月至2022年6月宝鸡市中医医院收治的102例RG患者作为研究对象,按随机数表法分为联合组、对照1组与对照2组各34例。对照1组患者给予常规西药治疗,对照2组患者给予常规西药联合针刺循经取穴治疗,联合组患者则在对照2组基础上予以补肾壮骨温经汤联合治疗。治疗3个月后,比较三组患者的临床疗效及治疗前后的临床证候评分、骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)评分以及血清学指标[类风湿因子(RF)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、抗环状瓜氨酸抗体(CCP)]水平;同时比较三组患者治疗期间的不良反应的发生情况。结果联合组患者的临床治疗总有效率为91.18%,明显高于对照1组的64.71%和对照2组的70.59%,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但对照1组与对照2组患者的治疗总有效率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗3个月后,联合组患者的关节冷痛、屈伸不利、肿胀、头晕耳鸣以及肢体沉重各临床证候评分明显低于对照1组与对照2组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但对照1组与对照2组患者的临床证候评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);联合组患者的WOMAC评分为(38.45±11.48)分,明显低于对照1组的(45.58±12.71)分和对照2组的(44.34±12.06)分,且联合组患者的RF、ESR及CCP水平分别为(86.37±14.74)IU/mL、(32.27±3.38)mm/h、(187.34±19.08)IU/mL,明显低于对照1组的(103.22±16.75)IU/mL、(43.16±5.25)mm/h、(219.58±21.77)IU/mL和对照2组的(98.41±15.28)IU/mL、(41.83±5.19)mm/h、(210.66±19.48)IU/mL,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但对照1组与对照2组患者的WOMAC评分、RF、ESR及CCP水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗期间三组患者的不良反应总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论补肾壮骨温经汤配合针刺循经取穴治疗RG可有效缓解患者的相关临床症状,改善膝关节功能及血清学指标水平,临床疗效确切,具有临床应用价值。

高选择性翼管神经切断术对过敏性鼻炎患者的疗效

目的 探讨高选择性性翼管神经切断术治疗过敏性鼻炎(AR)的效果及相关影响因素。方法 收集2018年1月至2023年3月39例因中重度持续性AR行鼻内镜下高选择性翼管神经切断术患者的临床资料,根据术前及术后6个月、12个月生活质量、主观症状进行疗效评估并分组,即有效组及无效组,分析影响远期手术疗效的因素。结果 39例患者术后6个月、12个月鼻结膜炎生活质量问卷(RQLQ)评分、主观症状视觉模拟评分(VAS)比术前更低(P<0.05)。无效组合并鼻息肉及哮喘患者比有效组高(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,合并鼻息肉及哮喘均为影响AR患者远期手术疗效的危险因素。结论 对AR患者行高选择性翼管神经切断术可获得较满意的疗效,合并鼻息肉及哮喘是影响远期手术疗效的危险因素。

低浓度吡虫啉削弱多异瓢虫对棉花植株挥发物的嗅觉识别功能

【目的】明确低浓度吡虫啉对多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegata成虫嗅觉行为的影响。【方法】采用Y型嗅觉仪测定多异瓢虫成虫在摄入低浓度(LC_(20)和LC_(50))吡虫啉后对健康棉株和棉蚜Aphis gossypii成蚜为害棉株挥发物的行为反应;并通过固相微萃取收集健康棉株和棉蚜成蚜为害棉株的挥发物,以气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析鉴定挥发物成分;进而测试多异瓢虫成虫对棉株挥发物单一组分的选择行为。【结果】未摄入吡虫啉的多异瓢虫成虫对棉蚜成蚜为害的棉株具有显著的正趋性,但对健康棉株和清洁空气均无显著的趋向性;摄入低浓度吡虫啉的多异瓢虫成虫对棉蚜成蚜为害的棉株、健康棉株以及清洁空气均无显著的趋向性。对比健康棉株,从棉蚜成蚜为害棉株的挥发物中鉴定出8种挥发量显著增加的化合物,分别为月桂烯、柠檬烯、1-癸炔、3-蒈烯、(3E)-4,8-二甲基-1,3,7-壬三烯[(3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, DMNT]、β-石竹烯、α-葎草烯、(3E, 7E)-4,8,12三甲基十三碳-1,3,7,11-四烯[(3E, 7E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene, TMTT]。利用Y型嗅觉仪测定多异瓢虫成虫对以上8种物质的嗅觉选择行为发现,未摄入吡虫啉的多异瓢虫成虫对TMTT具有显著的正趋性,对其他7种挥发性化合物无显著趋性,而摄入低浓度吡虫啉的多异瓢虫成虫对8种挥发性化合物均无显著正趋性。在行为选择测试中,低浓度吡虫啉处理后的多异瓢虫成虫对棉株挥发物及单一组分的未选择个体数量均显著多于对照组。【结论】研究结果证实低浓度吡虫啉削弱了多异瓢虫成虫对棉花植株挥发物的嗅觉识别功能,为新疆棉田多异瓢虫的保护利用及棉田农药的合理使用提供科学依据。