社会体育活动中其他参加者的过错认定--以体育规则为分析视角

对于《民法典》第1176条其他参加者故意或者重大过失的认定问题,原则上,体育规则违反与否可以作为认定侵权人主观上具有包含故意以及重大过失的严重过错的一种方法。但并非所有违反体育规则致人损害的行为均可认定为严重过错。判断社会体育侵权过错问题,应当将体育项目类型化,将系争纠纷具体至不同类型体育项目下讨论体育侵权过错问题。对于非对抗性运动,其他参加者违反体育规则致人损害的即认定其为严重过错;对于对抗性运动中隔网对抗运动,违反体育规则造成损害后果的行为亦认定为严重过错;对于对抗性运动中同场竞技运动,应在一般犯规同时该犯规超出了体育运动固有风险以及严重犯规时构成严重过错;对于对抗性运动中格斗对抗类运动,其他参加人违反体育规则造成损害后果的,只能认定为严重过错的必要非充分条件,还应当考量被侵害人的行为。

Analysis of New Model of "Rule by Three Committees" and Discussion on Construction of Villagers' Self-governing Organizations in China

This paper introduces the operation model of "rule by three committees", including the members of "three committees", functional constitution of "three committees", and relationship between restriction and coordination of "three committees". By referring to the villagers' self-governing system in China, and the relevant provisions in Constitution and Village Committee Organization Law, we take into account the legitimacy of "rule by three committees". In terms of the details of system design, we perfect the new model of "rule by three committees" as follows: make the conditions of holding office stringent and ensure the quality requirements of members of "three committees"; standardize the procedures of election, and guarantee the equitable election of members of "three committees"; perfect dismissal procedure, and strengthen the supervision on members of "three committees".

A NEW SELF-ADAPTIVE ITERATIVE METHOD FOR GENERAL MIXED QUASI VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES

The general mixed quasi variational inequality containing a nonlinear term φ is a useful and an important generalization of variational inequalities. The projection method can not be applied to solve this problem due to the presence of nonlinear term. It is well known that the variational inequalities involving the nonlinear term φ are equivalent to the fixed point problems and resolvent equations. In this article, the authors use these alternative equivalent formulations to suggest and analyze a new self-adaptive iterative method for solving general mixed quasi variational inequalities. Global convergence of the new method is proved. An example is given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.

Parameter Self - Learning of Generalized Predictive Control Using BP Neural Network

This paper describes the self—adjustment of some tuning-knobs of the generalized predictive controller(GPC).A three feedforward neural network was utilized to on line learn two key tuning-knobs of GPC,and BP algorithm was used for the training of the linking-weights of the neural network.Hence it gets rid of the difficulty of choosing these tuning-knobs manually and provides easier condition for the wide applications of GPC on industrial plants.Simulation results illustrated the effectiveness of the method.

Self - Crosslinking Behavior of Self - Emulsion Water - Based Polyure-thane Coating Agents

The relation between structures and properties of polyurethane are investigated by modern physical and chemical methods.The results obtained are as follows:the effects of the content of self-crosslinking agent on the properties of polyurethane,i.e.,dispersion stability,dynamical viscoelasticity and mechanical properties are discussed.It is found that the optimum molar ratio of epichlorohydrin and diethylenetriamine is 1:2.A mois-

Culture Self- Consciousness in Transmission of Chinese Philosophy from the Perspective of English Globalization -- Taking the Belt and Road Initiative for Example

The Belt and Road Initiative contains the aspiration of Chinese nation to pursue ideological freedom and desire of strengthening international exchanges and cooperation. This paper takes the Belt and Road Initiative for example,emphasizing the interpretation of the inheritance and development of Chinese culture so as to study the importance of Culture Self-Consciousness in Chinese Philosophy,in the context of English globalization. That is to say,this paper stresses the spirits and the stand of nation 's demonstration on pursuing peace,cooperation and sustainable development in the civilization continuity from traditional China to the contemporary China,with practical philosophic view.

On Self-growing Modeling for Curves

This paper presents a novel curve modeling method based on controlling rules of the shaping technique. The method describes the curve based on steplength and turning angle, and the characteristics of the curve near a point. Then it introduces the process to extract ＂growing-rules＂for 2D and 3D curves described by familiar analytical expressions and curvature-torsion expressions. Examples of self-growing modeling for familiar analytical curves are presented. New curves are obtained by designing the grow-rules; corresponding examples are also presented.

Mixed Self-adapting GA Optimal Scheduling Algorithm for a Multiple Resource Job-shop

With an aim at the job-shop scheduling problem of multiple resource constraints, this paper presents mixed self-adapting Genetic Algorithm （ GA ） , and establishes a job-shop optimal scheduling model of multiple resource constraints based on the effect of priority scheduling rules in the heuristic algorithm upon the scheduling target. New coding regulations or rules are designed. The sinusoidal function is adopted as the self-adapting factor, thus making cross probability and variable probability automatically change with group adaptability in such a way as to overcome the shortcoming in the heuristic algorithm and common GA, so that the operation efficiency is improved. The results from real example simulation and comparison with other algorithms indicate that the mixed self-adapting GA algorithm can well solve the job-shop optimal scheduling problem under the constraints of various kinds of production resources such as machine-tools and cutting tools.

“三治融合”何以赋能农村集体公益设施建设和管护——基于内生动力的视角

内生动力不足是困扰农村集体公益设施建设和管护的重要因素。文章以西安市长安区四皓村美丽乡村建设为例,分析“三治融合”如何激发内生动力进而赋能农村集体公益设施建设和管护:首先,“三治融合”构成的农村“现代公共规则”与农村发展内生动力中的认同、参与、资源等基本要素相嵌合;其次,以党组织为核心的组织机构,通过“三治融合”的治理模式,形成内外部力量的有效互动,构建不同价值的双重循环,搭建个体与集体间的利益关联,产生农村集体公益设施建设和管护中的内驱力;最后,乡村公共事务治理不能仅依赖外部力量的介入,内外力量的互动是农村发展过程中内生动力生成的逻辑前提,构建村民个体与村社共同体的关联和认同是关键。

“三治融合”视域下乡村“积分制”治理运行机制研究——基于四川省Y村的个案研究

“三治融合”是宏观层面对乡村治理的政策指引,乡村“积分制”治理正是“三治融合”理念的应用。文章以“三治融合”理念为视角,基于治理组织、治理工具、治理目标三个维度构成的治理逻辑,分析论证“三治融合”理念和乡村“积分制”治理运作机理的同一性;依据治理逻辑和运作机理,构建由起始动力机制、协调助力机制和激励保障机制形成的乡村“积分制”治理实践运行机制;通过把握乡村“积分制”治理实践运行机制,提出从构建多元治理主体协同参与的共建共治格局、运用制度和技术工具、建立因地制宜的积分评价考核机制和激励政策等方面优化完善乡村“积分制”治理,以期推动乡村治理方式的创新化发展。

法治与形式原则的性能:以形式与实质关系为中心

法治理论的争论主题之一是形式与实质的关系,其中涉及形式原则的性能。形式原则的性能可以从三个方面检视:形式性、自足性、充分性。形式原则具有形式性,但是并非纯粹,它们可能关涉法律规范的内容安排以及实质价值在规范内容上的贯彻效果,它们的解释适用也会受到实质价值的影响。形式原则具有指引法治实践的能力,但是并不自足,其自身无法解决遵守程度和例外问题,也无法消弭不同原则间的内在张力。对于有限、抽象的法治构成目标来说,形式原则可以作为构成条件,然而对于更具实践性的法治实现目标而言,就不敷其用了。法律的形式与实质相互联系,相互塑造。当法治对法律的形式提出要求,实践这种要求难免会牵连法律的实质。法治不可缺少形式原则,但是形式原则并非如通常想象的那样纯粹、自足和万能。

Zipf’s Law, Benford’s Law, and Pareto Rule

From a basic probabilistic argumentation, the Zipfian distribution and Benford’s law are derived. It is argued that Zipf’s law fits to calculate the rank probabilities of identical indistinguishable objects and that Benford’s distribution fits to calculate the rank probabilities of distinguishable objects. i.e. in the distribution of words in long texts all the words in a given rank are identical, therefore, the rank distribution is Zipfian. In logarithmic tables, the objects with identical 1st digits are distinguishable as there are many different digits in the 2nd, 3rd… places, etc., and therefore the distribution is according to Benford’s law. Pareto 20 - 80 rule is shown to be an outcome of Benford’s distribution as when the number of ranks is about 10 the probability of 20% of the high probability ranks is equal to the probability of the rest of 80% low probability ranks. It is argued that all these distributions, including the central limit theorem, are outcomes of Planck’s law and are the result of the quantization of energy. This argumentation may be considered a physical origin of probability.

证券仲裁的禀赋特性与制度创新:自愿性与强制性的冲突与调和

随着证券市场纵深发展和2019年《证券法》确立特别代表人诉讼,我国证券纠纷数量急剧增长。为保障证券纠纷高效处理和投资者合法权益,证监会、司法部于2021年制定了《关于依法开展证券期货行业仲裁试点的意见》。然而,我国对证券仲裁的规制尚不完善,而美国FINRA规则和联邦最高法院Concepcion案判决具有重要启示意义。本文梳理了我国和美国证券仲裁制度的历史发展和现行规则,比较分析了证券仲裁的自愿性和强制性规制模式。鉴于证券仲裁的禀赋特性,我国应从利益平衡角度规制证券仲裁,不能完全照搬美国证券强制性仲裁格式条款规制模式,但可借鉴其在证券.仲裁中增加强制性的经验,在允许当事人自愿选择仲裁的基础上,采用默认选择仲裁的规定。在尊重当事人意思自治的前提下,我国应对证券强制仲裁的格式条款具有更大的包容度,以实现快速解决证券纠纷和妥善保护投资者的多重政策目标。我国法律应循序渐进地建立集团仲裁制度,借鉴代表人诉讼的实践经验,先发展普通代表人仲裁的模式,然后探索特别代表人仲裁制度。

美国对自决原则的立场演变分析

自决原则兴起于两次世界大战期间,是二战后确立的国际规则体系的主要内容之一,但在冷战特别是后冷战时期面临着日益严峻的冲击和挑战。本文以两次世界大战期间、二战结束初期、非殖民化及冷战时期、后冷战时期等国际秩序发生重大变动的四个时期为基础,结合自决原则兴起、制度化、扩散和重塑等不同阶段,分析美国在霸权的不同时期对待自决原则的立场和行动差异。在自决理念的兴起阶段,虽然美国与苏联都是该理念的重要倡导者,但是威尔逊与列宁所倡导的自决理念存在重大的差异,包括自决理论的政治和意识形态起源的不同,以及对实施自决的态度差异。这决定了两次世界大战期间美国对自决原则支持的限度,也加速了美国在价值和利益层面与世界非殖民化进程的背离。自决原则在二战后的制度化及扩散阶段,美国与苏联及广大新独立国家围绕自决原则的内涵及适用性展开了激烈争论,美国公开反对新独立国家保障经济、社会和文化发展权利,以及实现经济自决的诉求。美国对自决原则最直接的挑战体现在它对该原则的修正主义立场和行动,一是将自决意识形态化和工具化,二是以“人权高于主权”对自决原则进行重塑。与美国鼓吹“以规则为基础的国际秩序”而将自身塑造为国际规则的创建者和领导者的形象不同,美国并非自决原则的唯一倡导者,而是规范争论者;既非自决原则的一贯遵守者,而是修正主义者。美国对自决原则的结果性逻辑决定了它的立场和行动。

营商环境法治化三维论

市场秩序稳定公平、规则透明公开、法治公正、投资可预期的营商环境,是投资主体实现投资自由便利制度的核心价值所现。推进政府职能新定位,强化“放管服”,放宽市场主体准入等,是优化营商环境的基本环节。自由度是主体最活跃的动力源和策源地,政府确保“中立地位”,促进主体公平竞争和实施反垄断,维护所有市场主体都享有平等、自由、公平竞争机制。便利度是彰显政府向市场主体提供快速实现自由度的便捷化、快捷化和效率化的社会效应程度,核心在于强化市场主体获得从商活动权利能力的快捷、简便、高效行为状态等。创新度是市场主体实现自由度与便利度融合发展处于动态的追求状态,显现了优化营商环境持续创新的法治动力。政府干预与市场调节有机协同调控,做大主体自由度,提升主体更多便利度,促进营商环境的持续创新优化。自由、便利与创新,已成为优化营商环境的路径选择,创新成为优化营商环境的否定之否定规律。自由度、便利度与创新度的辩证关系价值,成为引导探寻优化营商环境的立足点、突破点和发力点。

论中国式现代化与法治的关系

党的二十大和党的二十届三中全会先后提出并发展完善了中国式现代化与法治关系这一重大时代命题。法治不仅是世界现代化国家的共同特征之一,更是中国式现代化实现的重要保障。基于世界各国现代化的历史逻辑、习近平法治思想的理论逻辑、中国实现现代化的实践逻辑,推进中国式现代化必须在法治轨道上实现。世界范围内比较成熟的3条法治化道路均不适合中国,惟有走符合中国特色的自我构建式法治道路。自我构建式道路由坚持中国共产党领导、坚持以人民为中心、贯彻中国特色社会主义法治理论3项原则,以及传承中国优秀传统法律文化、用法典表达法律的历史惯性、依法治国与以德治国相结合的优良传统、以调止讼的东方智慧4项构成组建而成。

习近平文化思想的法治底蕴、底色和底气

习近平文化思想和习近平法治思想分别构成了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的“文化篇”和“法治篇”。法治文化是两种思想在习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想两个独立分领域的耦合之处生发出的、具有高度关联性和契合性的思想精华,激活了习近平文化思想的法治底蕴、底色和底气。习近平文化思想的法治底蕴植根马克思主义法治文化观,深扎中华优秀传统法律文化,汲取世界法治文化精华,延绵红色法治文化,不断发展和创新中国特色社会主义法治文化建设的伟大实践。习近平文化思想的法治底色凸显了良法之治、公平之治、信仰之治、制度之化、精神之化、人本之化的价值理念,实现了文化中的法治与法治中的文化休戚与共。习近平文化思想的法治底气源自科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法的全过程,推动习近平文化思想和习近平法治思想深入人心、指导实践,为建设社会主义文化强国和法治强国提供坚定的信念伟力、持久的思想定力和巨大的前进动力。

平台自我革命:党的思想领导法规之整合适用论

党的思想领导法规是对党的思想建设内容和任务上的革新性规范表达。在推进党的自我革命方面往往强调依托相应的思想整合平台,以承载各类要素促进党思想领导活动的实现。作为党领导下人民形成共识的重要思想整合平台,政治协商平台旨在通过面向各类利益需求与观点表达的充分协商,切实推动纲领式原则宣示逐步落实为具象化组织规范表达。阐释思想整合平台规范指引相应协商沟通、交流活动的事项范围和要旨,主要可以从平台建制和平台运营两个方面展开。思想整合平台建制事项旨在凸显思想整合沟通实践在沟通关系、行为维度的结构定性,并围绕体系架构和功能目标来设定必要的载体结构规范。思想整合平台运营事项旨在凸显思想整合交流实践在交流资格、目标与程序维度的过程控制,并围绕人员身份、职能事项和行动环节来设定必要的活动控制方式。明晰这两个方面的协商适用自我革命规范事项,有助于党和其他社会成员的观点的有效表达和沟通交流,并经过平台的整合作用达成一致。

BOD_5-DO参数反问题偶合模型的研究

根据反问题理论和离散反演算法建立了 BOD5- DO参数反问题偶合模型 ,并推导出偶合模型的参数解式。对复氧系数、耗氧系数、沉淀 -再悬浮系数、光合作用产氧 -生物呼吸耗氧系数和自净系数随空间变化规律进行了定量计算 ,为河流水体自净规律的研究开辟了新途径。

融合自组织映射与Wang-Mendel方法的模糊规则提取

为解决经典Wang-Mendel方法提取模糊规则时得到的规则数目较多的问题,该文提出一个融合自组织映射(SOM)网络和Wang-Mendel方法的规则提取方案。利用SOM对原始样本进行学习,再使用Wang-Mendel方法从SOM的原型向量中提取规则。因为SOM的原型向量学习得到了原始样本的模式分布规律,并且原型向量的数量远小于原始学习样本的数量,所以该方法降低了提取的规则数目及耗费时间。有关混沌时间序列预测的实验结果表明了该文方法的有效性。