Optimization of Drying Process for Plasma Protein from Tibetan Sheep

Fresh blood of Tibetan sheep was subjected to protein separation and spray drying, and the effects of drying process on water content, yield and nitrogen soluble index of plasma powder from blood of Tibetan sheep were investigated. The results showed that the optimum separation parameters were a centrifugal speed at 6 000 r/min, centrifugal time of 20 min, a mass fraction of dry matter of 20%, an inlet air temperature at 180 ℃ and a feed rate at 400 ml/h, under which the plasma protein was a pale yellow powdery solid, indicating a good separation effect.

Preparation of high emissivity NiCr_2O_4 powders with a spinel structure by spray drying

Spray-drying was used to produce the high emissivity NiCr2O4 powders with a spinel structure. Preliminary investigations focused on fabricating the high emissivity powders for infrared radiation coatings and finding the relationship between microstructure and emissivity. The NiCr2O4 powders were characterized for composition, microstructure, and infrared emissivity by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, infrared radiant instrument, and Fourier transform infrared spectra （FT-IR）. Thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis show that the appropriate baking temperature for NiCr2O4 powder preparation is about 1200？C. The emissivity measurement and FT-IR spectra show that, because of the special spinel structure, the NiCr2O4 powders have a high emissivity about 0.91. Spray-drying is a suitable method to produce the high emissivity ceramic powders.

Optimization of Spray Drying Processing Technology of Mulberry Powder

With concentrated juice of mulberry as raw material, the influence of type and dosage of dry aid, the inlet air tempera- ture, inlet flow rate, and rotating speed on spray drying was studied. The spray drying processing conditions of mulberry pow- der were optimized by the L9 （3^4） orthogonal test on the basis of single factor experiment. The results showed that optimum technical parameters to produce mulberry powder were： lS-cyclodextrin as dry aids with dosage of 30%, inlet air temperature of 180 ℃, rotating speed of 18 000 r/min and inlet flow rate of 30 mL/min. The mulberry powder under this optimum process conditions had a loose structure and bright color, fruity flavor was rich, the anthocyanin content for 54.67 mg/g, moisture content for 5.6% and sensory scores for 83.

Structure-dependent re-dispersibility of graphene oxide powders prepared by fast spray drying

The graphene oxide powder(GOP)obtained from the spray drying process often exhibits poor redispersibility which is considered due to the partial reduction of GO sheets.The reduction of drying temperature can effectively increase the redispersibility of GOP,but result in a decreased drying efficiency.Herein,we found that the redispersibility of GOP is strongly affected by its microstructure,which is determined by the feed concentration.With the increase of feed concentration,the GO nanosheet assembly varies from the disordered stacking to relatively oriented assembly,making the morphology of the GOP transform from balllike(the most crumpled one)to flakelike(the least crumpled one),and the 0.8 mgml 1 is the threshold concentration for the morphology,structure,and redispersibility change.Once the feed concentration reaches 0.8 mg ml 1,the appearance of the nematic phase in droplet ensures the relatively oriented assembly of GO sheets to form the layered structure with a low crumpling degree,which greatly improves the polar parts surface tension of the solid GOP,making the GOP easier to form hydrogen bonding with water during the redispersion process,thus stabilizing dispersion.This work provides useful information for understanding the relationships between the morphology,microstructure,and final redispersibility of GOPs.

Microwave Sintering of W-15Cu Ultrafine Composite Powder Prepared by Spray Drying & Calcining-continuous Reduction Technology

The effects of microwave sintering and conventional H2 sintering on the microstructure and properties of W-15Cu alloy using ultrafine W-15Cu composite powder fabricated by spray drying ＆ calcining-continuous reduction technology were investigated. In comparison to the conventional HE sintering processing, microwave sintering to W-15Cu can be achieved at lower sintering temperature and shorter sintering time. Furthermore, higher performances in microwave sintered compacts were obtained, but high microwave sintering temperature or long microwave sintering time could result in coarser microstructures.

Effects of Different Drying Methods on the Quality of Micronized Chinese Wolfberry Powder

[Objectives] To study the effects of different drying methods on quality of Chinese wolfberry powder. [Methods] The physical properties and nutritional contents of Chinese wolfberry powder prepared by hot air drying,vacuum freeze drying,microwave vacuum drying,drum drying and spray drying were measured and analyzed to explore the effects of different drying methods on quality characteristics of Chinese wolfberry powder. [Results] The total sugar content and reducing sugar contents of product: vacuum freeze drying > spray drying > microwave vacuum drying > drum drying > hot air drying; carotene and total flavonoid contents: vacuum freeze drying > microwave vacuum drying > spray drying > drum drying > hot air drying; after drying process,the dietary fiber content of product obtained by drum drying and spray drying was relatively higher,while the Vc content of Chinese wolfberry powder prepared by vacuum freeze drying was the highest. a~*value( redness to greenness) of color: vacuum freeze drying > microwave vacuum drying > spray drying > drum drying > hot air drying; the Chinese wolfberry powder prepared by vacuum freeze drying had the best solubility,hygroscopicity and rehydration ratio. [Conclusions] Microwave vacuum drying was the best method to prepare Chinese wolfberry powder,in order to keep its quality and consider the cost of production.

Development and Evaluation of an All Weather-Type Solar Drying House to Make for Wood Pellet Material

To suppress the global environment pollutions, we tried to develop a new-type solar drying house by improving a typical agricultural green-house, so that an all weather-type solar drying house was invented ultimately. This house is capable to dry raw wood materials (Ogako) into suitable moisture content (Mc) to make a wood pellet. The all weather-type solar Ogako drying house is covered with a triple transparent film, and an open/close free-type shield sheet is spread along with house’s inner surface with a small space, which is opened when solar radiation is incident on the house in daytime and closed to prevent heat loss from the house while out of sun shining in night. Inside of the all weather-type solar Ogako drying house, there are four belt-conveyors over which four top radiation panels are hanged, and on which four Ogako agitators are touched, a turn-table, two hoppers, four small fans, and besides, a floor heating is molded in concrete floor. Also on the north wall outside the house, two insulated cylinders (chimney) are stood up vertically to exhaust inside moist air passively. Then, to make clearly the operation performance of the house, the drying tests for the proof examination were conducted nineteen times at first test site in Ashoro where is located east-central part of Hokkaido, Japan. As a result of the drying test for the proof examination, it was made clear that the all weather-type solar Ogako drying house is practically useful as a supplementary apparatus to produce the dried Ogako, and consequently to suppress CO2 exhaustion.

Mathematical model and numerical investigation of the influence of spray drying parameters on granule sizes of mold powder

In this work,the formation mechanism of the droplet-to-granule was investigated in detail based on mold powder manufacturing.A specific mathematical model of two-stage spray drying was established to describe droplet and granule motion,heat and mass transfer,and granule morphology during spray drying.Then,the relationships between spray drying parameters(inlet temperature,atomization pres-sure,slurry mass flow rate)and the properties of the drying tower(temperature and velocity fields)and mold powder granules(temperature,evaporation rates,moisture content,and diameter)were simulated and calculated using ANSYS/Fluent software.To ensure that the granule size of mold powder was controlled within the ideal range(0.2-0.6 mm)for producing granules with appropriate mechanical and metallurgical properties,the following optimum spray drying parameters were chosen based on the results of the numerical simulation:inlet temperatures,873 K;slurry atomization pressure,1.8 MPa;slurry mass flow rate,0.05 kg s-1.Among these parameters,the slurry mass flow rate has the most significant effect on granule size.

油菜薹中啶虫脒残留质控样品的制备与评价

为保障油菜薹中啶虫脒农药残留快速检测结果的准确性和可靠性,建立油菜薹中啶虫脒质控样品的制备方法并进行评价。采用基质加标、真空冷冻干燥的方法制备冻干质控样品。采用液相色谱质谱串联的检测方法对质控样品中的啶虫脒含量进行测定,通过随机抽样检验以评估样品的均匀性,通过观察质控样品在一个月内啶虫脒含量变化以评估样品的稳定性。该方法制备的油菜薹中啶虫脒农药残留质控样品均匀性和稳定性良好,便于储存和运输,适用于快检产品验证、盲样考核等快速检测领域。本研究建立了一种流程简单的油菜薹冻干粉质控样品制备方法,为蔬菜中农药残留质控样品制备共性关键技术研究提供了数据参考。

引火汤冻干粉HPLC指纹图谱建立及8种成分含量测定

目的建立引火汤冻干粉HPLC指纹图谱,并测定地黄苷D、麦冬甲基黄烷酮A、毛蕊花糖苷、原儿茶酸、梓醇、五味子醇甲、五味子乙素、五味子甲素的含量。方法指纹图谱建立采用Supersil AQ18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸,梯度洗脱;体积流量1.0 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长230 nm。UPLC-MS/MS含量测定采用Alphasil VC-C_(18)色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,2.5μm);流动相乙腈-0.1%甲酸,梯度洗脱;体积流量0.3 mL/min;柱温30℃;电喷雾离子源;正负离子扫描;多反应监测模式。结果10批冻干粉指纹图谱中有17个共有峰,相似度大于0.90,指认出毛蕊花糖苷、水晶兰苷、去乙酰车叶草苷酸、五味子醇甲。8种成分在各自范围内线性关系良好(R^(2)>0.9906),平均加样回收率98.7%~101.1%,RSD 2.0%~5.2%。结论指纹图谱结合含量测定能完整表征引火汤基准样品质量,从而为其关键化学属性质量评价提供参考。

自拟如意散治疗药物流产后气虚血瘀型阴道异常出血效果及对血β-HCG的影响

目的探讨自拟如意散治疗药物流产后气虚血瘀型阴道异常出血的效果。方法选取80例药物流产后气虚血瘀型阴道异常出血患者作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,各40例。对照组给予益母草颗粒治疗,研究组给予中药自拟如意散治疗。比较两组相关临床指标、临床疗效。结果研究组阴道出血量少于对照组,出血持续时间短于对照组,宫腔内残留组织面积小于对照组,血β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组总有效率为87.5%,高于对照组的60.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论自拟如意散治疗药物流产后气虚血瘀型阴道异常出血患者疗效显著,可有效促进宫腔内残留组织的排出,改善β-HCG水平,减少阴道出血量,缩短出血持续时间,值得临床推广。

基于粉煤灰和矿粉作为掺合料的无砟轨道自密实混凝土性能对比分析

随着中国高速铁路的快速发展,无砟轨道自密实混凝土在高速铁路建设中的应用越来越广泛。为了提高无砟轨道自密实混凝土的性能,粉煤灰和矿粉作为两种重要的混凝土掺合料被广泛使用。文章将对这两种掺合料在无砟轨道自密实混凝土中的应用进行对比分析,旨在为工程实践提供有益的参考。

清瘿散改善桥本甲状腺炎合并亚临床甲减患者抑郁焦虑状态及抗体紊乱的随机对照研究

[目的]观察清瘿散对于肝郁脾虚型桥本甲状腺炎合并亚临床甲减患者的抑郁焦虑状态的改善作用,及其对血清抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体、抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体的影响。[方法]采用前瞻性设计,将2021年7月至2022年6月在上海市中医医院甲状腺病专科门诊明确诊断为肝郁脾虚型桥本甲状腺炎(HT)合并亚临床甲减(SCH)患者154例。根据不同治疗方案,用随机数字表法分为两组,试验组以清瘿散联用优甲乐治疗(77例),对照组以单药优甲乐治疗(77例),治疗周期12周。观察治疗前后两组患者抑郁及焦虑自评量表(SDS、SAS)计分、甲状腺疾病生活质量(SF-36)计分和血清抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体浓度(TgAb)、促甲状腺素(TSH)浓度变化。[结果]治疗12周后,试验组SDS、SAS评分较治疗前下降显著多于对照组(P<0.01)、试验组SF-36评分较治疗前提升,显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组血清TPOAb、TgAb较治疗前显著下降(P<0.01),对照组治疗前后均未见显著变化;两组治疗后血清TSH均较前显著下降(P<0.01)。试验组总有效率为86.4%,显著高于对照组42.6%,两组间有显著差异(P<0.01)。[结论]清瘿散加小剂量优甲乐治疗12周可显著改善肝郁脾虚型HT合并SCH患者抑郁及焦虑状态、提高患者生活质量,降低血清TSH、TPOAb、TgAb水平,临床疗效优于单药小剂量优甲乐治疗方案。

阿法替尼脂质体冻干粉的制备与性质

设计一种新型脂质体冻干粉,作为吸入剂有望解决阿法替尼因口服给药产生的胃肠道不良反应等问题,发挥局部定位治疗效果。根据外观形态、溶解性、粒径和包封率确定最佳冻干工艺,并对制备的冻干粉性质进行表征。实验结果显示,采用冷冻干燥法制备的以甘露醇+乳糖为联合冻干保护剂的阿法替尼脂质体冻干粉为白色蓬松粉末,溶解性好,略有引湿性,流动性好,复溶后的平均粒径为(167.0±3.7)nm,包封率为(91.3±1.2)%,稳定性较好。体外释放实验表明,该制剂在PBS和含20%FBS的PBS中初始阶段释放较为缓慢,48 h释放率均为60%左右。体外细胞毒性实验表明,阿法替尼脂质体冻干粉与阿法替尼脂质体的肿瘤细胞毒性作用相当,IC_(50)值为(4.9±0.6)μg/mL。

改性玉米蛋白粉和肠膜蛋白粉组合替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、饲料利用和免疫性能的影响

为研究饲料中改性玉米蛋白粉和肠膜蛋白粉组合替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、饲料利用和免疫性能的影响。试验分别用复合蛋白源替代0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%鱼粉,共制作了6组等氮等脂饲料,分别命名为CD1(基础料,对照组)、CD2、CD3、CD4、CD5组和CD6组,投喂对虾56 d。结果显示,与CD1组,复合蛋白源替代20%、40%、60%和80%鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾增重率(WG)和特定生长率(SGR)皆无显著影响(P>0.05)。CD6组对虾的WG、SGR、饲料效率(FE)、蛋白质效率(PER)和蛋白质沉积率(PPV)显著低于CD1组(P<0.05)。CD6组试验虾血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和三酰甘油(TG)水平显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),而血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和总蛋白(TP)水平显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。CD6组试验虾肝胰腺谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)、超氧化物过氧化酶(SOD)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)含量显著低于其它各试验组(P<0.05),同时丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,饲料中复合蛋白源能替代部分鱼粉而对凡纳滨对虾的生长性能没有显著影响,然而,复合蛋白源全替代鱼粉会降低凡纳滨对虾的生长性能、饲料利用率、免疫力和抗氧化能力。

经典名方黄芪桂枝五物汤不同形态基准物质质量评价及分析

目的建立经典名方黄芪桂枝五物汤(Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction,HGWD)物质基准;研究HGWD饮片-水煎液-浓缩液-冻干粉全过程量值传递规律,为含挥发性物质的经典名方基准样品的制备方法和科学评定提供借鉴。方法根据国家发布的《古代经典名方关键信息表(25首方剂)》制备15批HGWD水煎液;建立其多指标含量测定和特征图谱分析方法,开展特征峰归属及相似度评价;考察比较HGWD水煎液、冻干粉中多指标含量,分析其在水煎液-浓缩液-冻干粉制备过程中量值传递规律,科学合理确定基准样品的物理形态,并拟定HGWD基准样品中各成分的含量和转移率范围,建立HGWD物质基准。结果HGWD中桂皮醛、肉桂醇在浓缩干燥过程中显著降低,其余指标成分在水煎液、浓缩液与冻干粉间能较完整地传递;15批HGWD基准样品的特征图谱相似度均>0.9,确定8个特征峰,分别来自于方中白芍、桂枝和生姜;出膏率范围8.0%~11.0%;指标成分黄芪甲苷含量为0.04%~0.07%,转移率为9.0%~18.0%;芍药苷含量为1.5%~3.0%,转移率为33.0%~62.0%;肉桂醇含量为0.02%~0.04%,转移率为25.0%~47.0%;桂皮醛含量为0.02%~0.05%,转移率为0.7%~1.5%;肉桂酸含量为0.03%~0.06%,转移率为17.5%~34.0%;6-姜辣素含量为0.04%~0.08%,转移率为7.0%~14.0%。结论确定以水煎液作为HGWD基准样品物理形态,为含挥发性物质的经典名方基准样品物理形态的科学选择提供参考;建立了HGWD物质基准各项质量指标,并对其量值传递规律进行分析,为该经典名方复方制剂开发提供依据。

低GI芋圆干的研制

以香芋为主要原料,制备低血糖生成指数(glycemic index,GI)芋圆干。通过研究白芸豆粉、燕麦粉、荞麦粉3种低GI原料对芋圆干感官评分的影响,筛选出最佳低GI原料。在单因素试验的基础上,以GI、弹性、复水比和感官评分为指标,通过正交试验优化低GI芋圆干的配方及熟化工艺。结果表明:最佳配方为以芋泥质量为基准,白芸豆粉、木薯淀粉、水、白糖添加量分别为12%、75%、22%、20%;最佳熟化工艺参数为芋圆直径1.0 cm、水煮时间2.5 min、料液比1∶35(g/mL)。在此条件下制出的芋圆干GI为53.97,感官评分为81.36。

超微粉碎辅助酶解法制备海参冻干粉的生物活性分析

以超微粉碎辅助酶解法制备的海参(Cucumaria frondosa)冻干粉为研究对象,通过DPPH自由基清除率、羟基自由基清除率和还原力、HeLa细胞增殖抑制率、小鼠转棒实验及血乳酸(lactic acid,LA)含量和环磷酰胺(cyclo-phosphamide,CY)诱导的免疫缺陷小鼠实验及免疫球蛋白G(immunoglobulin G,IgG)含量,分别研究海参冻干粉的抗氧化能力、抗肿瘤、抗疲劳和提高免疫力的能力。结果表明,DPPH自由基清除率的IC50为12.46 mg/mL,羟基自由基清除率的IC50为15.22 mg/mL,还原力为0.35,表明海参冻干粉具有抗氧化能力。海参冻干粉对HeLa细胞增殖抑制率的IC50为556.2μg/mL,表现出抗肿瘤能力。通过灌胃海参冻干粉,小鼠转棒运动时间随着剂量升高而延长,运动后高剂量组的LA含量(19.15 mmol/L)较低,说明小鼠运动耐力提高,且CY诱导的免疫缺陷小鼠降低了体质量的下降速率,高剂量组IgG含量恢复到11.98 mg/mL。综上,海参冻干粉具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤抗疲劳和提高免疫力的多功能活性潜力。

一株丁酸梭菌冻干菌粉的获得及体内安全性评价

该试验对一株丁酸梭菌BLCC1-0022利用生物发酵罐扩大培养获得丁酸梭菌冻干菌粉,并利用小鼠经口急性毒性试验评价其体内的毒性反应。结果表明:丁酸梭菌BLCC1-0022经500 L生物发酵罐扩大培养,在稳定期18 h时停止发酵,pH降至最低为5.15,发酵液活菌数2.89×10^(8) CFU/mL,芽孢率96%,全部发酵液经过冻干得到冻干菌粉活菌数4.1×10^(10) CFU/g。与对照组相比,灌胃丁酸梭菌低剂量组(5×10^(8) CFU/只)、中剂量组(5×10^(9)和5×10^(10) CFU/只)、高剂量组(5×10^(11) CFU/只)小鼠的生长性能、血液指标均无显著差异(P>0.05),不会发生细菌移位现象,未对小鼠的心脏、肝脏和脾脏组织造成病理损伤。总之,丁酸梭菌BLCC1-0022不会对小鼠内脏、血液及生长性能产生毒性反应,体内安全性较高。

自拟全虫散对腰椎间盘突出症患者下肢疼痛麻木症状的影响

目的探讨自拟全虫散对腰椎间盘突出症患者下肢疼痛麻木症状的影响。方法选取2022年4月至9月上海市嘉定区中医医院收治的80例腰椎间盘突出症伴下肢疼痛麻木患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组(40例)和对照组(40例),观察组脱落2例,对照组脱落3例,最终纳入观察组38例,对照组37例。观察组采用自拟全虫散联合甲钴胺口服治疗,对照组采用甲钴胺口服治疗,两组患者均治疗30 d。比较两组患者治疗前及治疗后30、60 d的视觉疼痛模拟评分法(VAS)及麻木评分,并观察两组患者的不良反应发生情况。结果两组患者治疗后30、60 d的VAS评分均低于本组治疗前,麻木评分均优于本组治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后30、60 d的VAS评分均低于对照组,麻木评分均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者均未发生严重不良反应。结论自拟全虫散对腰椎间盘突出症患者下肢疼痛麻木症状的临床效果较好,具有重要的临床价值和推广意义。