An Examination of the Validity of the Differentiation-of-Self Hypothesis and Its Mechanism Related to Negative Life Event Aversion among Japanese University Students

This study examined the validity of the differentiation-of-self hypothesis for Japanese university students, and its mechanism in relation to negative life event aversion. Although the differentiation-of-self hypothesis is accepted as one of the basic hypotheses in the clinical field of family therapy in Japan, empirical studies on the subject are scarce. Further, there are few studies, internationally, on its mechanism. A questionnaire survey was conducted with university students (n = 250) to measure their differentiation of self, maladaptive states, and negative life event aversion. Compared to the better-differentiated group, the less-differentiated group had higher scores both for maladaptive states—somatic symptoms (t(223) = -2.70, p = 0.008), social dysfunction (t(211.00) = -3.30, p = 0.001), and severe depression (t(208.78) = -4.08, p < 0.001)—and negative life event aversion—interpersonal domain (t(223) = -3.96, p < 0.001) and achievement domain (t(223) = -3.83, p < 0.001). The results supported the validity of the differentiation-of-self hypothesis for Japanese university students, and that cognitive tendencies toward negative life events may be part of the mechanism for less-differentiated individuals’ subsequent vulnerability. This suggests the effectiveness of cognitive interventions.

一类具有转移边条件微分算子的自伴性

微分算子谱的研究,在热力学中具有很广泛的应用,本文构建了一个新的H ilbert空间,并在这个空间上讨论了一类具有转移边条件的内部奇异微分算子的自伴性.

Optimal Kinematics Design of MacPherson Suspension: Integrated Use of Grey Relational Analysis and Improved Entropy Weight Method

Selecting design variables and determining optimal hard⁃point coordinates are subjective in the traditional multiobjective optimization of geometric design of vehicle suspension,thereby usually resulting in poor overall suspension kinematic performance.To eliminate the subjectivity of selection,a method transferring multiobjective optimization function into a single⁃objective one through the integrated use of grey relational analysis(GRA)and improved entropy weight method(IEWM)is proposed.First,a comprehensive evaluation index of sensitivities was formulated to facilitate the objective selection of design variables by using GRA,in which IEWM was used to determine the weight of each subindex.Second,approximate models between the variations of the front wheel alignment parameters and the design variables were developed on the basis of support vector regression(SVR)and the fruit fly optimization algorithm(FOA).Subsequently,to eliminate the subjectivity and improve the computational efficiency of multiobjective optimization(MOO)of hard⁃point coordinates,the MOO functions were transformed into a single⁃objective optimization(SOO)function by using the GRA-IEWM method again.Finally,the SOO problem was solved by the self⁃adaptive differential evolution(jDE)algorithm.Simulation results indicate that the GRA⁃IEWM method outperforms the traditional multiobjective optimization method and the original coordinate scheme remarkably in terms of kinematic performance.