The relativistic interaction of charged particle beams with a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave propagating along a uniform guiding magnetic field in the tunneling of a dielectric medium is analyzed. The accel...The relativistic interaction of charged particle beams with a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave propagating along a uniform guiding magnetic field in the tunneling of a dielectric medium is analyzed. The acceleration mechanism and a self-consistent nonlinear theory are presented for the interaction of relativistic charged particle beams with electromagnetic waves. Numerical results show that the beam particle can be efficiently accelerated in the interaction process.展开更多
A brief review and analysis of two historical models of the electron, the charged spinning sphere and Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck’s concept, is presented. It is shown that the enormous potential of classical electrodynami...A brief review and analysis of two historical models of the electron, the charged spinning sphere and Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck’s concept, is presented. It is shown that the enormous potential of classical electrodynamics has been underutilized in particle physics. Such observation leads to discovery of a principal component in the electron inner structure—the charged c-ring. The intrinsic (fundamental) electron model based on the charged c-ring successfully explains the ontology of the charge fractionation in quantum chromodynamics and the formation of Cooper pairs in superconductivity. The c-ring properties are explained on the basis of the General Compton Conditions as defined. Properties of the charged c-ring include the explanation of the boundary conditions, electro-magnetostatic field configuration, self-mass, spin, magnetic moment, and the gyromagnetic ratio. The self-mass of the intrinsic electron is 100% electro-magnetostatic and it is shown how to compute its value. The classical-quantum divide no longer exists. Relation between the intrinsic electron and the electron is fundamentally defined. The electron is the composite fermion consisting of the intrinsic electron and the neutrino. The ontology of the anomaly in the electron magnetic moment is demonstrated—it is due to the addition of the neutrino magnetic moment to the overall electron magnetic moment. The intrinsic electron replaces the W? boson in particle physics, resulting in a fundamental implication for the Standard Model.展开更多
The GB/T 27930-2015 protocol is the communication protocol between the non-vehicle-mounted charger and the battery management system (BMS) stipulated by the state. However, as the protocol adopts the way of broadcast ...The GB/T 27930-2015 protocol is the communication protocol between the non-vehicle-mounted charger and the battery management system (BMS) stipulated by the state. However, as the protocol adopts the way of broadcast communication and plaintext to transmit data, the data frame does not contain the source address and the destination address, making the Electric Vehicle (EV) vulnerable to replay attack in the charging process. In order to verify the security problems of the protocol, this paper uses 27,655 message data in the complete charging process provided by Shanghai Thaisen electric company, and analyzes these actual data frames one by one with the program written by C++. In order to enhance the security of the protocol, Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) digital signature and adding random numbers are proposed to resist replay attack. Under the experimental environment of Eclipse, the normal charging of electric vehicles, RSA digital signature and random number defense are simulated. Experimental results show that RSA digital signature cannot resist replay attack, and adding random numbers can effectively enhance the ability of EV to resist replay attack during charging.展开更多
The in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance(EQCM) technique was used to investigate the ion transport of immobilized heteropolyanions at a self-assembled monolayer(SAM) modified gold electrode during e...The in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance(EQCM) technique was used to investigate the ion transport of immobilized heteropolyanions at a self-assembled monolayer(SAM) modified gold electrode during electrochemical redox process.A mixed transfer method was presented to analyse the abnormal change of resonant frequency based on the simultaneous insertion/extraction of different ions.The results indicate that the migration of HSO4-anions was indispensable in the redox process of the heteropolyanions in a 1 mol/L H2SO4 solution and played a key role in the abnormal change of the resonant frequency.Such a change was attributed to different packing densities derived by means of differently immobilized methods.展开更多
A self-balanced charge pump (CP) with fast lock circuit to achieve nearly zero phase error is proposed and analyzed. The proposed CP is designed based on the SMIC 0.25μm 1P5M complementary metal oxide semiconductor...A self-balanced charge pump (CP) with fast lock circuit to achieve nearly zero phase error is proposed and analyzed. The proposed CP is designed based on the SMIC 0.25μm 1P5M complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process with a 2.5 V supply voltage, HSPICE simulation shows that even if the mismatch of phase/frequency detector (PFD) was beyond 10%, the charge pump could still keep nearly zero phase error, Incorporated fast lock circuit can shorten start-up time to below 300 ns.展开更多
This paper presents a novel high-voltage lateral double diffused metal-oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) with self- adaptive interface charge (SAC) layer and its physical model of the vertical interface electric field. ...This paper presents a novel high-voltage lateral double diffused metal-oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) with self- adaptive interface charge (SAC) layer and its physical model of the vertical interface electric field. The SAC can be self-adaptive to collect high concentration dynamic inversion holes, which effectively enhance the electric field of dielectric buried layer (EI) and increase breakdown voltage (BV). The BV and EI of SAC LDMOS increase to 612 V and 600 V/tim from 204 V and 90.7 V/ttm of the conventional silicon-on-insulator, respectively. Moreover, enhancement factors of r/which present the enhanced ability of interface charge on EI are defined and analysed.展开更多
The quantum field theory (QFT) is one of branches of the Standard Model. According to QFT, quantum fields are the primary entities and particles are the excitations of these fields, coming in discrete lumps with no in...The quantum field theory (QFT) is one of branches of the Standard Model. According to QFT, quantum fields are the primary entities and particles are the excitations of these fields, coming in discrete lumps with no inner structures and with properties assigned by declaration. Such view is in conflict with the observed vacuum energy density, 140 orders of magnitudes less than required by the QFT. In addition, such view is challenged by Aphysical Quantum Mechanics (AQM), a deeper quantum theory. According to AQM, the fundamental understanding of quantum reality is expanded by the addition of two fundamental categories, aphysical and elementary consciousness of elementary particles. Based on AQM and as an example, the total ontology of the intrinsic (fundamental) electron is presented with its inner structure of perfect geometry consisting of the physical charged c-ring and aphysical cylinder, and with its properties such as self-mass, spin, magneto-electrostatic field configuration and magnetic moment. The position parameter in the inner structure demonstrates that there are no two identical intrinsic electrons in the Universe thus placing a question mark over the QFT principle of indistinguishability.展开更多
The Bozhong19-6(BZ19-6)condensate gas reservoirs,located in the southwestern Bozhong sub-basin,Bohai Bay Basin,China,were paleo-oil reservoirs in the geological past and have undergone at least three successive hydroc...The Bozhong19-6(BZ19-6)condensate gas reservoirs,located in the southwestern Bozhong sub-basin,Bohai Bay Basin,China,were paleo-oil reservoirs in the geological past and have undergone at least three successive hydrocarbon charging events.The hydrocarbon migration and accumulation process of“early oil and late gas”has occurred in the current reservoirs.At the end of the sedimentation of the Guantao Formation(N_(1)g,∼12 Ma),the reservoirs began to fill with first stage low-moderate mature crude oil.At the late stage of the Lower Minghuazhen Formation(N_(1)ml)(∼6.7 Ma),the reservoirs were largely charged with second stage high mature crude oil.Since the deposition of the upper Minghuazhen Formation(N_(2)m^(u),∼5.1 Ma),the paleo-oil reservoirs were transformed into shallow Neogene reservoirs due to the reactivation of basement faults.From the late stage of the N_(2)m^(u)to the present day(∼2.8–0 Ma),the reservoirs were rapidly filled by natural gas within a short period.In addition,analysis of the formation of the reservoir bitumen and the conspicuous loss of the lower molecular weight n-alkanes in the crude oil reveal that the injection of a large amount of gas in the late stage caused gas flushing of the early charged oil.展开更多
Ce^4+-doped Ca2SnO4 with a one-dimensional structure, which emits bright blue light, is prepared by using a solid-state reaction method. The x-ray diffraction results show that the Ce^4+ ions doped in Ca2SnO4 occupy...Ce^4+-doped Ca2SnO4 with a one-dimensional structure, which emits bright blue light, is prepared by using a solid-state reaction method. The x-ray diffraction results show that the Ce^4+ ions doped in Ca2SnO4 occupy the Sn^4+ sites. The excitation and emission spectra of Ca2Sn1-xCexO4 appear to have broad bands with peaks at - 268nm and -442nm, respectively. A long excited-state lifetime (-83μs) for the emission from Ca2Sn1-xCexO4 suggests that the luminescence originates from a ligand-to-metal Ce^4+ charge transfer (CT). The luminescent properties of Ca2Snl_xCexO4 have been compared with those of Sr2CeO4, which is the only material reported so far to show Ce^4+ CT luminescence. More interestingly, it is observed that the emission intensity of Ca2Sn1-xCexO4 with a small doping concentration (x - 0.03) is comparable to that of Sr2CeO4 in which the concentration of active centre is 100%.展开更多
This paper describes the self—adjustment of some tuning-knobs of the generalized predictive controller(GPC).A three feedforward neural network was utilized to on line learn two key tuning-knobs of GPC,and BP algorith...This paper describes the self—adjustment of some tuning-knobs of the generalized predictive controller(GPC).A three feedforward neural network was utilized to on line learn two key tuning-knobs of GPC,and BP algorithm was used for the training of the linking-weights of the neural network.Hence it gets rid of the difficulty of choosing these tuning-knobs manually and provides easier condition for the wide applications of GPC on industrial plants.Simulation results illustrated the effectiveness of the method.展开更多
The relation between structures and properties of polyurethane are investigated by modern physical and chemical methods.The results obtained are as follows:the effects of the content of self-crosslinking agent on the ...The relation between structures and properties of polyurethane are investigated by modern physical and chemical methods.The results obtained are as follows:the effects of the content of self-crosslinking agent on the properties of polyurethane,i.e.,dispersion stability,dynamical viscoelasticity and mechanical properties are discussed.It is found that the optimum molar ratio of epichlorohydrin and diethylenetriamine is 1:2.A mois-展开更多
The Belt and Road Initiative contains the aspiration of Chinese nation to pursue ideological freedom and desire of strengthening international exchanges and cooperation. This paper takes the Belt and Road Initiative f...The Belt and Road Initiative contains the aspiration of Chinese nation to pursue ideological freedom and desire of strengthening international exchanges and cooperation. This paper takes the Belt and Road Initiative for example,emphasizing the interpretation of the inheritance and development of Chinese culture so as to study the importance of Culture Self-Consciousness in Chinese Philosophy,in the context of English globalization. That is to say,this paper stresses the spirits and the stand of nation 's demonstration on pursuing peace,cooperation and sustainable development in the civilization continuity from traditional China to the contemporary China,with practical philosophic view.展开更多
The spontaneously generated electrical charge of a droplet dispensed from conventional pipetting is undesirable and unpredictable for most experiments that use pipetting.Hence,a method for controlling and removing the...The spontaneously generated electrical charge of a droplet dispensed from conventional pipetting is undesirable and unpredictable for most experiments that use pipetting.Hence,a method for controlling and removing the electrical charge needs to be developed.In this study,by using the electrode-deposited pipet tip(E-pipet tip),the charge-controlling system is newly developed and the electrical charge of a droplet is precisely controlled.The effect of electrolyte concentration and volume of the transferred solution to the electrical charge of a dispensed droplet is theoretically and experimentally investigated by using the equivalent capacitor model.Furthermore,a proof-of-concept example of the self-alignment and self-assembly of sequentially dispensed multiple droplets is demonstrated as one of the potential applications.Given that the electrical charge of the various aqueous droplets can be precisely and simply controlled,the fabricated E-pipet tip can be broadly utilized not only as a general charge-controlling platform of aqueous droplets but also as a powerful tool to explore fundamental scientific research regarding electrical charge of a droplet,such as the surface oscillation and evaporation of charged droplets.展开更多
We have explored a model of vacuum self-organization based on dissipative dynamics and recurrent self-interactions. The initial state of the vacuum is assumed as self-interacting vacuum dust. The medium is dispersive ...We have explored a model of vacuum self-organization based on dissipative dynamics and recurrent self-interactions. The initial state of the vacuum is assumed as self-interacting vacuum dust. The medium is dispersive and resembles dark-energy vacuum as described by general relativity. Beside self-diffusion, vacuum dust endowed with self-attraction, resembling Newton’s gravity. We explored what would happen with this medium when the strength of self-gravitation progressively increases. We observed a cascade of phase transitions. First transition occurs when self-attraction reaches the point when it can balance self-diffusion. A vortex-cellular structure emerges. Vortexes operate as self-sustained oscillators and tend to synchronize their dynamics. They form a synchronized network that possesses a universal time scale and, after zooming out, its structure acquires a form of fiber-bundle structure of electromagnetic field. With increasing self-gravitation strength, the system experiences another phase transition. The fiber-bundle structure becomes resembling that of weak nuclear field. Vacuum cells acquire spinorial dynamics. Electric charges emerge. When synchronized, the weakly interacting cells create lepton-like molecules. Oscillating charges in spinorial cells give a birth to current loops, which magnetic moment linked to the particle spin. During the next phase transition, the cell dynamics experiences another topological transformation, which is accompanied by creation of three color charges. The acquired fiber-bundle structure form resembles that of strong nuclear field. Synchronized strongly interacting vacuum cells create quark-like particles that carry color charges. We associate their complex synchronization patterns with particle flavors. We also explored statistical distributions of vacuum cells as functions of self-gravitation strength. We found that the distribution spectrum is essentially discrete, and the vacuum cells group around the states that we call super-attractive. Discrete cell distribution implies charge quantization. Synchronization transforms initial Boltzmann-like distribution into quantum-like distributions. During phase transitions, cell distributions experience transformations that can be encoded in the chemical potentials of the corresponding states. We found that chemical potentials apparently relate to the coupling constants and mixing angles and amplitudes in the standard model.展开更多
The effect of composition and annealing temperature on charge transfer properties, in a donor/acceptor nanocomposites based on poly (2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyhexyl-oxy)-p-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) and MWCNTs functionaliz...The effect of composition and annealing temperature on charge transfer properties, in a donor/acceptor nanocomposites based on poly (2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyhexyl-oxy)-p-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) and MWCNTs functionalized with Polystyrene (PS:MWCNTs), have been investigated. The quenching of photoluminescence (PL) intensity of pure MEH-PPV, by adding different amounts of functionalized carbon nanotubes, exhibits that a photoinduced charge transfer has been occurred. Charge transfer efficiency was obtained for an acceptable concentration of PS:MWCNTs about 0.5 wt% and at annealed temperature of about 80℃. Quenching efficiency studies imply that MEH-PPV/PS:MWCNTs nanocomposites reveal a high degree of PL quenching, reaching a value of η = 76.9%.展开更多
The genesis of physical particles is essentially a mystery. Quantum field theory creation operators provide an abstract mechanism by which particles come into existence, but quantum fields do not possess energy densit...The genesis of physical particles is essentially a mystery. Quantum field theory creation operators provide an abstract mechanism by which particles come into existence, but quantum fields do not possess energy density. I reference several recent treatments of this problem and develop ideas based on self-stabilizing field structures with focus on higher order self-induced self-stabilizing field structures. I extend this treatment in this paper to related issues of topological charge.展开更多
为解决现有压电能量俘获电路效率低、开关辅助电路结构复杂且能耗高等问题,基于串联同步开关电感(Series Synchronized Switch Harvesting on Inductor,S-SSHI)电路输出功率峰值高和同步电荷提取(Synchronous Electric Charge Extractio...为解决现有压电能量俘获电路效率低、开关辅助电路结构复杂且能耗高等问题,基于串联同步开关电感(Series Synchronized Switch Harvesting on Inductor,S-SSHI)电路输出功率峰值高和同步电荷提取(Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction,SECE)电路负载范围宽的优点,提出一种具有自供电功能的能量俘获电路。为实现SSSHI电路和SECE电路混合,基于二者开关动作均在压电元件开路电压的极值点,提出了正极值点电压翻转、负极值点电荷提取的策略;设计了两个非对称无源正/负峰值检测电路检测正/负极值,使正/负半周期的工作模式分别为S-SSHI和SECE,从而达到输出功率和负载范围的平衡。通过仿真建模研究所提电路的可行性,验证了所提电路俘能性能优越,输出功率峰值可达SEH电路的4倍,同时具有较宽的负载范围。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51275029,51102007 and 11275007)
文摘The relativistic interaction of charged particle beams with a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave propagating along a uniform guiding magnetic field in the tunneling of a dielectric medium is analyzed. The acceleration mechanism and a self-consistent nonlinear theory are presented for the interaction of relativistic charged particle beams with electromagnetic waves. Numerical results show that the beam particle can be efficiently accelerated in the interaction process.
文摘A brief review and analysis of two historical models of the electron, the charged spinning sphere and Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck’s concept, is presented. It is shown that the enormous potential of classical electrodynamics has been underutilized in particle physics. Such observation leads to discovery of a principal component in the electron inner structure—the charged c-ring. The intrinsic (fundamental) electron model based on the charged c-ring successfully explains the ontology of the charge fractionation in quantum chromodynamics and the formation of Cooper pairs in superconductivity. The c-ring properties are explained on the basis of the General Compton Conditions as defined. Properties of the charged c-ring include the explanation of the boundary conditions, electro-magnetostatic field configuration, self-mass, spin, magnetic moment, and the gyromagnetic ratio. The self-mass of the intrinsic electron is 100% electro-magnetostatic and it is shown how to compute its value. The classical-quantum divide no longer exists. Relation between the intrinsic electron and the electron is fundamentally defined. The electron is the composite fermion consisting of the intrinsic electron and the neutrino. The ontology of the anomaly in the electron magnetic moment is demonstrated—it is due to the addition of the neutrino magnetic moment to the overall electron magnetic moment. The intrinsic electron replaces the W? boson in particle physics, resulting in a fundamental implication for the Standard Model.
文摘The GB/T 27930-2015 protocol is the communication protocol between the non-vehicle-mounted charger and the battery management system (BMS) stipulated by the state. However, as the protocol adopts the way of broadcast communication and plaintext to transmit data, the data frame does not contain the source address and the destination address, making the Electric Vehicle (EV) vulnerable to replay attack in the charging process. In order to verify the security problems of the protocol, this paper uses 27,655 message data in the complete charging process provided by Shanghai Thaisen electric company, and analyzes these actual data frames one by one with the program written by C++. In order to enhance the security of the protocol, Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) digital signature and adding random numbers are proposed to resist replay attack. Under the experimental environment of Eclipse, the normal charging of electric vehicles, RSA digital signature and random number defense are simulated. Experimental results show that RSA digital signature cannot resist replay attack, and adding random numbers can effectively enhance the ability of EV to resist replay attack during charging.
基金Supported by the Science Foundation for Young Teachers of Northeast Normal University,China(No.20081001)
文摘The in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance(EQCM) technique was used to investigate the ion transport of immobilized heteropolyanions at a self-assembled monolayer(SAM) modified gold electrode during electrochemical redox process.A mixed transfer method was presented to analyse the abnormal change of resonant frequency based on the simultaneous insertion/extraction of different ions.The results indicate that the migration of HSO4-anions was indispensable in the redox process of the heteropolyanions in a 1 mol/L H2SO4 solution and played a key role in the abnormal change of the resonant frequency.Such a change was attributed to different packing densities derived by means of differently immobilized methods.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Re-search and Development Programof China (2004AA122310)
文摘A self-balanced charge pump (CP) with fast lock circuit to achieve nearly zero phase error is proposed and analyzed. The proposed CP is designed based on the SMIC 0.25μm 1P5M complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process with a 2.5 V supply voltage, HSPICE simulation shows that even if the mismatch of phase/frequency detector (PFD) was beyond 10%, the charge pump could still keep nearly zero phase error, Incorporated fast lock circuit can shorten start-up time to below 300 ns.
基金Projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60806025 and 60976060), the National Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuit (Grant No. 9140C0903070904), and the Youth Teacher Foundation of the University of Electroniq Science and Technology of China (Grant No. ix0721).
文摘This paper presents a novel high-voltage lateral double diffused metal-oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) with self- adaptive interface charge (SAC) layer and its physical model of the vertical interface electric field. The SAC can be self-adaptive to collect high concentration dynamic inversion holes, which effectively enhance the electric field of dielectric buried layer (EI) and increase breakdown voltage (BV). The BV and EI of SAC LDMOS increase to 612 V and 600 V/tim from 204 V and 90.7 V/ttm of the conventional silicon-on-insulator, respectively. Moreover, enhancement factors of r/which present the enhanced ability of interface charge on EI are defined and analysed.
文摘The quantum field theory (QFT) is one of branches of the Standard Model. According to QFT, quantum fields are the primary entities and particles are the excitations of these fields, coming in discrete lumps with no inner structures and with properties assigned by declaration. Such view is in conflict with the observed vacuum energy density, 140 orders of magnitudes less than required by the QFT. In addition, such view is challenged by Aphysical Quantum Mechanics (AQM), a deeper quantum theory. According to AQM, the fundamental understanding of quantum reality is expanded by the addition of two fundamental categories, aphysical and elementary consciousness of elementary particles. Based on AQM and as an example, the total ontology of the intrinsic (fundamental) electron is presented with its inner structure of perfect geometry consisting of the physical charged c-ring and aphysical cylinder, and with its properties such as self-mass, spin, magneto-electrostatic field configuration and magnetic moment. The position parameter in the inner structure demonstrates that there are no two identical intrinsic electrons in the Universe thus placing a question mark over the QFT principle of indistinguishability.
基金supported by the National Science&Technology Specific Project,China(No.2016ZX05024-003-008).
文摘The Bozhong19-6(BZ19-6)condensate gas reservoirs,located in the southwestern Bozhong sub-basin,Bohai Bay Basin,China,were paleo-oil reservoirs in the geological past and have undergone at least three successive hydrocarbon charging events.The hydrocarbon migration and accumulation process of“early oil and late gas”has occurred in the current reservoirs.At the end of the sedimentation of the Guantao Formation(N_(1)g,∼12 Ma),the reservoirs began to fill with first stage low-moderate mature crude oil.At the late stage of the Lower Minghuazhen Formation(N_(1)ml)(∼6.7 Ma),the reservoirs were largely charged with second stage high mature crude oil.Since the deposition of the upper Minghuazhen Formation(N_(2)m^(u),∼5.1 Ma),the paleo-oil reservoirs were transformed into shallow Neogene reservoirs due to the reactivation of basement faults.From the late stage of the N_(2)m^(u)to the present day(∼2.8–0 Ma),the reservoirs were rapidly filled by natural gas within a short period.In addition,analysis of the formation of the reservoir bitumen and the conspicuous loss of the lower molecular weight n-alkanes in the crude oil reveal that the injection of a large amount of gas in the late stage caused gas flushing of the early charged oil.
文摘Ce^4+-doped Ca2SnO4 with a one-dimensional structure, which emits bright blue light, is prepared by using a solid-state reaction method. The x-ray diffraction results show that the Ce^4+ ions doped in Ca2SnO4 occupy the Sn^4+ sites. The excitation and emission spectra of Ca2Sn1-xCexO4 appear to have broad bands with peaks at - 268nm and -442nm, respectively. A long excited-state lifetime (-83μs) for the emission from Ca2Sn1-xCexO4 suggests that the luminescence originates from a ligand-to-metal Ce^4+ charge transfer (CT). The luminescent properties of Ca2Snl_xCexO4 have been compared with those of Sr2CeO4, which is the only material reported so far to show Ce^4+ CT luminescence. More interestingly, it is observed that the emission intensity of Ca2Sn1-xCexO4 with a small doping concentration (x - 0.03) is comparable to that of Sr2CeO4 in which the concentration of active centre is 100%.
基金Supported by the National 863 CIMS Project Foundation(863-511-010)Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(983602011)Backbone Young Teacher Project Foundation of Ministry of Education
文摘This paper describes the self—adjustment of some tuning-knobs of the generalized predictive controller(GPC).A three feedforward neural network was utilized to on line learn two key tuning-knobs of GPC,and BP algorithm was used for the training of the linking-weights of the neural network.Hence it gets rid of the difficulty of choosing these tuning-knobs manually and provides easier condition for the wide applications of GPC on industrial plants.Simulation results illustrated the effectiveness of the method.
文摘The relation between structures and properties of polyurethane are investigated by modern physical and chemical methods.The results obtained are as follows:the effects of the content of self-crosslinking agent on the properties of polyurethane,i.e.,dispersion stability,dynamical viscoelasticity and mechanical properties are discussed.It is found that the optimum molar ratio of epichlorohydrin and diethylenetriamine is 1:2.A mois-
文摘The Belt and Road Initiative contains the aspiration of Chinese nation to pursue ideological freedom and desire of strengthening international exchanges and cooperation. This paper takes the Belt and Road Initiative for example,emphasizing the interpretation of the inheritance and development of Chinese culture so as to study the importance of Culture Self-Consciousness in Chinese Philosophy,in the context of English globalization. That is to say,this paper stresses the spirits and the stand of nation 's demonstration on pursuing peace,cooperation and sustainable development in the civilization continuity from traditional China to the contemporary China,with practical philosophic view.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.90606021, No.60676006, and No.60706019) and the State Key Program for Basic Research of China (No.2006CBOL1000).
文摘与自我排列的 nanofiber 数组装饰的各向异性的 polyaniline (PAni ) 盘子在热水的条件下面被综合。自我装配的结构的形成机制被在反应系统,和数字模拟与添加剂电解质在 PAni 微观结构上学习效果调查因为自我装配的 nanofiber 的生气角度上的系统的静电的精力的依赖在格子穿粗糙的 PAni 盘子。静电的相互作用在自我装配的 PAni 结构的形成基于离子的做的费用起一个重要作用,这被建议。
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP).(No.2014R1A2A1A010065272011-0030075+1 种基金2012R1A2A2A06047424)supported by the convergence technology development program for bionic arm through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT&Future Planning(No.2014M3C1B2048632)
文摘The spontaneously generated electrical charge of a droplet dispensed from conventional pipetting is undesirable and unpredictable for most experiments that use pipetting.Hence,a method for controlling and removing the electrical charge needs to be developed.In this study,by using the electrode-deposited pipet tip(E-pipet tip),the charge-controlling system is newly developed and the electrical charge of a droplet is precisely controlled.The effect of electrolyte concentration and volume of the transferred solution to the electrical charge of a dispensed droplet is theoretically and experimentally investigated by using the equivalent capacitor model.Furthermore,a proof-of-concept example of the self-alignment and self-assembly of sequentially dispensed multiple droplets is demonstrated as one of the potential applications.Given that the electrical charge of the various aqueous droplets can be precisely and simply controlled,the fabricated E-pipet tip can be broadly utilized not only as a general charge-controlling platform of aqueous droplets but also as a powerful tool to explore fundamental scientific research regarding electrical charge of a droplet,such as the surface oscillation and evaporation of charged droplets.
文摘We have explored a model of vacuum self-organization based on dissipative dynamics and recurrent self-interactions. The initial state of the vacuum is assumed as self-interacting vacuum dust. The medium is dispersive and resembles dark-energy vacuum as described by general relativity. Beside self-diffusion, vacuum dust endowed with self-attraction, resembling Newton’s gravity. We explored what would happen with this medium when the strength of self-gravitation progressively increases. We observed a cascade of phase transitions. First transition occurs when self-attraction reaches the point when it can balance self-diffusion. A vortex-cellular structure emerges. Vortexes operate as self-sustained oscillators and tend to synchronize their dynamics. They form a synchronized network that possesses a universal time scale and, after zooming out, its structure acquires a form of fiber-bundle structure of electromagnetic field. With increasing self-gravitation strength, the system experiences another phase transition. The fiber-bundle structure becomes resembling that of weak nuclear field. Vacuum cells acquire spinorial dynamics. Electric charges emerge. When synchronized, the weakly interacting cells create lepton-like molecules. Oscillating charges in spinorial cells give a birth to current loops, which magnetic moment linked to the particle spin. During the next phase transition, the cell dynamics experiences another topological transformation, which is accompanied by creation of three color charges. The acquired fiber-bundle structure form resembles that of strong nuclear field. Synchronized strongly interacting vacuum cells create quark-like particles that carry color charges. We associate their complex synchronization patterns with particle flavors. We also explored statistical distributions of vacuum cells as functions of self-gravitation strength. We found that the distribution spectrum is essentially discrete, and the vacuum cells group around the states that we call super-attractive. Discrete cell distribution implies charge quantization. Synchronization transforms initial Boltzmann-like distribution into quantum-like distributions. During phase transitions, cell distributions experience transformations that can be encoded in the chemical potentials of the corresponding states. We found that chemical potentials apparently relate to the coupling constants and mixing angles and amplitudes in the standard model.
文摘The effect of composition and annealing temperature on charge transfer properties, in a donor/acceptor nanocomposites based on poly (2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyhexyl-oxy)-p-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) and MWCNTs functionalized with Polystyrene (PS:MWCNTs), have been investigated. The quenching of photoluminescence (PL) intensity of pure MEH-PPV, by adding different amounts of functionalized carbon nanotubes, exhibits that a photoinduced charge transfer has been occurred. Charge transfer efficiency was obtained for an acceptable concentration of PS:MWCNTs about 0.5 wt% and at annealed temperature of about 80℃. Quenching efficiency studies imply that MEH-PPV/PS:MWCNTs nanocomposites reveal a high degree of PL quenching, reaching a value of η = 76.9%.
文摘The genesis of physical particles is essentially a mystery. Quantum field theory creation operators provide an abstract mechanism by which particles come into existence, but quantum fields do not possess energy density. I reference several recent treatments of this problem and develop ideas based on self-stabilizing field structures with focus on higher order self-induced self-stabilizing field structures. I extend this treatment in this paper to related issues of topological charge.
文摘为解决现有压电能量俘获电路效率低、开关辅助电路结构复杂且能耗高等问题,基于串联同步开关电感(Series Synchronized Switch Harvesting on Inductor,S-SSHI)电路输出功率峰值高和同步电荷提取(Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction,SECE)电路负载范围宽的优点,提出一种具有自供电功能的能量俘获电路。为实现SSSHI电路和SECE电路混合,基于二者开关动作均在压电元件开路电压的极值点,提出了正极值点电压翻转、负极值点电荷提取的策略;设计了两个非对称无源正/负峰值检测电路检测正/负极值,使正/负半周期的工作模式分别为S-SSHI和SECE,从而达到输出功率和负载范围的平衡。通过仿真建模研究所提电路的可行性,验证了所提电路俘能性能优越,输出功率峰值可达SEH电路的4倍,同时具有较宽的负载范围。