Comparison of Self-Perception of Esthetics and Orthodontic Treatment Needs among Dental and Non-Dental Students with Assessment by Orthodontist

Objectives: The present study was conducted to compare the self-perception of esthetics and wish for seeking orthodontic treatment among dental and non-dental students. The realistic orthodontic treatment needs were confirmed by expert orthodontist. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 255 male students (Dental—75, Medical—93 and Pharmacy—87 students). The questionnaire included 20 items covering dental esthetics self-perception (10 questions), self-confidence and psychological impact (5 questions), and the need for seeking orthodontic treatment (5 questions) on a five-point Likert scale. The realistic orthodontic treatment needs were confirmed by photographs using aesthetic component of IOTN and clinical examination for the participants and analysis of jaw models using Dental aesthetic index (DAI). Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA was used to check the significant difference between groups. Results: The overall average esthetic self-perception score for total sample was 3.83. The overall average psychological impact score for the whole sample was 2.67. The total percentage of participants who either agree or strongly agree with the question related to their perception of need for seeking orthodontic treatment was 70%. According to the assessment of orthodontic needs using AC-IOTN, 19.8% required definitive treatment. According to the assessment of orthodontic treatment needs based on DAI, 20.3% and 9.9% needed highly desirable (DAI 31 - 35) and definite need of treatment (DAI ≥ 36) respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there was no difference between the esthetic perception of dental and non-dental students. The self-perception for seeking orthodontic treatment was over-reported by participants compared to real requirement as assessed by orthodontic specialist. Dental esthetics has no psychological impact on academic performance and self-confidence as perceived by study participants.

后处理工艺对均一马来酸酐/α-甲基苯乙烯交联聚合物微球性能的影响

采用自稳定沉淀聚合法制备了马来酸酐/α-甲基苯乙烯交联聚合物微球,通过甲醇洗涤、抽真空和干燥对聚合物微球进行后处理,研究了后处理工艺,包括甲醇用量、干燥温度和时间对聚合物微球性能的影响,并通过SEM,FTIR,TG,TG-FTIR,^(1)H NMR等手段对后处理前后的聚合物进行了表征。实验结果表明,室温下甲醇洗涤两次、抽真空、130℃下干燥12 h不会改变聚合物微球的形貌、结构、粒径及其分布;甲醇洗涤有利于降低聚合物微球中的挥发分和控制黄色指数;用144 g甲醇洗涤两次、抽真空、在150~160℃下干燥8~12 h,可有效降低聚合物微球中的挥发分,所得聚合物微球的黄色指数低于6。

Mini-CEX联合MDT在急诊科住院医师规范化培训中的应用效果

目的探讨迷你临床演练评估(mini-clinical evaluation exercise,Mini-CEX)联合多学科综合治疗协作组(multidisciplinary team,MDT)在急诊科住院医师规范化培训中的运用效果。方法选择于医院急诊科进行规范化培训的住院医师,2022年6—8月进行规范化培训者为传统培训组,2022年9—11月进行规范化培训者为Mini-CEX联合MDT组。传统培训组35名,给予常规教学方式教学,Mini-CEX联合MDT组35名,给予Mini-CEX联合MDT教学,教学完成后评估规范化培训住院医师的理论成绩及实际操作技能,教学前、后通过Mini-CEX考核规范化培训住院医师的问诊能力、临床诊断、操作能力、查体能力、治疗方案、沟通能力,给予评判性思维能力量表-中文版(critical thinking disposition inventory—Chinese version,CTDI-CV)、学生自主学习能力评价量表评价,比较2组教学满意度。结果Mini-CEX联合MDT组理论知识、实际操作技能评分较传统培训组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);Mini-CEX联合MDT组问诊能力、临床诊断、操作能力、查体能力、治疗方案、沟通能力评分较传统培训组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);Mini-CEX联合MDT组CTDI-CV评分较传统培训组低,自主学习能力评分、教学满意度较传统培训组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。Mini-CEX联合MDT组教学满意度(97.14%)较传统培训组高(85.71%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在急诊科住院医师规范化培训中运用Mini-CEX联合MDT教学,可提升规范化培训住院医师理论及实践操作成绩,提升其综合临床能力、评判性思维能力、自学能力及教学满意度。

硼酸表面处理对ZnxMg_(1-x)O量子点自驱动光电探测器性能的影响

氧化锌材料(ZnO)因其独特的物理和化学性质在自驱动光电探测领域中展现出巨大应用潜力。然而,目前基于ZnO材料的自驱动光电探测器存在结构复杂、响应时间长、响应度低等问题,难以满足实际应用需求。本文构建了一种结构简单、响应速度快的ITO/ZnO量子点(QDs)/Au光电探测器,并提出了一种硼酸(BA)表面处理结合退火的处理工艺,成功降低了ZnO QDs薄膜中的表面态密度,提高了器件光电性能。器件在0 V下响应时间约为1 ms,开/关比达到104,响应度达到8.81 mA/W。将这一工艺应用在Mg2+掺杂ZnO量子点基光电探测器中,同样提高了器件的比探测率和响应度,获得了具有0.93 ms上升时间的高响应速度自驱动光电探测器,Mg2+掺杂量越高,器件的上升时间越短。这项工作证实了BA表面处理结合退火处理工艺对化学合成的ZnO材料性能具有普遍提升作用,有望广泛应用于ZnO基紫外光电探测器的性能优化中。

Self-Recirculating Casing Treatment for a Radial Compressor

Casing treatment is a widely employed technique to increase the stall margins of turbomachineries. In the last several decades, many researches on casing treatment have been carded out. However, the mechanism of its expanding stall margins is still not very clear. Till now, most casing teatment schemes are designed for axial compressors, while the investigations on casing treatments in centrifugal compressors are rarely reported. Moreover, current investigation methods mainly focus on experiments, and perfect theoretic al analysis is not yet feasible. In order to study the effectiveness and further the mechanism of casing treatments in centrifugal compressors, in this paper, a computationally based investigation of the impact of the self-recireulating casing treatment on the performance of a radial compressor is carried out. The results indicate that, by casing bleed and injection, the casing treatment with inclined blades in the cavity expands the stall margin most. At low mass flows, the reversed flow through the cavity with inclined blades develops the counter swirl flow in front of the impeller inlet, which is considered to benefit increasing the pressure rise from the injection port to the bleed port and thereby augment the recirculating flow. At 120% design speed, the stall margin is larger than that at the design speed. However, the cost of extending the stall margin is the reduction of isentropic efficiency. A mended casing treatment by shifting the bleed port upstream is also studied. It is demonstrated that, relative to the original casing treatment, this mend can improve the efficiency evidently notwithstanding a little narrowing of the flow range.

Effect of Self-adhesive Resin Cement and Tribochemical Treatment on Bond Strength to Zirconia

Aim To evaluate the interactive effects of different self- adhesive resin cements and tribochemical treatment on bond strength to zirconia. Methodology The following self-adhesive resin cements for bonding two zirconia blocks were evaluated： Maxcem （MA）, Smartcem （SM）, Rely X Unicem Aplicap （UN）, Breeze （BR）, Biscem （BI）, Set （SE）, and Clearfil SA luting （CL）. The specimens were grouped according to conditioning as follows： Group 1, polishing with 600 grit polishing paper; Group 2, silica coating with 110 μm Al2O3 particles which modified with silica; and, Group 3, tribochemical treatment - silica coating ＋ silanization. Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37℃ for 24 hours before testing shear bond strength. Results Silica coating and tribochemical treatment significantly increased the bond strength of the MA, UN, BR, B1, SE and CL to zirconia compared to #600 polishing. For both #600 polished and silica coating treatments, MDP- containing self-adhesive resin cement CL had the highest bond strengths to zirconia. Conclusion Applying silica coating and tribochemical treatment improved the bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to zirconia, especially for CL.

DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A CANTILEVER BEAM WITH PARTIAL SELF-SENSING ACTIVE CONSTRAINED LAYER DAMPING TREATMENT

The equations of motion governing the vibration of a cantilever beam with partially treated self-sensing active constrained layer damping treatment(SACLD) are derived by application of the extended Hamilton principle. The assumed-modes method and closed loop velocity feedback control law are used to analyze and control the flexural vibration of the beam nle influences of the bonding layer and piezoelectric layer thickness, material properties, placements of the Diezoelectric patch and feedback control parameters on the actuation ability of the vibration suppression are investigated. Some design considerations for pure passive, pure active control, and self-sensing active constrained layer damping are discussed.

Effect of two-step solid solution on microstructure andδphase precipitation of Inconel 718 alloy

Inconel 718 is the most popular nickel-based superalloy and is extensively used in aerospace,automotive,and energy indus-tries owing to its extraordinary thermomechanical properties.The effects of different two-step solid solution treatments on microstructure andδphase precipitation of Inconel 718 alloy were studied,and the transformation mechanism fromγ″metastable phase toδphase was clarified.The precipitates were statistically analyzed by X-ray diffractometry.The results show that theδphase content firstly increased,and then decreased with the temperature of the second-step solid solution.The changes in microstructure andδphase were studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.An intragranularδphase formed in Inconel 718 alloy at the second-[100]_(δ)[011]γ step solid solution temperature of 925℃,and its orientation relationship withγmatrix was determined as//and(010)_(δ)//(111)γ.Furthermore,the Vickers hardness of different heat treatment samples was measured,and the sample treated by second-step solid solution at 1010℃ reached the maximum hardness of HV 446.84.

Acne Vulgaris in Jeddah Medical Students: Prevalence, Severity, Self-Report, and Treatment Practices

Acne is a common skin disorder of teenagers and continues into adulthood. Research has been limited regarding acne prevalence, perception and health care utilization in Saudi Arabia. The objective of this study was to assess acne prevalence in final year female medical students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia using the global acne grading system (GAGS) compared with student’s self-report of their acne. This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 151 students during 2016, in which students were interviewed subjectively and examined objectively by a trained physician. This study showed that acne was reported subjectively by 83.4% of female students compared to 98% of students assessed objectively by the global acne grading system. 14.6% of students claimed having no acne while it was objectively present, which was statistically significant (Χ2 = 15.4, P 2 months in 39.1% of students. Acne was present in 41.1% of the students parents compared to 83.4% in their siblings. A total of 41.7% of student had trunk acne. 60.9% of students had scarring and 72.8% of them had pigmentation. Moderate to severe acne students had higher siblings acne history of 95.2% (Χ2 = 5.85, P 2 = 4.05, P 2 = 4.87, P < 0.05) which was statistically significant. Our study confirms that acne is very common in female medical students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia with a prevalence rate of 98%. Knowledge regarding acne treatment was inadequate demonstrating the need for educational and awareness programs about early treatment that will prevent suffering from acne scarring or pigmentation.

A Clinical Investigation to Evaluate the Safety and Performance of a Novel Self-Administered Treatment Kit for Ingrowing Toenail

Background: Ingrown toenail often results in a painful cycle of infection and inflammation and can affect the ability to go about everyday activities. In the UK and Europe, there are limited ways to prevent the development of ingrowing toenail without specialist intervention. Treatments are often invasive and may require periods of time off work. This prospective, single-site, non-comparative clinical study evaluates the performance, safety and convenience of a treatment kit that can be applied at home at the earliest signs of ingrowing toenail. Methods: Patients (n = 36) with mild ingrowing toenail used the Scholl Ingrowing Toenail Treatment kit for 6 weeks, with assessments by study investigators at Days 0, 21 and 42. The kit comprised a set of toenail clips and a spray, correct use of which was monitored at site visits and through patient diaries. Results: All patients enrolled in the study completed the 42-day treatment period. Severity of ingrowing toenail was significantly reduced in 88.9% (95% CI: 78.62, 99.15) of patients at the end of the study. Twenty-two patients (61.1%) exhibited full resolution of ingrowing toenail at Day 42 and none showed an increase in severity. Reduction in pain and severity of ingrowing toenail from baseline was significant at Days 21 and 42 (p Conclusions: The ingrowing toenail treatment kit was convenient and easy for patients to use at home and resulted in reduced pain and severity of ingrowing toenail at early stages of the condition.

试管苗热处理结合茎尖培养脱除苹果矮化自根砧M9-T337、B9、GM256、M26病毒试验

【目的】苹果矮化自根砧脱毒苗木的推广应用,对推动苹果栽培制度的变革和果业增效、果农增收都具有重要的意义。【方法】对苹果矮化自根砧M9-T337、B9、GM256、M26茎尖和试管苗采用茎尖培养结合试管苗热处理脱除病毒方法,开展了脱毒试验。【结果】经检测,4个苹果砧木苹果褪绿叶斑病毒(ACLSV)茎尖脱毒率为7.1%,苹果茎尖病毒(ASGV)脱毒率为3.6%;二次茎尖热处理后,4个苹果砧木苹果褪绿叶斑病毒(ACLSV)脱毒率为51.0%,达到了预期的目标,对苹果矮化自根砧脱毒苗木的生产起到了促进作用。【结论】对脱毒后的材料送检,4个样品中苹果矮化自根砧M9-T337、TM26不携带苹果茎痘病毒(ASPV)、苹果茎沟病毒(ASGV)、苹果褪绿叶病毒(ACLSV)、苹果花叶病毒(APMV)、苹果诱果类病毒(ASSVd),病毒的脱毒率达到100%;B9携带苹果茎痘病毒(ASPV),GM256携带苹果褪绿叶斑病毒(ACLSV),这两种砧木病毒的脱毒率达到80%,脱毒效果较好,该方法可在苗木繁育中推广应用,以促进苹果矮化自根砧脱毒苗木的生产。

Effect of slow-solvent-vapour treatment on performance of polymer photovoltaic devices

In this work, enhanced poly（3-hexylthiophene）：[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester （P3HT：PCBM） bulk- heterojunction photovoltaic devices are achieved via slow-solvent-vapour treatment. The correlations between the morphology of the active layer and the photovoltaic performance of polymer-based solar cell are investigated. The active layers are characterized by atomic force microscopy and optical absorption. The results show that slow-solvent- vapour treatment can induce P3HT self-organization into an ordered structure, leading to the enhanced absorption and efficient charge transport.

A Cross Sectional Study of the Knowledge and Practice of Self-Breast Examination among Market Women at the Makola Shopping Mall, Accra, Ghana

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. With an estimated incidence of 1,676,633 with 521,817 deaths in the year 2012, the figure is expected to hit the 82.5 millionth mark by 2015. Breast cancer screening is reported to be extremely low in most low-middle income countries like Ghana. This study was to determine the knowledge and practices of self-breast examination among market women at Makola Shopping Mall in Accra, Ghana. Methods: The study was conducted at the Makola Shopping Mall in Accra among women above the age of 20 years who owned a store and sell at the mall. Data were collected using mixed method involving in-depth interviews and questionnaire survey. Random samples of 170 participants were selected from a population of 400 for the quantitative survey. A total of eight in-depth interviews were conducted to generate qualitative data to complement the survey data. Results: Majority (60%) of the respondents were between the ages of 20 - 40 years. There’s a high literacy rate among the participants. Though awareness of self-breast examination was very high (93%), only 27% practiced self-breast examination in line with the recommended one week period after menses due to lack of knowledge of the basic skills to do self-breast examination. Conclusion: In view of the lack of knowledge resulting in non-performance of self-breast examination, continuous education on breast cancer screening should be given to the women to enable them acquire the skills of performing self-breast examination to promote early detection of the disease.

自增韧锌尖晶石-透辉石微晶玻璃力学性能的研究

本文以SiO2、Al2O3、ZnO、CaO、MgO为主要原料制备锌尖晶石-透辉石体系微晶玻璃,利用自增韧技术提高了该体系微晶玻璃的力学性能。采用正交试验研究各热处理工艺参数对该体系微晶玻璃力学性能的影响,探究了微晶玻璃的晶相比例、微观形貌与其力学性能之间的关系。结果表明,提高透辉石相比例可显著提高微晶玻璃断裂韧性,但比例过高则会降低微晶玻璃抗弯强度,因此制备高韧性、高抗弯强度的微晶玻璃时需要柱状晶体交错和粒状晶体填充其间隙,起到协同强化的作用。基础玻璃经750℃保温2 h+810℃保温2 h+880℃保温2 h+950℃保温2 h后,微晶玻璃断裂韧性达5.1 MPa·m^(1/2),抗弯强度达255 MPa,维氏硬度为8.3 GPa。

Enhanced strengthening by two-step progressive solution and aging treatment in AM50-4%(Zn,Y) magnesium alloy

AM50-4%(Zn,Y)alloy with a Zn/Y mole ratio of6:1was subjected to thermal analysis,and the results were used for designing a two-step progressive solution treatment process.The effects of solution and aging treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the AM50-4%(Zn,Y)alloy were investigated using OM,XRD,SEM/EDS,TEM,tensile test and hardness test.The experimental results demonstrated that the two-step progressive solution treatment could make theΦandβphases sufficiently dissolve into the matrix which possessed higher supersaturated degree of the dissolved solute compared with the one-step solution treatment.This resulted in a certain enhancement of the precipitation strengthening effect during the subsequent aging process.The precipitation of theФphase had a greater impact on the comprehensive mechanical properties of the alloy thanβphase precipitation when the aging treatment was performed at180℃.The peak aging strength of the AM50-4%(Zn,Y)alloy which was subjected to the two-step progressive solution treatment process(345℃for16h and375℃for6h)was obtained after the aging treatment at180℃for12h.

Palliative treatment for incurable malignant colorectal obstructions: A meta-analysis

AIM:To perform a meta-analysis of palliative stent placement vs palliative surgical decompression for management of incurable malignant colorectal obstructions.METHODS:The databases of Medline,Web of Science,Embase,and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from their inception to July 2012 for studies(prospective,retrospective,randomized controlled trials,and case-control trials)designed as comparative analyses of patients with incurable malignant colorectal obstructions treated by selfexpanding metallic stents(SEMS)or palliative surgery.No language restrictions were imposed.The main outcome measures were hospital stay,intensive care unit admission,clinical success rate,30-d mortality,stoma formation,complications,and overall survival time.The data extraction was conducted by two investigators working independently and using a standardized form.The Mantel-Haenszel 2method was used to estimate the pooled risk ratios with 95%CI under a fixed-effects model;when statistical heterogeneity existed in the pooled data(as evaluated by Q test and I2statistics,where P<0.10 and I2<25%indicated heterogeneity),a random-effects model was used.RESULTS:Thirteen relevant articles,representing837 patients(SEMS group,n=404;surgery group,n=433),were selected for analysis.Compared to the surgery group,the SEMS group showed lower clinical success(99.8%vs 93.1%,P=0.0009)but shorter durations of hospital stay(18.84 d vs 9.55 d,P<0.00001)and time to initiation of chemotherapy(33.36 d vs15.53 d,P<0.00001),and lower rate of stoma formation(54.0%vs 12.7%,P<0.00001).Additionally,the SEMS group experienced a significantly lower rate of30-d mortality(4.2%vs 10.5%,P=0.01).Stent-related complications were not uncommon and included perforation(10.1%),migration(9.2%),and occlusion(18.3%).Surgery-related complications were slightly less common and included wound infection(5.0%)and anastomotic leak(4.7%).The rate of total complications was similar between these two groups(SEMS:34.0%vs surgery:38.1%,P=0.60),but the surgeryrelated complications occurred earlier than stent-related complications(rate of early complications:33.7%vs13.7%,P=0.03;rate of late complications:32.3%vs12.7%,P<0.0001).The overall survival time of SEMSand surgery-treated patients was not significantly different(7.64 mo vs 7.88 mo).CONCLUSION:SEMS is less effective than surgery for palliation of incurable malignant colorectal obstructions,but is associated with a shorter time to chemotherapy and lower 30-d mortality.

Parameter Self - Learning of Generalized Predictive Control Using BP Neural Network

This paper describes the self—adjustment of some tuning-knobs of the generalized predictive controller(GPC).A three feedforward neural network was utilized to on line learn two key tuning-knobs of GPC,and BP algorithm was used for the training of the linking-weights of the neural network.Hence it gets rid of the difficulty of choosing these tuning-knobs manually and provides easier condition for the wide applications of GPC on industrial plants.Simulation results illustrated the effectiveness of the method.

Self - Crosslinking Behavior of Self - Emulsion Water - Based Polyure-thane Coating Agents

The relation between structures and properties of polyurethane are investigated by modern physical and chemical methods.The results obtained are as follows:the effects of the content of self-crosslinking agent on the properties of polyurethane,i.e.,dispersion stability,dynamical viscoelasticity and mechanical properties are discussed.It is found that the optimum molar ratio of epichlorohydrin and diethylenetriamine is 1:2.A mois-

Culture Self- Consciousness in Transmission of Chinese Philosophy from the Perspective of English Globalization -- Taking the Belt and Road Initiative for Example

The Belt and Road Initiative contains the aspiration of Chinese nation to pursue ideological freedom and desire of strengthening international exchanges and cooperation. This paper takes the Belt and Road Initiative for example,emphasizing the interpretation of the inheritance and development of Chinese culture so as to study the importance of Culture Self-Consciousness in Chinese Philosophy,in the context of English globalization. That is to say,this paper stresses the spirits and the stand of nation 's demonstration on pursuing peace,cooperation and sustainable development in the civilization continuity from traditional China to the contemporary China,with practical philosophic view.

Self-expandable metal stents for achalasia: Thinking out of the box!

Achalasia is a primary motor disorder of the esophagus diagnosed manometrically in the clinical setting of dysphagia to both solids and liquids. Currently established treatment options include pneumatic dilation, laparoscopic Heller myotomy, botulinum toxin injection performed endoscopically, oral agents that relax the lower esophageal sphincter and esophagectomy for refractory, end-stage disease. Despite their effectiveness, a significant proportion of patients eventually relapses and needs retreatment. In this setting, several new techniques are under investigation promising future enrichment of our therapeutic armamentarium for achalasic patients. Among them, peroral endoscopic myotomy and selfexpandable metal stents placed across the gastroesophageal junction represent the most encouraging modalities, as initial studies assessing their efficacy and safety indicate. This review highlights the role of selfexpandable metal stents in the management of patients with achalasia. Their possible position in the therapeutic algorithm of achalasia along with established and novel techniques is also assessed. Finally, the need for large prospective randomized trials is underlined in order to elucidate the numerous relevant issues.