Deducing Complete Selection Rule Set for Driver Nodes to Guarantee Network’s Structural Controllability

Structural controllability is critical for operating and controlling large-scale complex networks. In real applications, for a given network, it is always desirable to have more selections for driver nodes which make the network structurally controllable. Different from the works in complex network field where structural controllability is often used to explore the emergence properties of complex networks at a macro level,in this paper, we investigate it for control design purpose at the application level and focus on describing and obtaining the solution space for all selections of driver nodes to guarantee structural controllability. In accord with practical applications,we define the complete selection rule set as the solution space which is composed of a series of selection rules expressed by intuitive algebraic forms. It explicitly indicates which nodes must be controlled and how many nodes need to be controlled in a node set and thus is particularly helpful for freely selecting driver nodes. Based on two algebraic criteria of structural controllability, we separately develop an input-connectivity algorithm and a relevancy algorithm to deduce selection rules for driver nodes. In order to reduce the computational complexity,we propose a pretreatment algorithm to reduce the scale of network's structural matrix efficiently, and a rearrangement algorithm to partition the matrix into several smaller ones. A general procedure is proposed to get the complete selection rule set for driver nodes which guarantee network's structural controllability. Simulation tests with efficiency analysis of the proposed algorithms are given and the result of applying the proposed procedure to some real networks is also shown, and these all indicate the validity of the proposed procedure.

Selection rules for electric multipole transition of triatomic molecule in scattering experiments

In the electron or x-ray scattering experiment,the measured spectra at larger momentum transfer are dominated by the electric dipole-forbidden transitions,while the corresponding selection rules for triatomic molecules have not been clearly elucidated.In this work,based on the molecular point group,the selection rules for the electric multipolarities of the electronic transitions of triatomic molecules are derived and summarized into several tables with the variation of molecular geometry in the transition process being considered.Based on the summarized selection rules,the electron energy loss spectra of H2O,CO2,and N2O are identified,and the momentum transfer dependence behaviors of their valence-shell excitations are explained.

Valley selection rule in a Y-shaped zigzag graphene nanoribbon junction

The valley valve effect was predicted in a straight zigzag graphene nanoribbon （ZGR） p/n junction. In this work, we address a possible valley selection rule in a Y-shaped ZGR junction. By modeling the system as a three-terminal device and calculating the conductance spectrum, we found that the valley valve effect could be preserved in the system and the Y-shaped connection does not mix the valley index or the pseudoparities of quasiparticles. It is also shown that the Y-shaped ZGR device can be used to separate spins in real space according to the unchanged valley valve effect. Our finding might pave a way to manipulate and detect spins in a multi-terminal graphene-based spin device.

Selection rules for electric multipole transition of diatomic molecule in scattering experiments

The knowledge of the energy level structures of atoms and molecules is mainly obtained by spectroscopic experiments. Both photoabsorption and photoemission spectra are subject to the electric dipole selection rules （also known as optical selection rules）. However, the selection rules for atoms and molecules in the scattering experiments are not identical to those in the optical experiments. In this paper, based on the theory of the molecular point group, the selection rules are derived and summarized for the electric monopole, electric dipole, electric quadrupole, and electric octupole transitions of diatomic molecules under the first Born approximation in scattering experiments. Then based on the derived selection rules, the electron scattering spectra and x-ray scattering spectra of H2, N2, and CO at different momentum transfers are explained, and the discrepancies between the previous experimental results measured by different groups are elucidated.

The research on rule of Acupoints and Massage Manipulations selection for Post-ischemic Stroke Constipation based on association rule and entropy clustering analysis

Constipation is a common complication of stroke,and it is increasing year by year,which is worthy of attention.In fact,as an effective treatment for Post-ischemic Stroke Constipation,massage has been recognized by doctors at home and abroad.However,In the known research reports,massage prescriptions are complicated,therefore,a simple and effective massage prescription is urgently needed to effectively guide the clinic and promote it.In this study,we used association rule and entropy clustering analysis methods to mine clinical literature on Post-ischemic Stroke Constipation in 7 databases,and combined with data analysis,traditional chinese massage theory and clinical practice,a core new prescription is summarized.The core new prescription of massage in treating Post-ischemic Stroke Constipation take tonifying spleen,nourishing Qi and generating Body Fluid,promoting Qi,invigorating the circulation of blood and eliminating phlegm as the principle of treatment,which is accord with the pathogenesis of this disease,can better guide the clinical practice and facilitate the popularization and application of massage therapy.

Acupoint selection rules for acupoint application in lung diseases in the post-epidemic era

Objective:To summarize the rules of acupoint selection of acupoint application to prevent and treat lung diseases under the background the post-epidemic era using data-mining technology.Method:The CNKI,Wanfang database,and VIP database were searched for clinical study articles on lung diseases treated by acupoint application published in the past 5 years.Data-eligible papers were extracted to establish a database of acupoint application for lung disease using Microsoft Excel 2019,with the goal of analyzing the frequency of acupoints,acupoint-meridian association,acupoint-location association,specific acupoint frequency,and cluster analysis.Association rules,consisting of acupoints with an application frequency of≥10,were devised by the Apriori algorithm to explore the correlation between acupoint groups and to analyze the rules of the compatibility of acupoint prescriptions.Results:A total of 229 eligible papers met our inclusion criteria.Forty-seven acupoints were applied,for a total frequency of acupoints of 1,035 times.Among these,acupoints for lung diseases were primarily distributed in the back-and-waist and chest-and-abdomen areas.From the analysis of the association rules,we obtained four groups of acupoint association rules based on acupoint clusters with a frequency≥10 and found that Feishu(BL 13),Tiantu(CV 22),Dazhui(GV 14),Dingchuan(EX-B1),and Danzhong(CV 17)constitute the core acupoints of prescriptions for clinical acupoint application to prevent and treat lung diseases.Conclusion:It is clearly shown that the core acupoints are relatively concentrated and that the selected acupoints were mainly locally selected,which could be a matching reference for the long-term prevention and treatment of lung diseases,including COVID-19.

Spin Dependent Selection Rules for Photonic Transitions in Hydrogen-Like Atoms

Spin dependent selection rules for photonic transitions in hydrogen-like atoms is derived by using the solution of Dirac equation for hydrogen-like atoms. It is shown that photonic transitions occur when [ Δj=0,±1,±2, while Δmj=0,±1,±2 ]. By applying the spin dependent selection rules, we can explain the observed (6s→7s) transition in Cesium (Cs) atom.

Selection Rules in Weak Interaction and Conservation of Fermion Quantum Number

Traditionally, in weak interaction, I3, Y and four flavour quantum numbers are not conserved but several empirical selection rules work well. Recently, it was found that, in weak interaction, there are three levels of conservation of additive quantum numbers, and fermion quantum number F is conserved in all kinds of interactions. It is known that weak interaction has three types: fermionic, pure hadronic and pure leptonic, corresponding to the first and the second level of conservation of additive quantum numbers respectively. It is demonstrated in this paper that the selection rules in all types of weak interaction can be interpreted by conservation of F, and the formula of relation between Q/e, F and F0 is more general than Gell-Mann-Nishijima formula. Description of weak interaction becomes simpler, If only we take Q, F0 and F, based on the conserved physical quantities.

针刺治疗银屑病的选穴规律分析

目的:运用数据挖掘技术分析针刺治疗银屑病的选穴规律。方法:采用计算机检索维普数据库、万方数据知识服务平台和Embase数据库自建库至2021年10月30日收录的针刺治疗银屑病的相关文献,利用Microsoft Excel 2019建立数据库,运用数据挖掘技术对穴位进行描述性分析、相关性分析以及年代分析。结果:本研究共纳入文献45篇,共计56个穴位,总频次477次。使用频次前5位的穴位是曲池(46次)、三阴交(37次)、血海(36次)、肺俞(34次)、膈俞(32次);归经多属足太阳膀胱经、足太阴脾经、手阳明大肠经、督脉以及足阳明胃经等,使用频次最多的经脉是足太阳膀胱经;与其他穴位共现频次前5位的穴位为曲池(310次)、三阴交(274次)、血海(255次)、肺俞(225次)、足三里(221次);曲池、血海、三阴交等穴位在纳入文献所在年份中出现次数较多,选择率较高。结论:针刺治疗银屑病对于穴位的选择有一定规律性,可考虑以“曲池、三阴交、血海、肺俞、膈俞、足三里”为主穴制定治疗方案。

针刺治疗坐骨神经痛的选穴原则及作用机制研究进展

坐骨神经痛为一种临床常见的疾病。研究表明针刺可明显缓解患者坐骨神经痛,提高患者生活质量。本研究从临床角度阐述了针刺治疗坐骨神经痛的中医传统理论选穴原则及现代医学理论选穴原则;从动物实验角度总结了坐骨神经痛产生的原因及针刺镇痛的机制。同时,探讨了目前临床及基础研究中存在的不足。以期为针刺治疗坐骨神经痛的客观化研究提供创新性思维,并对针刺治疗坐骨神经痛的基础研究到临床成果转化提供有力支持。

基于数据挖掘技术探究针灸治疗儿童抽动障碍的选穴规律

【目的】采用数据挖掘技术分析针灸治疗儿童抽动障碍的选穴规律。【方法】计算机检索自1992年1月至2022年12月中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang)、维普资讯中文期刊服务平台(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(SinoMed)及PubMed数据库收录的针灸治疗儿童抽动障碍的临床研究文献。通过Excel 2019建立数据库,统计常用治疗方法,并对高频应用方法针刺(高频腧穴、腧穴归经、腧穴关联规则、腧穴聚类)、耳穴压豆(高频耳穴、穴位关联规则)、头穴丛刺高频分区进行分析。【结果】共纳入有效文献190篇,涉及270条针刺处方;其中针刺法腧穴统计184个,应用总频次1906次,高频应用腧穴依次为百会、太冲、风池、合谷、三阴交、内关、神门、足三里、印堂、四神聪;高频经脉为督脉、足阳明胃经、足少阳胆经、手阳明大肠经、足太阳膀胱经、足厥阴肝经;通过SPSS modeler 18.0及IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0软件分析得出3组穴位强关联规则和5个聚类。耳穴压豆穴位29个,应用总频次206次,高频应用耳穴依次为神门、肝、心、皮质下、肾;通过SPSS modeler 18.0软件分析得出4组穴位强关联规则。应用头穴丛刺分区共涉及14区,其中高频分区为顶颞前斜线、顶旁1线、舞蹈震颤控制区。【结论】针刺治疗儿童抽动障碍,以其病机(肝亢、肾亏、脾虚、痰扰等)及抽动部位,进行选穴配伍,多选用阳经经穴,这与风邪的性质及其治病特点相关。儿童抽动障碍与情志障碍息息相关,故针刺、耳穴均重视疏肝、清心之法,调畅情志。头穴丛刺多采用顶颞前斜线、顶旁1线、舞蹈震颤控制区进行抽动障碍的治疗。耳穴压豆与头穴丛刺,对于儿童来说,痛苦小,治法作用时间长,不易出现弯针、断针等危险情况。

基于数据挖掘技术探析针刺治疗围绝经期综合征选穴规律

目的探讨针刺治疗围绝经期综合征的临床选穴规律。方法检索中国知识资源总库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(万方数据)、维普资讯中文期刊服务平台(维普网)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、Embase、PubMed、Cochrane Library、ScienceDirect建库至2023年8月16日收录的针刺治疗围绝经期综合征的临床研究文献,利用Excel2021建立针刺治疗围绝经期综合征处方数据库,对腧穴进行频次统计和分类。运用SPSSModeler18.0和SPSSStatistics26.0软件对核心腧穴进行关联规则分析、聚类分析和决策树分析,探究选穴特点及配伍规律。结果共纳入114篇文献,提取腧穴处方115条,共108个腧穴,腧穴总频次为787。高频腧穴为三阴交、关元、肾俞等,常用经脉为足太阳膀胱经、任脉,特定穴中交会穴、五输穴、背俞穴等使用较多,腧穴多位于下肢部、腹部、背部。针刺手法多为平补平泻法,最常用的电针波形为疏密波,留针时间10~30min。决策树分析以关元为因变量筛选出3条精简选穴路径。分析核心穴组得到14组关联规则和7个有效聚类群。结论针刺治疗围绝经期综合征选穴遵循补肾、调节阴阳的治疗原则,数据挖掘得到的腧穴配伍及核心穴组可为临床和科研提供参考。

针刺治疗非小细胞肺癌有效处方的选穴规律分析

【目的】分析针刺治疗非小细胞肺癌的选穴规律,为临床应用提供参考依据。【方法】检索针刺治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床研究、医家经验和学术思想以获取现代医家治疗非小细胞肺癌的针刺处方,基于穴位频次、组方规律、穴位聚类和核心组合等统计方法,剖析现代医家使用针刺治疗非小细胞肺癌的核心理论体系以及选穴规律。【结果】根据纳排标准最终纳入94个针刺处方。使用频次>20次的穴位有8个,分别是足三里、内关、肺俞、三阴交、气海、关元、合谷和中脘。高频穴位组合排前3位的分别为足三里-内关,足三里-三阴交和气海-足三里;关联分析显示,足三里-内关的关联强度最高,其次为足三里-三阴交、足三里-合谷。聚类分析显示:频次>10次的穴位可以分为三类。类别一包括:足三里、内关、三阴交、合谷;类别二包括关元、气海、中脘、血海、太冲;类别三由两大部分组成,其一是膻中、天突、丰隆、太渊,其二是肺俞、列缺、尺泽、中府、心俞、膏肓、风门。【结论】针刺治疗非小细胞肺癌的核心选穴包括4类:(1)健脾益气:足三里、三阴交、中脘和丰隆;(2)补益元气:关元、气海和膏肓;(3)理气宽胸:膻中、内关、天突和风门;(4)宣肺透气:肺俞、合谷、尺泽和列缺。补气、调气和透邪三大治法是晚期非小细胞肺癌针刺治疗的基础,以补为主,以疏为辅,疏补并用,是针刺治疗非小细胞肺癌的核心思路。

穴位刺激治疗癌因性疲乏选穴规律数据挖掘

目的采用数据挖掘技术探究穴位刺激治疗癌因性疲乏的选穴配穴规律。方法检索中国知识资源总库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang Data)、中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed)、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase建库至2023年10月13日收录的穴位刺激治疗癌因性疲乏的临床随机对照试验文献,采用Excel2021和R4.3.1对处方腧穴进行频次分析、关联规则分析和聚类分析。结果共纳入文献187篇,包含214条腧穴处方,涉及102个腧穴,使用总频次为1044。使用频次前3位腧穴为足三里、气海、关元,前3位经络为任脉、足阳明胃经和足太阴脾经;腧穴多分布在下肢部和胸腹部,交会穴为使用频次最高的特定穴,艾灸是最常用的干预措施。关联规则分析显示,足三里-气海-关元-三阴交为核心腧穴组合。对肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌、妇科肿瘤和胃癌选穴分析显示,补虚要穴最常选用。聚类分析得到5组腧穴有效聚类群。结论穴位刺激治疗癌因性疲乏选穴以益气养血、扶正祛邪为主要原则,重视特定穴的使用,并根据脏腑经络辨证运用多种配穴方法以提高临床疗效。

基于隐结构模型联合频繁项集的针灸治疗弱精子症不育患者的辨证取穴规律

目的:探讨针灸治疗弱精子症不育患者的辨证取穴规律,为临床治疗弱精子症不育患者提供帮助。方法:检索国家知识基础设施数据库(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国学术期刊数据库(CSPD)及中文科技期刊数据库(CCD)等数据库有关针灸治疗弱精子症的相关文献,提取症状、取穴处方信息构建医案数据库,采用隐结构模型、频繁项集的数据挖掘方法,分析针灸治疗弱精子症的辨证取穴规律。结果:纳入文献35篇,涉及症状62种,穴位49个。高频症状包括腰酸、神疲乏力等,高频腧穴包括关元、肾俞等。对症状、腧穴、证型进行频繁项集分析,挖掘出症状-腧穴频繁项集4项,包括耳鸣+头晕+腰酸+关元+肾俞等;证型-症状频繁项集4项,包括肾精亏虚证+健忘+性欲淡漠+神疲乏力+脉细等;证型-症状-腧穴频繁项集4项,包括肾精亏虚证+性欲淡漠+神疲乏力+头发易脱+关元等。结论:针灸治疗弱精子症多以关元、肾俞、足三里为主穴。

基于数据挖掘分析针灸治疗混合痔术后肛门疼痛的取穴规律

目的:基于数据挖掘的方法分析针灸治疗混合痔术后肛门疼痛的取穴规律。方法:检索2003年4月20日至2020年9月24日中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、维普数据库中关于针灸治疗混合痔术后疼痛的所有文献,共419篇。运用SPSS 26.0、SPSS modeler 18.0软件对针灸治疗混合痔术后疼痛的取穴规律进行统计分析。结果:针灸治疗混合痔术后疼痛腧穴使用频次,从高到低依次为承山、长强、二白、次髎、白环俞、下髎、中髎、足三里、上髎等;经脉以膀胱经、任脉、脾经、督脉为主;部位以腰骶部及下肢取穴最多;特定穴以络穴、经外奇穴最常用。结论:基于数据挖掘的方法系统分析了针灸治疗混合痔术后疼痛取穴规律,穴位以腰骶部和四肢为主,符合临床治疗规律。

基于数据挖掘探析针药结合治疗哮喘的临床优势与针灸选穴规律

目的系统梳理针药结合治疗哮喘的临床研究文献,利用数据挖掘探讨其潜在的临床优势与针灸选穴规律。方法检索收录在中国知网、维普资讯中文期刊服务平台、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献数据库及PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Scoups等数据库中的近20年临床研究文献,建立“针药结合治疗哮喘数据库”,运用频数统计及SPSS Modeler 18.0、Gephi0.10.1软件进行文献挖掘分析。结果①针刺优势以靶器官功能与多项血生化指标(免疫功能指标、血清炎症因子)的调节为主;中药优势为能进一步增强肺通气功能;针刺与中药联合应用可显著提高哮喘患者临床疗效。②针刺治疗哮喘重要程度排名前5位的腧穴依次为肺俞、定喘、足三里、肾俞、膻中,关联规则分析显示定喘-肺俞支持度最高,其次为脾俞-肺俞;足太阳膀胱经与手太阴肺经为常用经脉。③体现针刺优势的腧穴处方重视局部选穴,循经选穴,上下配穴。结论针药结合治疗哮喘是提高疗效的主要原因,其临床优势在于局部与整体兼顾,“标本同治,从肺论治,局部选穴,远近配穴”的临床取穴规律是针刺优势的体现之一,这为针药结合的科学应用提供了新思路。

基于数据挖掘探讨针灸治疗卒中后丘脑痛的选穴规律

目的:基于数据挖掘探讨针灸治疗卒中后丘脑痛的选穴组方规律。方法:电子检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang)、维普资讯中文期刊服务平台(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(SinoMed)和PubMed数据库中针灸治疗卒中后丘脑痛的文献,通过纳排标准对数据进行筛选。利用Microsoft Excel 2019建立数据库;应用SPSS 21.0软件、SPSS Modeler 18.0软件及Cytoscape3.9.1软件进行腧穴频次与归经、特定穴分析、关联规则分析及聚类分析。结果:共纳入34篇有效文献,提取针灸处方34条,涉及腧穴91个,总频次368次;使用频次最高的腧穴为曲池、三阴交;最常涉及的经脉为足少阳胆经、手少阳三焦经与手阳明大肠经;特定穴以交会穴、五腧穴与八脉交会穴使用最多;聚类分析获得7个有效聚类群;核心关联规则分3类:“曲池-环跳-肩髃-外关-风市”、醒脑开窍针刺法主穴和百会-曲鬓,置信度均≥90%、支持度均≥35%。结论:针灸治疗卒中后丘脑痛以水沟-内关-极泉-委中-三阴交为主穴,重视阳经、夹脊穴和郄穴的应用,同时结合头针及肢体腧穴,可取得更加满意的疗效。

针灸治疗尿道综合征的选穴规律和特色分析

目的:分析临床中采用针灸治疗尿道综合征的取穴规律和特点。方法:运用计算机检索知网、万方、维普和中国生物医学文献服务系统数据库从建库—2023年8月针灸治疗尿道综合征相关的文献,对录入的数据进行描述性、关联规则以及聚类分析。结果:最后纳入101篇文献,包含77个腧穴,共739次。针灸治疗尿道综合征的核心穴位组合为三阴交-关元-中极-肾俞-膀胱俞-气海;经脉主要选取膀胱经、任脉和脾经;穴位主要集中在下肢、腹部和骶部。结论:本研究探析了针灸治疗尿道综合征的取穴规律和特色,为临床治疗该病提供依据。