[Objective] The aim was to study the internal relationship of the four theories on natural selection unit. [Method] The value field of fitness of heterozygote was investigated by constructing mathematical models, to c...[Objective] The aim was to study the internal relationship of the four theories on natural selection unit. [Method] The value field of fitness of heterozygote was investigated by constructing mathematical models, to clarify the internal relations of the four theories on natural selection unit. [Result] According to mathematical modes constructed in the study, only the mutated genes meet the requirements of natural selection on heterozygous and homozygous aspects, as well as show high fitness in heterozygous condition, could the mutated genes be kept, giving consideration to both individual and population adaptation. Thus, this methodology theoretically inte- grates the theories of individual selection, collective selection, and genetic selection as well as Kimura＇s neutral theory of health information. [Conclusion] The result of this study suggested that the four theories on natural selection unit can co-exist, and share common premises.展开更多
With the rapid spread of smart sensors,data collection is becoming more and more important in Mobile Edge Networks(MENs).The collected data can be used in many applications based on the analysis results of these data ...With the rapid spread of smart sensors,data collection is becoming more and more important in Mobile Edge Networks(MENs).The collected data can be used in many applications based on the analysis results of these data by cloud computing.Nowadays,data collection schemes have been widely studied by researchers.However,most of the researches take the amount of collected data into consideration without thinking about the problem of privacy leakage of the collected data.In this paper,we propose an energy-efficient and anonymous data collection scheme for MENs to keep a balance between energy consumption and data privacy,in which the privacy information of senors is hidden during data communication.In addition,the residual energy of nodes is taken into consideration in this scheme in particular when it comes to the selection of the relay node.The security analysis shows that no privacy information of the source node and relay node is leaked to attackers.Moreover,the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is better than other schemes in aspects of lifetime and energy consumption.At the end of the simulation part,we present a qualitative analysis for the proposed scheme and some conventional protocols.It is noteworthy that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing protocols in terms of the above indicators.展开更多
Sperm competition has been studied in numerous species as a representative example of postcopulatory sexual selection,where sampling sperm from male is the most basic and important step.Sperm collection can be tricky ...Sperm competition has been studied in numerous species as a representative example of postcopulatory sexual selection,where sampling sperm from male is the most basic and important step.Sperm collection can be tricky in birds,however,because unlike mammals,the genitals of birds are generally latent in the cloacal region and their characteristics vary among species.Various methods to collect sperm from different birds have been tested,such as cloacal massage,feces collection,and electro-stimulation,but their applicability varies depending on species.In this study,we introduced the urodeum stimulation method(UroS method)to collect sperm from Cuculus cuckoos,such as the Common Cuckoo(C.canorus).These species are expected to have interesting patterns of pair bonding and sperm competition because of their unique breeding strategy called brood parasitism;however,it remains unexplored.In this study,we described the application of our new method to expel semen from male common cuckoos,measured the volume of semen collected,checked the presence of sperm in the semen sample,and finally estimated its success rate among 82 males.Samples were successfully collected from 76 cuckoos(approximately 93%)and the colors and volumes of the samples were very diverse.Sperm was present in 43 of these samples(57%),showing a sperm observation rate approximately twice as high as that of the conventional cloacal massage method.We believe that this novel method will contribute to a better understanding of postcopulatory sexual selection in avian brood parasites and facilitate the process of sperm collection and artificial insemination in other medium-sized birds.展开更多
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Program of the Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China (200807MS065)the Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China (201106LX743)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the internal relationship of the four theories on natural selection unit. [Method] The value field of fitness of heterozygote was investigated by constructing mathematical models, to clarify the internal relations of the four theories on natural selection unit. [Result] According to mathematical modes constructed in the study, only the mutated genes meet the requirements of natural selection on heterozygous and homozygous aspects, as well as show high fitness in heterozygous condition, could the mutated genes be kept, giving consideration to both individual and population adaptation. Thus, this methodology theoretically inte- grates the theories of individual selection, collective selection, and genetic selection as well as Kimura＇s neutral theory of health information. [Conclusion] The result of this study suggested that the four theories on natural selection unit can co-exist, and share common premises.
基金This work is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2018YFB0505000the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.U1836115,No.61922045,No.U1836115 and No.61672295+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant No.BK20181408the State Key Laboratory of Cryptology Foundation,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security No.GCIS201715the CICAEET fund,and the PAPD fund.
文摘With the rapid spread of smart sensors,data collection is becoming more and more important in Mobile Edge Networks(MENs).The collected data can be used in many applications based on the analysis results of these data by cloud computing.Nowadays,data collection schemes have been widely studied by researchers.However,most of the researches take the amount of collected data into consideration without thinking about the problem of privacy leakage of the collected data.In this paper,we propose an energy-efficient and anonymous data collection scheme for MENs to keep a balance between energy consumption and data privacy,in which the privacy information of senors is hidden during data communication.In addition,the residual energy of nodes is taken into consideration in this scheme in particular when it comes to the selection of the relay node.The security analysis shows that no privacy information of the source node and relay node is leaked to attackers.Moreover,the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is better than other schemes in aspects of lifetime and energy consumption.At the end of the simulation part,we present a qualitative analysis for the proposed scheme and some conventional protocols.It is noteworthy that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing protocols in terms of the above indicators.
基金financially supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by The Ministry of Education(NRF2020R1I1A2063567)。
文摘Sperm competition has been studied in numerous species as a representative example of postcopulatory sexual selection,where sampling sperm from male is the most basic and important step.Sperm collection can be tricky in birds,however,because unlike mammals,the genitals of birds are generally latent in the cloacal region and their characteristics vary among species.Various methods to collect sperm from different birds have been tested,such as cloacal massage,feces collection,and electro-stimulation,but their applicability varies depending on species.In this study,we introduced the urodeum stimulation method(UroS method)to collect sperm from Cuculus cuckoos,such as the Common Cuckoo(C.canorus).These species are expected to have interesting patterns of pair bonding and sperm competition because of their unique breeding strategy called brood parasitism;however,it remains unexplored.In this study,we described the application of our new method to expel semen from male common cuckoos,measured the volume of semen collected,checked the presence of sperm in the semen sample,and finally estimated its success rate among 82 males.Samples were successfully collected from 76 cuckoos(approximately 93%)and the colors and volumes of the samples were very diverse.Sperm was present in 43 of these samples(57%),showing a sperm observation rate approximately twice as high as that of the conventional cloacal massage method.We believe that this novel method will contribute to a better understanding of postcopulatory sexual selection in avian brood parasites and facilitate the process of sperm collection and artificial insemination in other medium-sized birds.
