Thermoreversible Thickening and Self-assembly Behaviors of pH/Temperature Dually Responsive Microgels with Interpenetrating Polymer Network Structure

The pH /temperature dually responsive microgels of interpenetrating polymer network( IPN) structure composed of poly( N-isopropylacrylamide)( PNIPAM) network and poly( acrylic acid)( PAA) network( PNIPAM /PAA IPN microgels) were synthesized by seed emulsion polymerization. The results obtained by dynamic laser light scattering( DLLS) show that the microgels have good pH /temperature dual sensitivities. The temperature sensitive component and the pH sensitive component inside the microgels have little interference with each other. The rheological properties of the concentrated PNIPAM /PAA IPN microgel dispersions as a function of temperature at pH 4. 0 or 7. 0 were investigated by viscometer,and the results displayed that only at pH 7. 0 the dispersions presented thermoreversible thickening behavior. Then the PNIPAM /PAA fibers were prepared by self-assembly of the PNIPAM /PAA IPN microgels in the ice-crystal templates formed by unidirectional liquid nitrogen freezing method. Field emission scanning electron microscopy( FESEM) images indicate that the PNIPAM /PAA fibers are rounded,randomly orientated and interweaved.

Numerical simulation and optimization of red mud separation thickener with self-dilute feed

In order to acquire the flow pattern and investigate the settling behavior of the red mud in the separation thickener,computational fluid dynamics(CFD),custom subroutines and agglomerates settling theory were employed to simulate the three-dimensional flow field in an industrial scale thickener with the introduction of a self-dilute feed system.The simulation results show good agreement with the measurement onsite and the flow patterns of the thickener are presented and discussed on both velocity and concentration field.Optimization experiments on feed well and self-dilute system were also carried out,and indicate that the optimal thickener system can dilute the solid concentration in feed well from 110 g/L to 86 g/L which would help the agglomerates' formation and improve the red mud settling speed.Furthermore,the additional power of recirculation pump can be saved and flocculants dosage was reduced from 105g/t to 85g/t in the operation.

Parameter Self - Learning of Generalized Predictive Control Using BP Neural Network

This paper describes the self—adjustment of some tuning-knobs of the generalized predictive controller(GPC).A three feedforward neural network was utilized to on line learn two key tuning-knobs of GPC,and BP algorithm was used for the training of the linking-weights of the neural network.Hence it gets rid of the difficulty of choosing these tuning-knobs manually and provides easier condition for the wide applications of GPC on industrial plants.Simulation results illustrated the effectiveness of the method.

Self - Crosslinking Behavior of Self - Emulsion Water - Based Polyure-thane Coating Agents

The relation between structures and properties of polyurethane are investigated by modern physical and chemical methods.The results obtained are as follows:the effects of the content of self-crosslinking agent on the properties of polyurethane,i.e.,dispersion stability,dynamical viscoelasticity and mechanical properties are discussed.It is found that the optimum molar ratio of epichlorohydrin and diethylenetriamine is 1:2.A mois-

Culture Self- Consciousness in Transmission of Chinese Philosophy from the Perspective of English Globalization -- Taking the Belt and Road Initiative for Example

The Belt and Road Initiative contains the aspiration of Chinese nation to pursue ideological freedom and desire of strengthening international exchanges and cooperation. This paper takes the Belt and Road Initiative for example,emphasizing the interpretation of the inheritance and development of Chinese culture so as to study the importance of Culture Self-Consciousness in Chinese Philosophy,in the context of English globalization. That is to say,this paper stresses the spirits and the stand of nation 's demonstration on pursuing peace,cooperation and sustainable development in the civilization continuity from traditional China to the contemporary China,with practical philosophic view.

SELF-ASSEMBLING AMPHIPHILIC POLYELECTROLYTES AND THEIR NANOSTRUCTURES

The self-assembling behavior of random copolymers of sodium 2-(acrylamido)-2-methylpropanesulfonate (AMPS)and hydrophobic comonomers possessing dodecyl groups linked by various spacer bonds was discussed with a focus on theeffect of the spacer. The characterization of association behavior of such polymers in water using quasielastic light scattering,capillary electrophoresis, NMR relaxation, various fluorescence, and viscoelastic methods was described. These copolymersform a variety of self-assembled nanostructures depending on the type of the spacer. Random copolymers of AMPS and N-dodecylmethacrylamide show a strong preference for intrapolymer self-association even in concentrated aqueous solutionsforming single-macromolecular self-assemblies (unimolecular micelles). In contrast, random copolymers of AMPS anddodecyl methacrylate are prone to undergo interpolymer associations yielding multipolymer micelles. In random copolymersof AMPS and a methacrylate substituted a nonionic surfactant (HO(CH_2CH_2O)_(25)C_(12)H_(25)) (C_(12)E_(25)), dodecyl groups are muchless restricted by the polymer backbone because they are linked via a long, flexible hydrophilic spacer. Thus, the polymer-bound C_(12)E_(25) surfactant moieties form micelles similar to those formed by discrete surfactants, but they are bridged bypolymer chains forming a network structure.

高粘抗滑水性沥青防水涂料研究

通过试验研究了乳化沥青、聚合物乳液、增稠剂以及各组分配比对水性沥青防水涂料性能的影响,通过优选原料和配方,制备了高粘抗滑水性沥青防水涂料,其与基面和自粘聚合物改性沥青防水卷材的粘结强度大,满足(构)建筑物立面的防水要求。

二氧化碳驱波及控制智能响应流体特征及作用机理

针对低渗透油藏—致密油CO_(2)驱面临的气体窜流控制难题,以叔胺基为响应单元,设计合成具有双子表面活性剂自组装属性的CO_(2)驱波及控制智能响应流体,研究了该流体遇CO_(2)/遇原油智能响应特征及作用机理、遇CO_(2)自增稠聚集体的剪切特征,评价了该流体与增稠聚集体耐温抗盐特性,验证了实现CO_(2)驱均衡波及控制的可行性与有效性。研究表明:(1)智能流体遇CO_(2)响应组装为高黏聚集体,流体质量分数为0.05%~2.50%时,增稠倍数9~246,黏度13~3100 mPa·s,实验条件下低渗透岩心波及体积大幅提高;(2)智能流体遇模拟油,流体质量分数为0.5%~1.0%时界面张力降至1×10^(-2)mN/m数量级,模拟油饱和度大于10%时,囊泡状胶束增溶油相全部转化为球状胶束,流体具有遇原油响应不增稠、降低界面张力特征;(3)智能流体遇CO_(2)自增稠聚集体可剪切变稀、静止增稠,经剪切—静止多次循环后仍保持初始结构状态,具备自修复特性,可实现储集层深部放置;(4)智能流体与增稠聚集体耐温抗盐性能长期稳定。

弱酸性溶液中酚醚磷酸酯PTx-10与1631复配自增稠性能的研究

对阴离子表面活性剂酚醚磷酸酯PTx-10与阳离子表面活性剂1631在弱酸性水溶液中的复配自增稠性能进行了研究 ,结果表明 :少量助表面活性剂C8 -10醇和AEO3 磷酸单酯的加入 ,对该复配增稠起协同增效作用 ,使体系在达到一定的粘度所需要的表面活性剂的总量大大降低。在不添加助表面活性剂时 ,要使体系获得大于40×10 -3Pa·s的粘度 ,PTx-10和1631的总用量需大于15 0 %。而加入上述助表面活性剂各0 50 %后 ,当1631用量为1 40 % ,PTx -10用量仅需5 50 %时 ,就可使体系获得44×10 -3Pa·s粘度 ,与市售同类酸性液体清洗剂产品配方相比 ,具有更高的性能价格比。

聚氨酯缔合型增稠剂分水现象的理论

聚氨酯缔合型增稠剂是乳胶涂料的重要流变学助剂,本文主要介绍了聚氨酯缔合型增稠剂在乳胶体系中造成分水的机理,并在分水机理理论分析的基础上,探讨了解决涂料分水现象的方法。

自增稠核壳型丙烯酸乳液的研制

采用预乳化工艺和半连续乳液聚合技术制备了一种具有自增稠效果的核壳型丙烯酸酯乳液。在所制备的乳液的壳层中引入羧基,中和后具有自增稠效果;在壳层中引入交联基团羟基,可与配漆时加入的氨基树脂反应,加入水性铝粉等组分就能得到烘烤型水性金属闪光涂料。分别研究了乳化剂的组成和用量、功能性单体甲基丙烯酸的加料方式和添加量等对乳液性能的影响;同时也探讨了体系p H对乳液增稠效果的影响。

自身阳离子型松香的乳化性能研究

讨论了自身阳离子型松香胶的乳化工艺及几种乳化剂对胶料乳液性能的影响。

基于自增稠型羟基丙烯酸乳液的水性珠光涂料的制备

在水性珠光涂料中,通常需要加入增稠剂来达到珠光颜料定向的效果,但增稠剂的使用会影响涂膜的耐水性。为了解决这一问题,本研究采用一种具有自增稠效果的核壳型羟基丙烯酸乳液作为成膜树脂,配合水性羟基丙烯酸分散体和水性聚氨酯分散体,制备得到一种自增稠型水性珠光涂料。分别对珠光涂料中3种功能成膜树脂的选择、增稠剂以及珠光颜料中所使用的分散介质的选择和用量进行了讨论。最后对所制备珠光涂料的涂层各项性能进行了测试。结果表明:选用自制的自增稠型羟基丙烯酸乳液作为主体成膜树脂,并以水性羟基丙烯酸分散体和水性聚氨酯分散体作为辅助成膜树脂,可制备综合性能优异的水性珠光涂料。相较于常规的水性珠光涂料,本研究制备的涂料光泽更高,耐水性更优。

自缔合压裂液优选及应用

为了解决现场压裂施工周期长、配液程序繁琐以及规模大、成本高等问题,文中对比了不同生产厂家的自缔合稠化剂,通过溶胀时间、基液黏度、耐盐性及耐温性实验,优选出了一种自缔合稠化剂,并配套黏土稳定剂、助排剂,形成了一种自缔合压裂液体系,且对其性能进行了评价。结果表明:当温度110℃、连续剪切60 min、黏度94 mPa·s、破胶剂质量分数0.03%时,既不会破胶太快造成砂堵,也利于压后的返排,且破胶液残渣质量浓度仅为69 mg/L;按照支撑剂和配液用水体积比30∶100配制自缔合压裂液,4 h后的悬砂效果依旧良好。该自缔合压裂液体系首次在中原油田应用于2口井,其良好的耐温、携砂性能,保证了施工顺利进行,同时简化了施工程序,提高了生产效率,具有良好的应用前景。

实验及模拟研究两性疏水缔合聚合物增黏机理

两性疏水缔合水溶性聚合物具有良好的耐温、耐盐、耐剪切性能,在三次采油、酸化压裂等领域具有较大的应用潜力。室内合成了一种新型两性疏水缔合水溶性聚合物,分别研究了其水溶液在不同浓度、剪切和温度条件下的黏度变化情况。同时,利用耗散粒子动力学模拟(DPD)方法对其水溶液在不同浓度、剪切和温度条件下的水珠子扩散速率和疏水缔合聚合物的自组装结构进行了模拟研究。实验和模拟结果基本一致,利用耗散粒子动力学方法进一步证明了两性疏水缔合聚合物在水溶液的增黏机理和微观自组装结构。

低伤害压裂液在川西侏罗系致密气藏后期开发中的应用

针对川西侏罗系致密气藏储层物性差、孔隙结构差、喉道微小、储层敏感性强和常规压裂液残渣形成滤饼及压裂液水相滤失量大和地层压力低而储层伤害大等难点,通过降低常规压裂液稠化剂浓度和调整其他添加剂等技术处理,形成了低浓度稠化剂低伤害水基压裂液体系,并将CO2泡沫压裂液和自主研发的自生热增压型"类泡沫压裂液"应用于川西侏罗系致密气藏后期开发中的加砂压裂改造。经对比实验研究证实,低浓度稠化剂水基压裂液能显著降低残渣形成滤饼后对储层的伤害,显著提高了支撑裂缝的导流能力,压后天然气增产效果明显,泡沫压裂液和自生热增压型"类泡沫压裂液"的滤失系数及伤害性远比常规压裂液小,增压助排作用明显,压裂返排率比常规压裂液高,采用"类泡沫压裂液"施工时,返排率最高达92%,平均为77.3%,比常规液氮拌注的平均返排率高38.3%。采用3种低伤害压裂液的施工井获得的天然气增产效果远比采用常规压裂液施工的井好,现场效果明显。

一种pH响应性酸化用自增稠聚合物

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、N-(3-二甲氨丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAPMA)与十八烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵(DMAAC-18)为原料合成了一种具有pH响应的聚合物自增稠剂(ADD)。优化了ADD的合成条件,利用FTIR分析了ADD的结构,同时对ADD性能进行了评价。实验结果表明,ADD的最优合成条件为:n(AM)∶n(DMAPMA)∶n(DMAAC-18)=94∶5∶1、总单体用量25%(w)、引发剂加量0.5%(w)(基于单体总质量)、50℃、6 h,该条件下制得的ADD溶液最大黏度为532 mPa·s。当ADD含量为1.2%(w)、盐酸含量为5%(w)时,ADD酸液黏度最大,在25℃、170 s^-1剪切下黏度为427 mPa·s。在140℃、170 s^-1下剪切60 min后,ADD残酸液黏度仍可保持100 mPa·s以上,ADD残酸具有良好的黏弹性与抗剪切能力,能够实现地层中酸液转向的目的。

自转向酸稠化剂两性双子表面活性剂的合成及酸岩反应动力学研究

以乙二胺、溴代十四烷、氯乙酸钠和碘甲烷为原料,经烷基取代、羧基取代、季铵化三步反应合成了十四烷基羧基甜菜碱型双子表面活性剂SCB-14。烷基取代反应条件为:n(乙二胺):n(溴代十四烷)=1∶2,温度70℃,时间6 h,产率83%;羧基取代反应条件为:n(二元仲胺)∶n(氯乙酸钠)=1∶3.8,温度90℃,时间10 h,产率80%;季铵化反应条件为:n(二元叔胺)∶n(碘甲烷)=1∶8,温度35℃,时间8 h,产率73%。SCB-14的水溶液在25℃测得CMC为3.28×10-5mol/L,表面张力为29.46 m N/m。在温度80℃,剪切速率170 s-1,盐酸质量分数5%,SCB-14加量5%的条件下,SCB-14的残酸黏度达162 m Pa·s。利用旋转岩盘测定,SCB-14酸液体系和盐酸体系的酸岩反应动力学参数,证实SCB-14酸液体系具有增黏性能,降低了酸岩反应速率,有利于增长酸蚀作用距离。

双亲性聚氨酯类胶束的研究进展

综述了双亲性聚氨酯大分子通过非化学键自组装所形成的聚氨酯胶束的研究进展,涉及到4类化学结构胶束的研究及其相关应用,对缔合型双亲性聚氨酯的流变性做了重点论述。并提出现有研究的特点和该领域今后深入研究的方向。

自增稠多元丙烯酸酯共聚乳液的合成

以丙烯酸、丙烯酸酯以及N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺为原料,OP-10和K12为复合乳化剂,用半连续乳液聚 合工艺合成了自增稠多元丙烯酸酯共聚乳液。研究了引发剂用量、乳化剂用量以及聚合温度等因素对丙烯酸 酯共聚乳液性能的影响。