Selection rules for electric multipole transition of triatomic molecule in scattering experiments

In the electron or x-ray scattering experiment,the measured spectra at larger momentum transfer are dominated by the electric dipole-forbidden transitions,while the corresponding selection rules for triatomic molecules have not been clearly elucidated.In this work,based on the molecular point group,the selection rules for the electric multipolarities of the electronic transitions of triatomic molecules are derived and summarized into several tables with the variation of molecular geometry in the transition process being considered.Based on the summarized selection rules,the electron energy loss spectra of H2O,CO2,and N2O are identified,and the momentum transfer dependence behaviors of their valence-shell excitations are explained.

Selection rules for electric multipole transition of diatomic molecule in scattering experiments

The knowledge of the energy level structures of atoms and molecules is mainly obtained by spectroscopic experiments. Both photoabsorption and photoemission spectra are subject to the electric dipole selection rules （also known as optical selection rules）. However, the selection rules for atoms and molecules in the scattering experiments are not identical to those in the optical experiments. In this paper, based on the theory of the molecular point group, the selection rules are derived and summarized for the electric monopole, electric dipole, electric quadrupole, and electric octupole transitions of diatomic molecules under the first Born approximation in scattering experiments. Then based on the derived selection rules, the electron scattering spectra and x-ray scattering spectra of H2, N2, and CO at different momentum transfers are explained, and the discrepancies between the previous experimental results measured by different groups are elucidated.

Acupoint selection rules for acupoint application in lung diseases in the post-epidemic era

Objective:To summarize the rules of acupoint selection of acupoint application to prevent and treat lung diseases under the background the post-epidemic era using data-mining technology.Method:The CNKI,Wanfang database,and VIP database were searched for clinical study articles on lung diseases treated by acupoint application published in the past 5 years.Data-eligible papers were extracted to establish a database of acupoint application for lung disease using Microsoft Excel 2019,with the goal of analyzing the frequency of acupoints,acupoint-meridian association,acupoint-location association,specific acupoint frequency,and cluster analysis.Association rules,consisting of acupoints with an application frequency of≥10,were devised by the Apriori algorithm to explore the correlation between acupoint groups and to analyze the rules of the compatibility of acupoint prescriptions.Results:A total of 229 eligible papers met our inclusion criteria.Forty-seven acupoints were applied,for a total frequency of acupoints of 1,035 times.Among these,acupoints for lung diseases were primarily distributed in the back-and-waist and chest-and-abdomen areas.From the analysis of the association rules,we obtained four groups of acupoint association rules based on acupoint clusters with a frequency≥10 and found that Feishu(BL 13),Tiantu(CV 22),Dazhui(GV 14),Dingchuan(EX-B1),and Danzhong(CV 17)constitute the core acupoints of prescriptions for clinical acupoint application to prevent and treat lung diseases.Conclusion:It is clearly shown that the core acupoints are relatively concentrated and that the selected acupoints were mainly locally selected,which could be a matching reference for the long-term prevention and treatment of lung diseases,including COVID-19.

Selection Rules in Weak Interaction and Conservation of Fermion Quantum Number

Traditionally, in weak interaction, I3, Y and four flavour quantum numbers are not conserved but several empirical selection rules work well. Recently, it was found that, in weak interaction, there are three levels of conservation of additive quantum numbers, and fermion quantum number F is conserved in all kinds of interactions. It is known that weak interaction has three types: fermionic, pure hadronic and pure leptonic, corresponding to the first and the second level of conservation of additive quantum numbers respectively. It is demonstrated in this paper that the selection rules in all types of weak interaction can be interpreted by conservation of F, and the formula of relation between Q/e, F and F0 is more general than Gell-Mann-Nishijima formula. Description of weak interaction becomes simpler, If only we take Q, F0 and F, based on the conserved physical quantities.

Spectral observation of symmetry-protected selection rules for dynamical high-dimensional parity in alignment magnetic resonance

Multidimensional Floquet-driven alignment systems with dynamical symmetry present various exotic phenomena and applications.However,there are challenges in directly characterizing large-spin dynamical symmetry from spectra.Here,we first observe the symmetry-protected selection rules of dynamical high-dimensional parity in a large-spin(F=4)system.We theoretically construct a Floquet-driven alignment system that can be used to reveal high-dimensional spatiotemporal symmetry.In the experiment,the system is implemented in Cs atomic gas subjected to two-dimensional Floquet-modulated magnetic resonance driving.By developing Floquet detection protocols of alignment double-sided spectra,we directly verify symmetry-protected selection rules of dynamical high-dimensional parity for large-spin systems.This work advances the exploration of dynamical symmetry to large spins,and unravels a universal Floquet scheme for the investigation of symmetry-protected selection rules.

Intelligently Tuned Wavelet Parameters for GPS/INS Error Estimation

This paper presents a new algorithm for de-noising global positioning system （GPS） and inertial navigation system （INS） data and estimates the INS error using wavelet multi-resolution analysis algorithm （WMRA）-based genetic algorithm （GA） with a well-designed structure appropriate for practical and real time implementations because of its very short training time and elevated accuracy. Different techniques have been implemented to de-noise and estimate the INS and GPS errors. Wavelet de-noising is one of the most exploited techniques that have been recently used to increase the precision and reliability of the integrated GPS/INS navigation system. To ameliorate the WMRA algorithm, GA was exploited to optimize the wavelet parameters so as to determine the best wavelet filter, thresholding selection rule （TSR）, and the optimum level of decomposition （LOD）. This results in increasing the robustness of the WMRA algorithm to estimate the INS error. The proposed intelligent technique has overcome the drawbacks of the tedious selection for WMRA algorithm parameters. Finally, the proposed method improved the stability and reliability of the estimated INS error using real field test data.

Detection of invisible phonon modes in individual defect-free carbon nanotubes by gradient-field Raman scattering

We provide an effective method to investigate the field gradient effect in nanoconfined plasmon-matter interaction.Aligned ultralong SWNTs without defects were grown on marked substrates, followed by assembling gold nanoparticle clusters around individual nanotubes. The Raman scattering behavior of a nanotube placed in an atomic scale nanogap between adjacent nanoparticles was studied. In addition to the expected plasmon-induced Raman enhancement up to 103,the defect-free D-mode of an individual SWNT induced by gradient field is found for the first time. When the light is confined at atomic scale, gradient field Raman scattering becomes significant and dipole-forbidden phonon modes can be activated by quadrupole Raman tensor variation, indicating breakdown of the Raman selection rules.

Splitting of Spectra in Anharmonic Oscillators Described by Kratzer Potential Function

A perturbation theory model that describes splitting of the spectra in highly symmetrical molecular species in electrostatic field is proposed. An anahrmonie model of a two-dimensional oscillator having Kratzer potential energy function is used to model the molecular species and to represent the unperturbed system. A selection rule for the radial quantum number of the oscillator is derived. The eigenfunctions of a two-dimensional anharmonic oscillator in cylindrical coordinates are used for the matrix elements representing the probability for energy transitions in dipole approximation to be calculated. Several forms of perturbation operators are proposed to model the interaction between the polyatomic molecular species and an electrostatic field. It is found that the degeneracy is removed in the presence of the electric field and spectral splitting occurs. Anharmonic approximation for the unperturbed system is more accurate and reliable representation of a reaJ polyatomic molecular species.

Thermal effect and energy-level transition rule for a mesoscopic LC circuit with inductance-capacitance coupling

This paper reports that the mesoscopic inductance and capacitance coupling LC circuit is quantized by means of the canonical quantization method. Using the ＇invariant eigen-operator＇ method, it deduces the energy-level transition rule when the system is disturbed by an external electromagnetic field. At the same time, the quantum fluctuations for the system at finite temperature are examined by virtue of the generalized Hellmann-Feynman theorem.

Valley selection rule in a Y-shaped zigzag graphene nanoribbon junction

The valley valve effect was predicted in a straight zigzag graphene nanoribbon （ZGR） p/n junction. In this work, we address a possible valley selection rule in a Y-shaped ZGR junction. By modeling the system as a three-terminal device and calculating the conductance spectrum, we found that the valley valve effect could be preserved in the system and the Y-shaped connection does not mix the valley index or the pseudoparities of quasiparticles. It is also shown that the Y-shaped ZGR device can be used to separate spins in real space according to the unchanged valley valve effect. Our finding might pave a way to manipulate and detect spins in a multi-terminal graphene-based spin device.

Electron Raman scattering in semiconductor quantum well wire of cylindrical ring geometry

We study the electron states and the differential cross section for an electron Raman scattering process in a semi- conductor quantum well wire of cylindrical ring geometry. The electron Raman scattering developed here can be used to provide direct information about the electron band structures of these confinement systems. We assume that the system grows in a GaAs/Al0.35Ga0.65As matrix. The system is modeled by considering T = 0 K and also a single parabolic con- duction band, which is split into a sub-band system due to the confinement. The emission spectra are discussed for different scattering configurations, and the selection rules for the processes are also studied. Singularities in the spectra are found and interpreted.

Probing time delay of strong-field resonant above-threshold ionization

The high-resolution three-dimensional photoelectron momentum distributions via above-threshold ionization(ATI)of Xe atoms are measured in an intense near circularly polarized laser field using velocity map imaging and tomography reconstruction. Compared to the linearly polarized laser field, the employed near circularly polarized laser field imposes a more strict selection rule for the transition via resonant excitation, and therefore we can selectively enhance the resonant ATI through certain atomic Rydberg states. Our results show the self-reference ionization delay, which is determined from the difference between the measured streaking angles for nonadiabatic ATI via the 4 f and 5 f Rydberg states, is 45.6 as. Our method provides an accessible route to highlight the role of resonant transition between selected states, which will pave the way for fully understanding the ionization dynamics toward manipulating electron motion as well as reaction in an ultrafast time scale.

The research on rule of Acupoints and Massage Manipulations selection for Post-ischemic Stroke Constipation based on association rule and entropy clustering analysis

Constipation is a common complication of stroke,and it is increasing year by year,which is worthy of attention.In fact,as an effective treatment for Post-ischemic Stroke Constipation,massage has been recognized by doctors at home and abroad.However,In the known research reports,massage prescriptions are complicated,therefore,a simple and effective massage prescription is urgently needed to effectively guide the clinic and promote it.In this study,we used association rule and entropy clustering analysis methods to mine clinical literature on Post-ischemic Stroke Constipation in 7 databases,and combined with data analysis,traditional chinese massage theory and clinical practice,a core new prescription is summarized.The core new prescription of massage in treating Post-ischemic Stroke Constipation take tonifying spleen,nourishing Qi and generating Body Fluid,promoting Qi,invigorating the circulation of blood and eliminating phlegm as the principle of treatment,which is accord with the pathogenesis of this disease,can better guide the clinical practice and facilitate the popularization and application of massage therapy.

Optimization of the Design and Drying Process Adapted to Pineapple Slices

The present work is a study on the influence of temperature and the velocity of air on the drying kinetics of pineapple slices. The main objective is to define from this drying kinetics rules to help a designer choose an adequate principle or drying configuration and optimize the design of dryers adapted to the use of it. The experiments were made in an electric dryer using a parallel flow system. The air was used at three different temperatures （40, 50 and 60 ~C） and at four different velocities （0.27, 0.5, 1 and 1.8 m/s） during the experiment. The results show that an increase of 10 ℃ of the drying temperature reduced the drying time by 45% and increased the drying velocity by 30%. On the set of air velocities tested, it was noticed that the influence of air velocity on drying was more striking at the beginning than at the end of the drying process （variation of less than 20%）. Whatever the variation of parameters during the drying process, the best performance was observed when the products water content during the drying process was between 50% and 80%.

Research on law of acupoints selection for acupuncture treatment of postpartum depression based on data mining method

Objective:To obtain the rules of acupoint use and compatibility methods from RCT literature of acupunctureand moxibustion in the treatment of postpartum depression through data mining,so as to provide effective acupoints for clinical reference.Methods:a total of 557 clinical literatures on acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of postpartum depression were retrieved through China knowledge Network Database,Wanfang Database and Chongqing VIP Database,and 44 articles were obtained through inclusion and exclusion criteria.Statistical analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS20.0 and SPSS Modeler18.1.Results:the most commonly used acupuncture points for postpartum depression are Baihui,Taichong,Sanyinjiao,Zusanli,Neiguan,Governor Meridian,foot Jueyin liver Meridian and foot Sun bladder Meridian,which are closely related to the treatment of postpartum depression.most doctors'clinical acupuncture treatment sites are head,limbs and back.The correlation analysis results obtained by SPSS Modeler software are Taichong-Neiguan-Zusanli,Taichong-Neiguan and Neiguan-Zusanli.Finally,the high-frequency acupoints are clustered and classified into four clusters,namely Taichong,Neiguan,Sanyinjiao and Zusanli.Hegu,Sishencong;Baihui,Shenmen;Pishu and Guanyuan.Conclusion:the rule of acupoint use of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of postpartum depression through data mining can provide some reference for the clinical treatment of postpartum depression in the future.

Heuristic Method for Job Shop Scheduling Problem with Combination Processing

A job shop scheduling problem with a combination processing in complex production environment is proposed. Based on the defining of ＂non-elastic combination processing relativity＂ and ＂virtual process＂, the problem can be simplified and transformed to a traditional one. On the basis of the dispatching rules select engine and considered factors of complex production environment, a heuristic method is designed. The algorithm has been applied to a mould enterprise in Shenzhen for half a year. The practice showed that by using the method suggested the number of delayed orders was decreased about 20% and the productivity was increased by 10 to 20%.

灸法用于癌症治疗的选穴规律分析

Objective:To summarize the rules of acupoint selection in treatment of cancer with moxibustion by analyzing the articles of relevant clinical trials in recent years in China,so as to provide the references for acupoint selection of moxibustion for cancer.Methods:The articles of clinical trials for treatment of cancer with moxibustion were retrieved from China National knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP Chinese Journal Service Platform(VIP)and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform(Wanfang)from 1st January 2015 to 30th June 2021.Using EpiData software,the data were extracted and exported in Excel.The analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics 23 software.Results:A total of 516 articles were collected,including 533 prescriptions with 164 acupoints involved.The high-frequency acupoints were similar among 7 types of cancers and these acupoints mostly acted on supporting the antipathogenic qi,replenishing qi and regulating the spleen and stomach.Regarding meridian tropism,the acupoints from the conception vessel,the governor vessel and bladder meridian were dominant in treatment of cancer with moxibustion.In terms of location distribution,the selected acupoints were generally distributed on the chest,abdomen,lumbar region and the upper back of the body.Based on cancer related symtomes in different systems,the use frequency of Zusanli(ST36)was the highest for the symptoms of the immune,digestive,circulatory and motor systems;that of Feishu(BL13)was the highest for the respiratory system symptoms and that of Guanyuan(CV4)was the highest for the urinary system symptoms.The cluster analysis of high-frequency acupoints showed that the acupoints of moxibustion for cancer generally work on cultivating yang,supporting the antipathogenic qi,strengthening the spleen and harmonizing the stomach,and were selected in association with the clinical symptoms of different cancers.

The rules of acupoint-selection of acupuncture for polycystic ovary syndrome based on data mining

Objective To excavate and analyze the acupoint selection rules of acupuncture for PCOS. Methods A literature search was conducted in databases of Chinese Biomedicine Database（CBM）, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database（CNKI）, Wanfang Database, Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database（VIP） and Pub Med. All clinical trials evaluating the effects of acupuncture in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS） were included with or without methods of randomization and/or control. Four authors extracted information and two reviewers recorded information on titles, journals, interventions, main acupoints in selfestablished Excel sheet. Results The top ten acupoints of acupuncture therapy used most frequently were, by turns, Sānyīnjiāo（三阴交 SP 6）, Guānyuán（关元 CV 4）, Zhōngjí（中极 CV 3）, Zǐgōng（子宫 EX-CA 1）, Qìhǎi（气海 CV 6）, Zúsānlǐ（足三里 ST 36）, Shènshù（肾俞 BL 23）, Tiānshū（天枢 ST 25）, Guīlaí（归来 ST 29）, Zhōngwǎn（中脘 CV 12）. Conclusion Our study indicates that modern acupuncture treatment for PCOS is based on selection of specific acupoints according to traditional Chinese acupuncture theory. Points of spleen meridian, stomach meridian and conception vessel are chosen frequently which are most located on the abdomen and the lower limbs. Specific points used most are the front-mu points, the he-sea points, matching points and the back-shu points.

Acupoint selection rules in treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting with acupuncture and moxibustion

Objective:To analyze the acupoint selection rules in acupuncture treatment for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting(CINV)in China through data mining technology.Methods:The relevant literature on acupuncture treatment for CINV were searched from SinoMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang,VIP and Pubmed databases from the establishment to January 3,2021 and the worksheet was set up for the information extraction of acupuncture-moxibustion prescriptions.Using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 and SPSS Modeler 18.0 software,cluster analysis and association rule analysis were conducted to explore the rules of acupoint selection.Results:A total of 179 articles were eligible,including 206 acupuncture prescriptions and 64 acupoints.The total use frequency of acupoints was 784 times.The acupoints with the highest use frequency were Zúsānlǐ(足三里ST36),Zhōngwǎn(中脘CV12)and Nèiguān(内关PC6).The commonly used meridians included stomach meridian of foot-yangming,conception vessel,pericardium meridian of hand-jueyin and bladder meridian of foot-taiyang.The acupoints located on the chest,the abdomen and the lower limbs were mostly selected.Five-shu points and crossing points were highly involved in terms of the specific points.The most common combination was ST36,CV12 and PC6.Conclusion:In treatment of acupuncture for CINV,the acupoints were generally selected from stomach meridian of foot-yangming,conception vessel,pericardium meridian of hand-jueyin.Front-mu points on the chest and the abdomen,the he-sea points and lower he-sea points in the lower limbs are commonly used.The core acupoint prescription of acupuncture for CINV included ST36,CV12 and PC6.

Acupoint selection rules in acupuncture therapy for postoperative urinary retention after hemorrhoidectomy based on data mining technology

Objective:To explore the core acupoints and combination rules of acupuncture therapy for postoperative urinary retention after hemorrhoidectomy,and,further to analyze the characteristics of the prescription of acupuncture therapy for postoperative urinary retention after hemorrhoidectomy.Methods:Relevant clinical studies in seven databases were searched systematically from database inception to 1 st October 2020.Based on data mining techniques,the core acupoints,characteristics and combination rules of acupuncture therapy for postoperative urinary retention after hemorrhoidectomy were analyzed comprehensively.Statistics collected and analysis of acupoint selection included the frequency of usage of acupoints,the meridian of acupoints,the location of acupoints and the combination of acupoints.Cluster and association analysis were performed utilizing Excel 13.0 and SPSS 26.0.Results:In the 36 studies included,the most frequently adopted acupoint was Sānyīnjiāo(三阴交 SP6);the most frequently adopted meridian was the foot-taiyin spleen meridian;the most frequently involved location was the lower limbs;and the most frequently adopted combination of acupoints was SP6 and Zhōngjí(中极CV 3).Cluster analysis showed that the acupoints could be divided into three categories:the first group comprised SP6 alone;the second group included CV3,Guānyuán(关元CV4),Yīnlíngquán(阴陵泉SP9) and Zúsānlǐ(足三里ST36);and the third group included Pángguāngshū(膀胱俞BL28),Chéngshān(承山BL57),Tàichōng(太冲LR3),Zhìbiān(秩边 BL54),Tàixī(太溪KI6),Hégǔ(合谷 LI4),Xuèhǎi(血海SP10),Qìhǎi(气海CV6) and Shǔidào(水道ST28).Conclusion:It was found that acupuncture therapy for postoperative urinary retention after hemorrhoidectomy mainly follows the four characteristic rules:the selection of acupoints following the meridian,selection of acupoints at local points,selection of acupoints at distal points and selection of acupoints according to special symptoms.