Surface and Content Validity of an Advanced Beginner Nurse’s Self-Monitoring Scale While Multitasking

Background: Self-monitoring is important for recognizing the situations one is facing and assessing one’s own competence to respond appropriately to situations that require multitasking. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the surface and content validity of the Advanced Beginner Nurses’ Self-Monitoring Scale While Multitasking and refine the scale items accordingly. It is expected that the development of such scale will allow for reflection on advanced beginner nurses’ response to multitasking, leading to further capacity building. Methods: The surface validity of 96 items of the Advanced Beginner Nurses’ Self-Monitoring Scale While Multitasking was examined at a meeting with five expert researchers. Five researchers and five nurses examined the items’ content using an item-level content validity index through a questionnaire survey. Results and Conclusion: The Advanced Beginner Nurses’ Self-Monitoring Scale While Multitasking was organized into 73 items that were refined into scales with surface and content validity. Consequently, five sub-concepts were identified: recognizing the situation one’s facing, seeing one’s self from multiple perspectives, devising concrete strategies depending on the situation, considering a predictable time schedule, and being aware of the situation surrounding one’s self. In the future, it will be necessary to examine the reliability and validity of the scale.

多尺度特征和极化自注意力的Faster-RCNN水漂垃圾识别

针对小目标水漂垃圾形态多变、分辨率低且信息有限,导致检测效果不理想的问题,提出一种改进的Faster-RCNN(Faster Regions with Convolutional Neural Network)水漂垃圾检测算法MP-Faster-RCNN(Faster-RCNN with Multi-scale feature and Polarized self-attention)。首先,建立黄河兰州段小目标水漂垃圾数据集,将空洞卷积结合ResNet-50代替原来的VGG-16(Visual Geometry Group 16)作为主干特征提取网络,扩大感受野以提取更多小目标特征;其次,在区域生成网络(RPN)利用多尺度特征,设置3×3和1×1的两层卷积,补偿单一滑动窗口造成的特征丢失;最后,在RPN前加入极化自注意力,进一步利用多尺度和通道特征提取更细粒度的多尺度空间信息和通道间依赖关系,生成具有全局特征的特征图,实现更精确的目标框定位。实验结果表明,MP-Faster-RCNN能有效提高水漂垃圾检测精度,与原始Faster-RCNN相比,平均精度均值(mAP)提高了6.37个百分点,模型大小从521 MB降到了108 MB,且在同一训练批次下收敛更快。

基于MDS和改进SSA-SVM的高速铁路道岔故障诊断方法研究

针对高速铁路道岔设备故障频繁,现场维修工作量大等问题,提出基于多维尺度缩放法(MDS)和改进麻雀搜索算法(SSA)优化支持向量机(SVM)的高速铁路道岔故障诊断模型。首先以ZDJ9道岔转换功率曲线为研究对象,总结现场典型道岔故障类型及故障原因,分别提取道岔功率曲线的时域、频域特征指标以及小波包能量熵,组成特征指标向量;其次采用MDS方法进行多维特征指标的降维优化,建立道岔故障特征指标样本数据库;最后利用改进Circle混沌映射初始化种群,并通过自适应t分布增强麻雀种群的多样性,再以改进SSA算法优化SVM模型中的惩罚因子和核函数方差2个关键参数,构建改进SSA-SVM的道岔故障诊断模型。故障诊断结果表明,本模型的故障诊断正确率高达96.25%,诊断效果优于其他方法,可以为道岔设备的故障维修提供理论依据。

LNG-Transformer:基于多尺度信息交互的图像分类网络

鉴于Transformer的Self-Attention机制具有优秀的表征能力,许多研究者提出了基于Self-Attention机制的图像处理模型,并取得了巨大成功。然而,基于Self-Attention的传统图像分类网络无法兼顾全局信息和计算复杂度,限制了Self-Attention的广泛应用。文中提出了一种有效的、可扩展的注意力模块Local Neighbor Global Self-Attention(LNG-SA),该模块在任意时期都能进行局部信息、邻居信息和全局信息的交互。通过重复级联LNG-SA模块,设计了一个全新的网络,称为LNG-Transformer。该网络整体采用层次化结构,具有优秀的灵活性,其计算复杂度与图像分辨率呈线性关系。LNG-SA模块的特性使得LNG-Transformer即使在早期的高分辨率阶段,也可以进行局部信息、邻居信息和全局信息的交互,从而带来更高的效率、更强的学习能力。实验结果表明,LNG-Transformer在图像分类任务中具有良好的性能。

基于自评-主观全面评定量表的个体化护理干预对2型糖尿病肾病患者营养状态的影响

目的探究基于自评-主观全面评定量表的个体化护理干预在2型糖尿病肾病患者中的应用价值。方法随机选取2019年5月—2022年12月淄博市中医医院接诊的80例2型糖尿病肾病患者为研究对象,根据不同护理干预方法分为对照组(n=40)、研究组(n=40)。对照组实施常规护理干预,研究组实施基于自评-主观全面评定量表的个体化护理干预。比较两组患者护理干预前及护理干预3个月后的饮食习惯量表(Eat-ing Habits Questionnaire,EHQ)评分、微型营养评价量表(Mini Nutritional Assessment,MNA)评分、生活质量评分及饮食行为依从性。结果干预后,研究组EHQ评分为(7.09±1.34)分,高于对照组的(6.31±1.21)分,差异有统计学意义(t=2.732,P<0.05)。研究组饮食行为依从性、MNA评分、生活质量评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论2型糖尿病肾病患者实施基于自评-主观全面评定量表的个体化护理干预,可培养健康饮食习惯,提高饮食行为依从性,并改善营养状况,提高患者生活质量。

Image Tamper Detection and Multi-Scale Self-Recovery Using Reference Embedding with Multi-Rate Data Protection

This paper proposes a multi-scale self-recovery(MSSR)approach to protect images against content forgery.The main idea is to provide more resistance against image tampering while enabling the recovery process in a multi-scale quality manner.In the proposed approach,the reference data composed of several parts and each part is protected by a channel coding rate according to its importance.The first part,which is used to reconstruct a rough approximation of the original image,is highly protected in order to resist against higher tampering rates.Other parts are protected with lower rates according to their importance leading to lower tolerable tampering rate(TTR),but the higher quality of the recovered images.The proposed MSSR approach is an efficient solution for the main disadvantage of the current methods,which either recover a tampered image in low tampering rates or fails when tampering rate is above the TTR value.The simulation results on 10000 test images represent the efficiency of the multi-scale self-recovery feature of the proposed approach in comparison with the existing methods.

Measurement invariance and latent mean differences of the Chinese version physical activity self-efficacy scale across gender and education levels

Background: Self-efficacy has been identified as an important determinant of youth's behavior change including physical activity(PA) participation. However, the dimensionality check of a PA self-efficacy scale has rarely been conducted in China. The current study aims to examine(1) the unidimensionality of a shortened Chinese version of PA self-efficacy scale(S-PASESC);(2) the measurement invariance of S-PASESC across gender and levels of education;(3) the latent factor mean difference between gender and levels of education;(4) the direct effects of self-efficacy on PA by different gender and education levels; and(5) the comparisons of the direct effects of self-efficacy on PA across gender and education levels.Methods: The participants were 5 th through 11 th grade public school students recruited from 7 cities located in different geographic regions of China. The final data include a total of 3003 participants(49.7% boys) who have completed the scales.Results: Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) test supported the unidimensionality of S-PASESC. The S-PASESC is invariant across gender and 3 levels of education at both configural, full metric, and full scalar levels. Findings from latent mean comparisons showed that boys reported higher PA self-efficacy than girls. Students' perceived PA self-efficacy tend to decrease from elementary to high school. Finally, self-efficacy positively related to PA by groups of different gender and education levels and the relationship between self-efficacy and PA is stronger among middle school boys than girls.Conclusion: Findings suggest S-PASESC is a valid scale for measuring Chinese students' PA self-efficacy.

基于检测增强型YOLOv3-tiny的道路场景行人检测

为了给驾驶员提供实时准确的行人信息、减少交通事故的发生,提出一种检测增强型YOLOv3-tiny(detection of enhanced YOLOv3-tiny,DOEYT)行人检测算法.创建鲁棒的特征提取网络,首先使用非对称最大池化进行下采样,防止随着感受野增大行人横向特征的丢失;其次使用Hardswish作为卷积层的激活函数优化网络性能;最后使用GC(globe context)自注意力机制获得全文特征信息.在分类回归网络部分,采用三尺度检测策略,提升小尺度行人目标的检测精度;使用k-means++算法重新生成数据集锚框,提高网络收敛速度.构建行人检测数据集并分为训练集和测试集,对DOEYT算法的性能进行试验验证.结果表明,非对称最大池化、Hardswish函数、GC自注意力机制分别使平均准确率AP提高14.4%、7.9%、10.8%;DOEYT算法在测试集上检测的平均准确率高达91.2%,检测速度为103帧/s,可见该算法可快速准确地检测行人,降低交通事故发生的风险.

国际学习投入测评研究进展与反思--基于国际文献的系统性综述

学习投入作为学生学习和发展的关键过程,其测评广受研究者和一线教师的关注。鉴于国内研究较少,本研究对国际权威数据库收录的学习投入自评量表开发研究进行系统性综述,通过对比其差异,分析学习投入概念理解与测量评估上的分歧与共识。研究发现,学习投入概念主要有15种界定方式,3个关键特征;分类方式多元,普遍包含2~8个维度;测量内容包含22个要素,暗含四种相互交织的逻辑向度。本研究进而指出当前国际学习投入量表开发研究四个亟待解决的问题:指标、影响因素和结果混淆,理论结构认识混乱,群体互动机制尚未明晰,忽视情感与认知策略的共同实现机制。

国内孤独症儿童家长心理健康水平监测:基于SCL-90量表的元分析

为了解我国孤独症儿童家长心理健康水平,并探究影响孤独症儿童家长心理健康状况的调节因素,以“孤独症儿童”“家长”“心理健康”为关键词从中国知网、万方、维普数据库搜集建库至2023年6月在国内期刊公开发表的运用SCL-90量表测量我国孤独症儿童家长心理健康状况的相关文献,共有11篇文献入选,有效样本量15个,被试825人。元分析结果显示,与1986年常模和2010年常模相比,孤独症儿童家长心理健康水平明显低于普通成人,且焦虑因子最为突出;异质性检验提示结果效应量明显异质,进一步的调节效应分析显示,3—7岁孤独症儿童组家长更容易出现心理健康问题,西部地区家长明显比中部和东部地区家长心理健康问题严重;家长性别、检出时间与心理健康水平无显著性相关。

Development of a Dietary Habit Self-Management Skills Scale for Post-Gastrectomy Cancer Patients in Japan

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to develop a Dietary Habit Self-Management Skill (DHSMS) scale, and to test the reliability and validity of this scale. Methods: A questionnaire survey was then conducted using a 69-item DHSMS scale (second draft) for which content validity had been confirmed. The participants were post-gastrectomy cancer patients aged from 40 to under 80 years who had undergone initial gastrectomy with an interval of from 1 month since discharge to <3 years post-operative. Results: The scale is a second-order factor model with “Dietary habit self-management skills” as a higher-order factor, four factors—”Skill to form partnerships with other important people”, “Skill to prevent or cope with post-gastrectomy disorder”, “Skill to grasp issues accompanying post-gastrectomy disorder”, and “Self-efficacy”—and 27 items. The construct validity of the scale was confirmed. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the DHSMS scale was 0.915. The criterion- related validity of the DHSMS scale was confirmed based on the correlations between overall DHSMS scale scores and “Number of post-gastrectomy disorder symptoms experienced”, the score for the subscale “Skill to grasp issues accompanying post-gastrectomy disorder” and “Number of post-gastrectomy disorder symptoms experienced”, and the subscale “Self-efficacy” and the SF-8. Discussion: By using patients’ self-administered DHSMS scale scores, medical professionals are able to assess the level of a patient’s self-management skills and the status of their dietary habits as a result of post-gastrectomy disorder.

老年AECOPD患者血NT-proBNP和NLR水平变化与CAT量表评分相关性研究

目的探讨老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者血N-末端氨基脑钠肽前体(NT-ProBNP)和中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)水平变化与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者自我评估测试(CAT)量表评分相关性。方法选取2021年3月至2022年6月就诊于九江市第一人民医院的80例老年AECOPD患者为研究对象,根据第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV_(1)%Pred)分为轻中度组(38例)和重度组(42例)。比较两组患者治疗前后的NT-ProBNP、C反应蛋白(CRP)、NLR、CAT、呼吸困难问卷(mMRC)、圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评分差异,分析NT-ProBNP、NLR、CRP与CAT、mMRC、SGRQ评分的相关性。结果治疗前,重度组患者的NT-ProBNP、NLR、CRP水平和CAT、mMRC、SGRQ评分高于轻中度组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者的NT-ProBNP、NLR、CRP水平和CAT、mMRC、SGRQ评分均低于本组治疗前,而重度组患者的NT-ProBNP、NLR、CRP水平和CAT、mMRC、SGRQ评分高于轻中度组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。老年AECOPD患者治疗前后的NT-ProBNP、NLR、CRP水平与CAT、mMRC、SGRQ量表评分均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论外周血NT-ProBNP、NLR、CRP治疗前后水平的改变与CAT、mMRC、SGRQ三种量表评分相结合的方法对评估老年AECOPD病情严重程度具有良好的临床应用价值。

刚性滑板-复位橡胶免承压支座隔震结构振动台试验

研发了一种新型自复位滑移摩擦隔震支座,该支座竖向支承和水平复位元件相互独立分离,摩擦耗能和自复位功能分别由刚性滑块和弹性橡胶完成。阐述了该支座基本构造及工作原理,提出并检验了该型支座的理论恢复力模型。设计并制作了3层装配式钢框架足尺模型,选用2条天然波及1条人工波,对基础隔震及非隔震结构进行7度(0.15g)多遇、设防及罕遇地震的地震模拟振动台试验。结果表明:新型支座的各组成部分本构关系独立明确、传力路径清晰,便于组装更换;采用该支座的隔震结构在各水准地震作用下的地震反应明显小于非隔震结构,隔震效果随试验地震动峰值加速度的增大而趋于显著;隔震层滞回曲线饱满,可有效吸收耗散地震能量,各支座始终保持较好的竖向稳定性,未出现倾覆提离现象,震后结构隔震层复位良好。

Universal hierarchical symmetry for turbulence and general multi-scale fluctuation systems

Scaling is an important measure of multi-scale fluctuation systems. Turbulence as the most remarkable multi-scale system possesses scaling over a wide range of scales. She-Leveque （SL） hierarchical symmetry, since its publication in 1994, has received wide attention. A number of experimental, numerical and theoretical work have been devoted to its verification, extension, and modification. Application to the understanding of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, motions of cosmic baryon fluids, cosmological supersonic turbulence, natural image, spiral turbulent patterns, DNA anomalous composition, human heart variability are just a few among the most successful examples. A number of modified scaling laws have been derived in the framework of the hierarchical symmetry, and the SL model parameters are found to reveal both the organizational order of the whole system and the properties of the most significant fluctuation structures. A partial set of work related to these studies are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the nature of the hierarchical symmetry. It is suggested that the SL hierarchical symmetry is a new form of the self-organization principle for multi-scale fluctuation systems, and can be employed as a standard analysis tool in the general multi-scale methodology. It is further suggested that the SL hierarchical symmetry implies the existence of a turbulence ensemble. It is speculated that the search for defining the turbulence ensemble might open a new way for deriving statistical closure equations for turbulence and other multi-scale fluctuation systems.

GMAS、MMAS-8和SEAMS评估慢性病病人用药依从性效能的比较

目的:比较普适性药物依从性量表(GMAS)、Morisky服药依从性测量量表(MMAS-8)、合理用药自我效能量表(SEAMS)在慢性病病人中的应用效果,为临床选择有价值的慢性病用药依从性评估工具提供参考。方法:于2021年10月—2022年2月选取在天津市3所医疗机构就诊的270例成年慢性病病人为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、GMAS、MMAS-8、SEAMS进行用药依从性评估,并以MAQ作为效度评价标准,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线、Bayes判别分析、Kappa一致性检验和阳性似然比对3种慢性病用药依从性评估工具进行比较。结果:以MAQ为评价标准,270例病人中用药依从性差者122例(45.2%)。GMAS、MMAS-8、SEAMS评分的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.981,0.984,0.917,灵敏度分别为0.987,0.993,0.676,特异度分别为0.926,0.943,0.951,约登指数分别为0.913,0.936,0.627(P<0.001)。GMAS、MMAS-8和SEAMS对评估慢性病病人用药依从性的交叉检验准确率分别为89.6%、97.0%和80.7%,与MAQ评估结果的一致性检验Kappa值分别为0.917,0.940,0.608(P<0.001),阳性似然比分别为13.367,17.303,13.734。结论:3种量表在评估慢性病病人是否存在用药依从性不佳风险时均有较高价值,其中MMAS-8评估慢性病病人用药依从性的效能最高,GMAS量表次之,最后是SEAMS,提示研究人员可根据研究对象个性化特点和研究目的针对性地选择评估工具,有助于准确识别用药依从性不佳的慢性病病人并早期开展干预。

Psychometric properties and characteristics of the Diabetes Self Management Scale

Objective:Assessing diabetes self care management is essential for nursing care for diabetes.There is a need to have valid and reliable scales that assess the actual performance of diabetes self management,The purpose of this study was to revise and conduct psychometric testing and analysis of the Diabetes Self Management Scale(DSMS).Methods:A cross-sectional methodological design was used.A convenience sample was used and 78 adults with diabetes and taking insulin from five sites in the Midwest area of the U.S participated in the study.Reliability analysis was done using Ferketich techniques to make decisions about whether any given item should be retained or deleted.Results:A descriptive analysis for the 60 items of the scale was conducted;several items had low variability compared to the other items on the scale.The correlation matrices showed that a total of 20 items had poor item characteristics.These 20 items were deleted resulting in developing 40-item version of the scale.The 40-item scale had high level of internal consistency(Cronbach'sα=0.947).The validity testing of the 40-item scale was guided by the Research Model for Diabetes Self Care Management;results were congruent with the model and showed strong correlation with self efficacy,moderate correlation with self care agency,and weak correlation with diabetes knowledge.Conclusion:The items and the scale(DSMS)have undergone careful psychometric testing.The 40-item DSMS is a reliable and valid instrument to measure diabetes self care management among people with diabetes.

Simulation and visualization of the displacement between CO2 and formation fluids at pore-scale levels and its application to the recovery of shale gas

This article reports recent developments and advances in the simulation of the CO2-formation fluid displacement behaviour at the pore scale of subsurface porous media. Roughly, there are three effective visualization approaches to detect and observe the CO2-formation fluid displacement mechanism at the micro-scale, namely, magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray computed tomography and fabricated micromodels, but they are not capable of investigating the dis- placement process at the nano-scale. Though a lab-on-chip approach for the direct visualization of the fluid flow behaviour in nanoscale channels has been developed using an advanced epi-fluorescence microscopy method combined with a nanofluidic chip, it is still a qualitative analysis method. The lattice Boltzmann method （LBM） can simulate the CO2 displacement processes in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional （3D） pore structure, but until now, the CO2 displace- ment mechanisms had not been thoroughly investigated and the 3D pore structure of real rock had not been directly taken into account in the simulation of the CO2 displacement process. The status of research on the applications of CO2 displacement to enhance shale gas recovery is also analyzed in this paper. The coupling of molecular dynamics and LBM in tandem is proposed to simulate the CO2-shale gas displacement process based on the 3D digital model of shale obtained from focused ion beams and scanning electron microscopy.

面向跌倒行人的MP-YOLOv5检测模型

跌倒是高龄人群及复杂作业环境中工人死伤的重要因素,针对原始YOLOv5模型漏检、错检、小目标检测效果差等问题,提出一种MP-YOLOv5检测模型,自建跌倒行人数据集用于跌倒检测研究。为增强Backbone的特征提取能力,设计了深度自注意力变换模块(transformer C3,TRC3),运用多头自注意力(multi-head self-attention,MHSA)模型,拓展网络关注不同位置局部信息的能力,捕捉更丰富的上下文信息;针对原始模型feature map分辨率不足的问题,在YOLOv5原有的模型上增加1个prediction head用于小目标检测,使模型更敏锐地识别小目标;为削弱复杂背景对网络特征提取的干扰,提出一种改进的压缩和激励网络(squeeze-and-excitation network,SENet),有助于网络更精确地关注跌倒姿态;引入软非极大值抑制(soft non-maximum suppression,Soft-NMS)替换YOLOv5原始的NMS降低了漏检率。实验结果表明,在不影响算法识别速度的情况下,MP-YOLOv5跌倒行人检测训练集的mAP从97.62%提升至98.87%,证明了MP-YOLOv5模型比未改进的YOLOv5模型更能满足行人跌倒检测的要求。

HARMONIC, SUBHARMONIC, SUPERHARMONIC, SIMULTANEOUS SUB/SUPER HARMONIC AND COMBINATION RESONANCES OF SELF-EXCITED TWO COUPLED SECOND ORDER SYSTEMS TO MULTI-FREQUENCY EXCITATION

Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic, simultaneous sub/super harmonic, and combination resonances of the additive type of self-excited two coupled-second order systems to multi-frequency excitation are investigated. The theoretical results are obtained by the multiple-scales method. The steady state amplitudes for each resonance are plotted, showing the influence of the different parameters. Analysis for each figure is given. Approximate solution corresponding to each type of resonance is determined. Stability analyses are carried out for each case.

MULTI-SCALE DUAL-PHASE CYCLIC PLASTICITY WITH QUANTITATIVE TRANSITIONS AND SIZE EFFECTS OF LAYERED STRUCTURES

A method is developed for cyclic elastoplastic analysis acrossmicro/meso/macro scales which is effective forte quantitativetransition of physical variables and for evaluating the size effectsof microstruc- tures. By using the improved self-consistent schemeproposed by Fan and carrying out a delicate mesoscop- ic analysisbased on a shear-lag model, the size effects including the thicknessof hard and soft layers relative to the inclusion dimension areobtained on the overall elastoplastic responses of materials up to 50cycles. The dominant characteristics of the analysis are that thecharacteristic dimension of a microstructure such as The thickness ofthe layers and the inclusion dimension can be explicitly incorporatedinto the formulation.