Structural controllability is critical for operating and controlling large-scale complex networks. In real applications, for a given network, it is always desirable to have more selections for driver nodes which make ...Structural controllability is critical for operating and controlling large-scale complex networks. In real applications, for a given network, it is always desirable to have more selections for driver nodes which make the network structurally controllable. Different from the works in complex network field where structural controllability is often used to explore the emergence properties of complex networks at a macro level,in this paper, we investigate it for control design purpose at the application level and focus on describing and obtaining the solution space for all selections of driver nodes to guarantee structural controllability. In accord with practical applications,we define the complete selection rule set as the solution space which is composed of a series of selection rules expressed by intuitive algebraic forms. It explicitly indicates which nodes must be controlled and how many nodes need to be controlled in a node set and thus is particularly helpful for freely selecting driver nodes. Based on two algebraic criteria of structural controllability, we separately develop an input-connectivity algorithm and a relevancy algorithm to deduce selection rules for driver nodes. In order to reduce the computational complexity,we propose a pretreatment algorithm to reduce the scale of network's structural matrix efficiently, and a rearrangement algorithm to partition the matrix into several smaller ones. A general procedure is proposed to get the complete selection rule set for driver nodes which guarantee network's structural controllability. Simulation tests with efficiency analysis of the proposed algorithms are given and the result of applying the proposed procedure to some real networks is also shown, and these all indicate the validity of the proposed procedure.展开更多
In the electron or x-ray scattering experiment,the measured spectra at larger momentum transfer are dominated by the electric dipole-forbidden transitions,while the corresponding selection rules for triatomic molecule...In the electron or x-ray scattering experiment,the measured spectra at larger momentum transfer are dominated by the electric dipole-forbidden transitions,while the corresponding selection rules for triatomic molecules have not been clearly elucidated.In this work,based on the molecular point group,the selection rules for the electric multipolarities of the electronic transitions of triatomic molecules are derived and summarized into several tables with the variation of molecular geometry in the transition process being considered.Based on the summarized selection rules,the electron energy loss spectra of H2O,CO2,and N2O are identified,and the momentum transfer dependence behaviors of their valence-shell excitations are explained.展开更多
The valley valve effect was predicted in a straight zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGR) p/n junction. In this work, we address a possible valley selection rule in a Y-shaped ZGR junction. By modeling the system as a th...The valley valve effect was predicted in a straight zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGR) p/n junction. In this work, we address a possible valley selection rule in a Y-shaped ZGR junction. By modeling the system as a three-terminal device and calculating the conductance spectrum, we found that the valley valve effect could be preserved in the system and the Y-shaped connection does not mix the valley index or the pseudoparities of quasiparticles. It is also shown that the Y-shaped ZGR device can be used to separate spins in real space according to the unchanged valley valve effect. Our finding might pave a way to manipulate and detect spins in a multi-terminal graphene-based spin device.展开更多
The knowledge of the energy level structures of atoms and molecules is mainly obtained by spectroscopic experiments. Both photoabsorption and photoemission spectra are subject to the electric dipole selection rules (...The knowledge of the energy level structures of atoms and molecules is mainly obtained by spectroscopic experiments. Both photoabsorption and photoemission spectra are subject to the electric dipole selection rules (also known as optical selection rules). However, the selection rules for atoms and molecules in the scattering experiments are not identical to those in the optical experiments. In this paper, based on the theory of the molecular point group, the selection rules are derived and summarized for the electric monopole, electric dipole, electric quadrupole, and electric octupole transitions of diatomic molecules under the first Born approximation in scattering experiments. Then based on the derived selection rules, the electron scattering spectra and x-ray scattering spectra of H2, N2, and CO at different momentum transfers are explained, and the discrepancies between the previous experimental results measured by different groups are elucidated.展开更多
Constipation is a common complication of stroke,and it is increasing year by year,which is worthy of attention.In fact,as an effective treatment for Post-ischemic Stroke Constipation,massage has been recognized by doc...Constipation is a common complication of stroke,and it is increasing year by year,which is worthy of attention.In fact,as an effective treatment for Post-ischemic Stroke Constipation,massage has been recognized by doctors at home and abroad.However,In the known research reports,massage prescriptions are complicated,therefore,a simple and effective massage prescription is urgently needed to effectively guide the clinic and promote it.In this study,we used association rule and entropy clustering analysis methods to mine clinical literature on Post-ischemic Stroke Constipation in 7 databases,and combined with data analysis,traditional chinese massage theory and clinical practice,a core new prescription is summarized.The core new prescription of massage in treating Post-ischemic Stroke Constipation take tonifying spleen,nourishing Qi and generating Body Fluid,promoting Qi,invigorating the circulation of blood and eliminating phlegm as the principle of treatment,which is accord with the pathogenesis of this disease,can better guide the clinical practice and facilitate the popularization and application of massage therapy.展开更多
Objective:To summarize the rules of acupoint selection of acupoint application to prevent and treat lung diseases under the background the post-epidemic era using data-mining technology.Method:The CNKI,Wanfang databas...Objective:To summarize the rules of acupoint selection of acupoint application to prevent and treat lung diseases under the background the post-epidemic era using data-mining technology.Method:The CNKI,Wanfang database,and VIP database were searched for clinical study articles on lung diseases treated by acupoint application published in the past 5 years.Data-eligible papers were extracted to establish a database of acupoint application for lung disease using Microsoft Excel 2019,with the goal of analyzing the frequency of acupoints,acupoint-meridian association,acupoint-location association,specific acupoint frequency,and cluster analysis.Association rules,consisting of acupoints with an application frequency of≥10,were devised by the Apriori algorithm to explore the correlation between acupoint groups and to analyze the rules of the compatibility of acupoint prescriptions.Results:A total of 229 eligible papers met our inclusion criteria.Forty-seven acupoints were applied,for a total frequency of acupoints of 1,035 times.Among these,acupoints for lung diseases were primarily distributed in the back-and-waist and chest-and-abdomen areas.From the analysis of the association rules,we obtained four groups of acupoint association rules based on acupoint clusters with a frequency≥10 and found that Feishu(BL 13),Tiantu(CV 22),Dazhui(GV 14),Dingchuan(EX-B1),and Danzhong(CV 17)constitute the core acupoints of prescriptions for clinical acupoint application to prevent and treat lung diseases.Conclusion:It is clearly shown that the core acupoints are relatively concentrated and that the selected acupoints were mainly locally selected,which could be a matching reference for the long-term prevention and treatment of lung diseases,including COVID-19.展开更多
Spin dependent selection rules for photonic transitions in hydrogen-like atoms is derived by using the solution of Dirac equation for hydrogen-like atoms. It is shown that photonic transitions occur when [ Δj=0,±...Spin dependent selection rules for photonic transitions in hydrogen-like atoms is derived by using the solution of Dirac equation for hydrogen-like atoms. It is shown that photonic transitions occur when [ Δj=0,±1,±2, while Δmj=0,±1,±2 ]. By applying the spin dependent selection rules, we can explain the observed (6s→7s) transition in Cesium (Cs) atom.展开更多
Traditionally, in weak interaction, I<sub>3</sub>, Y and four flavour quantum numbers are not conserved but several empirical selection rules work well. Recently, it was found that, in weak interaction, th...Traditionally, in weak interaction, I<sub>3</sub>, Y and four flavour quantum numbers are not conserved but several empirical selection rules work well. Recently, it was found that, in weak interaction, there are three levels of conservation of additive quantum numbers, and fermion quantum number F is conserved in all kinds of interactions. It is known that weak interaction has three types: fermionic, pure hadronic and pure leptonic, corresponding to the first and the second level of conservation of additive quantum numbers respectively. It is demonstrated in this paper that the selection rules in all types of weak interaction can be interpreted by conservation of F, and the formula of relation between Q/e, F and F<sub>0</sub> is more general than Gell-Mann-Nishijima formula. Description of weak interaction becomes simpler, If only we take Q, F<sub>0</sub> and F, based on the conserved physical quantities.展开更多
目的采用数据挖掘技术探究穴位刺激治疗癌因性疲乏的选穴配穴规律。方法检索中国知识资源总库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang Data)、中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed)、PubMed、Web of Science、Emb...目的采用数据挖掘技术探究穴位刺激治疗癌因性疲乏的选穴配穴规律。方法检索中国知识资源总库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang Data)、中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed)、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase建库至2023年10月13日收录的穴位刺激治疗癌因性疲乏的临床随机对照试验文献,采用Excel2021和R4.3.1对处方腧穴进行频次分析、关联规则分析和聚类分析。结果共纳入文献187篇,包含214条腧穴处方,涉及102个腧穴,使用总频次为1044。使用频次前3位腧穴为足三里、气海、关元,前3位经络为任脉、足阳明胃经和足太阴脾经;腧穴多分布在下肢部和胸腹部,交会穴为使用频次最高的特定穴,艾灸是最常用的干预措施。关联规则分析显示,足三里-气海-关元-三阴交为核心腧穴组合。对肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌、妇科肿瘤和胃癌选穴分析显示,补虚要穴最常选用。聚类分析得到5组腧穴有效聚类群。结论穴位刺激治疗癌因性疲乏选穴以益气养血、扶正祛邪为主要原则,重视特定穴的使用,并根据脏腑经络辨证运用多种配穴方法以提高临床疗效。展开更多
目的系统梳理针药结合治疗哮喘的临床研究文献,利用数据挖掘探讨其潜在的临床优势与针灸选穴规律。方法检索收录在中国知网、维普资讯中文期刊服务平台、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献数据库及PubMed、Web of Science、Embase...目的系统梳理针药结合治疗哮喘的临床研究文献,利用数据挖掘探讨其潜在的临床优势与针灸选穴规律。方法检索收录在中国知网、维普资讯中文期刊服务平台、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献数据库及PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Scoups等数据库中的近20年临床研究文献,建立“针药结合治疗哮喘数据库”,运用频数统计及SPSS Modeler 18.0、Gephi0.10.1软件进行文献挖掘分析。结果①针刺优势以靶器官功能与多项血生化指标(免疫功能指标、血清炎症因子)的调节为主;中药优势为能进一步增强肺通气功能;针刺与中药联合应用可显著提高哮喘患者临床疗效。②针刺治疗哮喘重要程度排名前5位的腧穴依次为肺俞、定喘、足三里、肾俞、膻中,关联规则分析显示定喘-肺俞支持度最高,其次为脾俞-肺俞;足太阳膀胱经与手太阴肺经为常用经脉。③体现针刺优势的腧穴处方重视局部选穴,循经选穴,上下配穴。结论针药结合治疗哮喘是提高疗效的主要原因,其临床优势在于局部与整体兼顾,“标本同治,从肺论治,局部选穴,远近配穴”的临床取穴规律是针刺优势的体现之一,这为针药结合的科学应用提供了新思路。展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(61333009,61473317,61433002,61521063,61590924,61673366)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2015AA043102)
文摘Structural controllability is critical for operating and controlling large-scale complex networks. In real applications, for a given network, it is always desirable to have more selections for driver nodes which make the network structurally controllable. Different from the works in complex network field where structural controllability is often used to explore the emergence properties of complex networks at a macro level,in this paper, we investigate it for control design purpose at the application level and focus on describing and obtaining the solution space for all selections of driver nodes to guarantee structural controllability. In accord with practical applications,we define the complete selection rule set as the solution space which is composed of a series of selection rules expressed by intuitive algebraic forms. It explicitly indicates which nodes must be controlled and how many nodes need to be controlled in a node set and thus is particularly helpful for freely selecting driver nodes. Based on two algebraic criteria of structural controllability, we separately develop an input-connectivity algorithm and a relevancy algorithm to deduce selection rules for driver nodes. In order to reduce the computational complexity,we propose a pretreatment algorithm to reduce the scale of network's structural matrix efficiently, and a rearrangement algorithm to partition the matrix into several smaller ones. A general procedure is proposed to get the complete selection rule set for driver nodes which guarantee network's structural controllability. Simulation tests with efficiency analysis of the proposed algorithms are given and the result of applying the proposed procedure to some real networks is also shown, and these all indicate the validity of the proposed procedure.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0402300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1732133)the Science Fund from Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.11320101003)
文摘In the electron or x-ray scattering experiment,the measured spectra at larger momentum transfer are dominated by the electric dipole-forbidden transitions,while the corresponding selection rules for triatomic molecules have not been clearly elucidated.In this work,based on the molecular point group,the selection rules for the electric multipolarities of the electronic transitions of triatomic molecules are derived and summarized into several tables with the variation of molecular geometry in the transition process being considered.Based on the summarized selection rules,the electron energy loss spectra of H2O,CO2,and N2O are identified,and the momentum transfer dependence behaviors of their valence-shell excitations are explained.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.110704033)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK2010416)the Natural Science Foundation for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.13KJB140005)
文摘The valley valve effect was predicted in a straight zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGR) p/n junction. In this work, we address a possible valley selection rule in a Y-shaped ZGR junction. By modeling the system as a three-terminal device and calculating the conductance spectrum, we found that the valley valve effect could be preserved in the system and the Y-shaped connection does not mix the valley index or the pseudoparities of quasiparticles. It is also shown that the Y-shaped ZGR device can be used to separate spins in real space according to the unchanged valley valve effect. Our finding might pave a way to manipulate and detect spins in a multi-terminal graphene-based spin device.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1332204,11274291,and 11320101003)
文摘The knowledge of the energy level structures of atoms and molecules is mainly obtained by spectroscopic experiments. Both photoabsorption and photoemission spectra are subject to the electric dipole selection rules (also known as optical selection rules). However, the selection rules for atoms and molecules in the scattering experiments are not identical to those in the optical experiments. In this paper, based on the theory of the molecular point group, the selection rules are derived and summarized for the electric monopole, electric dipole, electric quadrupole, and electric octupole transitions of diatomic molecules under the first Born approximation in scattering experiments. Then based on the derived selection rules, the electron scattering spectra and x-ray scattering spectra of H2, N2, and CO at different momentum transfers are explained, and the discrepancies between the previous experimental results measured by different groups are elucidated.
基金This study was supported by the Local Standard Construction Project of Jilin Provincial Market Supervision and Administration Department(DBXM097-2020)Standardization Construction Project of Jilin Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(zybz-zc-2020-004)of China JilinOperation specification of acupuncture on upper limb motor dysfunction after ischemic stroke(zybz-2021-005).
文摘Constipation is a common complication of stroke,and it is increasing year by year,which is worthy of attention.In fact,as an effective treatment for Post-ischemic Stroke Constipation,massage has been recognized by doctors at home and abroad.However,In the known research reports,massage prescriptions are complicated,therefore,a simple and effective massage prescription is urgently needed to effectively guide the clinic and promote it.In this study,we used association rule and entropy clustering analysis methods to mine clinical literature on Post-ischemic Stroke Constipation in 7 databases,and combined with data analysis,traditional chinese massage theory and clinical practice,a core new prescription is summarized.The core new prescription of massage in treating Post-ischemic Stroke Constipation take tonifying spleen,nourishing Qi and generating Body Fluid,promoting Qi,invigorating the circulation of blood and eliminating phlegm as the principle of treatment,which is accord with the pathogenesis of this disease,can better guide the clinical practice and facilitate the popularization and application of massage therapy.
基金supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.202001AZ070001-050)Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Tuina for Prevention and Treatment of Encephalopathy in Universities of Yunnan Province(No.2019YGZ04)Technology Innovation Team of Acupuncture Prevention and Treatment of Psychosis in Universities of Yunnan Province(No.2019YGC04).
文摘Objective:To summarize the rules of acupoint selection of acupoint application to prevent and treat lung diseases under the background the post-epidemic era using data-mining technology.Method:The CNKI,Wanfang database,and VIP database were searched for clinical study articles on lung diseases treated by acupoint application published in the past 5 years.Data-eligible papers were extracted to establish a database of acupoint application for lung disease using Microsoft Excel 2019,with the goal of analyzing the frequency of acupoints,acupoint-meridian association,acupoint-location association,specific acupoint frequency,and cluster analysis.Association rules,consisting of acupoints with an application frequency of≥10,were devised by the Apriori algorithm to explore the correlation between acupoint groups and to analyze the rules of the compatibility of acupoint prescriptions.Results:A total of 229 eligible papers met our inclusion criteria.Forty-seven acupoints were applied,for a total frequency of acupoints of 1,035 times.Among these,acupoints for lung diseases were primarily distributed in the back-and-waist and chest-and-abdomen areas.From the analysis of the association rules,we obtained four groups of acupoint association rules based on acupoint clusters with a frequency≥10 and found that Feishu(BL 13),Tiantu(CV 22),Dazhui(GV 14),Dingchuan(EX-B1),and Danzhong(CV 17)constitute the core acupoints of prescriptions for clinical acupoint application to prevent and treat lung diseases.Conclusion:It is clearly shown that the core acupoints are relatively concentrated and that the selected acupoints were mainly locally selected,which could be a matching reference for the long-term prevention and treatment of lung diseases,including COVID-19.
文摘Spin dependent selection rules for photonic transitions in hydrogen-like atoms is derived by using the solution of Dirac equation for hydrogen-like atoms. It is shown that photonic transitions occur when [ Δj=0,±1,±2, while Δmj=0,±1,±2 ]. By applying the spin dependent selection rules, we can explain the observed (6s→7s) transition in Cesium (Cs) atom.
文摘Traditionally, in weak interaction, I<sub>3</sub>, Y and four flavour quantum numbers are not conserved but several empirical selection rules work well. Recently, it was found that, in weak interaction, there are three levels of conservation of additive quantum numbers, and fermion quantum number F is conserved in all kinds of interactions. It is known that weak interaction has three types: fermionic, pure hadronic and pure leptonic, corresponding to the first and the second level of conservation of additive quantum numbers respectively. It is demonstrated in this paper that the selection rules in all types of weak interaction can be interpreted by conservation of F, and the formula of relation between Q/e, F and F<sub>0</sub> is more general than Gell-Mann-Nishijima formula. Description of weak interaction becomes simpler, If only we take Q, F<sub>0</sub> and F, based on the conserved physical quantities.
文摘目的采用数据挖掘技术探究穴位刺激治疗癌因性疲乏的选穴配穴规律。方法检索中国知识资源总库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang Data)、中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed)、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase建库至2023年10月13日收录的穴位刺激治疗癌因性疲乏的临床随机对照试验文献,采用Excel2021和R4.3.1对处方腧穴进行频次分析、关联规则分析和聚类分析。结果共纳入文献187篇,包含214条腧穴处方,涉及102个腧穴,使用总频次为1044。使用频次前3位腧穴为足三里、气海、关元,前3位经络为任脉、足阳明胃经和足太阴脾经;腧穴多分布在下肢部和胸腹部,交会穴为使用频次最高的特定穴,艾灸是最常用的干预措施。关联规则分析显示,足三里-气海-关元-三阴交为核心腧穴组合。对肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌、妇科肿瘤和胃癌选穴分析显示,补虚要穴最常选用。聚类分析得到5组腧穴有效聚类群。结论穴位刺激治疗癌因性疲乏选穴以益气养血、扶正祛邪为主要原则,重视特定穴的使用,并根据脏腑经络辨证运用多种配穴方法以提高临床疗效。
文摘目的系统梳理针药结合治疗哮喘的临床研究文献,利用数据挖掘探讨其潜在的临床优势与针灸选穴规律。方法检索收录在中国知网、维普资讯中文期刊服务平台、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献数据库及PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Scoups等数据库中的近20年临床研究文献,建立“针药结合治疗哮喘数据库”,运用频数统计及SPSS Modeler 18.0、Gephi0.10.1软件进行文献挖掘分析。结果①针刺优势以靶器官功能与多项血生化指标(免疫功能指标、血清炎症因子)的调节为主;中药优势为能进一步增强肺通气功能;针刺与中药联合应用可显著提高哮喘患者临床疗效。②针刺治疗哮喘重要程度排名前5位的腧穴依次为肺俞、定喘、足三里、肾俞、膻中,关联规则分析显示定喘-肺俞支持度最高,其次为脾俞-肺俞;足太阳膀胱经与手太阴肺经为常用经脉。③体现针刺优势的腧穴处方重视局部选穴,循经选穴,上下配穴。结论针药结合治疗哮喘是提高疗效的主要原因,其临床优势在于局部与整体兼顾,“标本同治,从肺论治,局部选穴,远近配穴”的临床取穴规律是针刺优势的体现之一,这为针药结合的科学应用提供了新思路。