Frequency and barriers of reporting workplace violence in nurses:An online survey in China

Objectives:This study aimed to explore the reporting of workplace violence against nurses and the reasons why they did not reported.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire regarding workplace violence and reporting was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey on nurses who submitted a manuscript to a Chinese nursing journal from 2016 to 2017.A total of 324 nurses agreed to participate in this study and 266 participants from 165 hospitals in 72 cities returned questionnaires.Results:A total of 172 nurses(64.7%)experienced violent incidents during the past year.Of these incidents,45.5%were reported;and the reporting rate of physical assaults(69.0%)was higher than those of verbal abuse(36.9%),threatening behavior(51.7%),and sexual harassment(60.0%).Formal reporting accounted for 25.4%(15.4%in written form and 10.0%through a computer-assisted reporting system).Almost half of the nurses(49.6%)stated that the hospital had no reporting system or they were uncertain about the reporting system.For reasons of not reporting,51.9%of the nurses were unware of how and what types of violence to report,and 50.6%of the nurses believed that the hospital paid greater attention to patients rather than staff.Conclusions:A clear definition of workplace violence and reporting procedures,establishment of a facile system for reporting,and supervisory support following a reporting are urgently required.

Alcohol and drug use disorders in adult attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder:Prevalence and associations with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom severity and emotional dysregulation

BACKGROUND High risk of alcohol and drug use disorders in people with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)calls for exploratory research of relationships with clinical features of ADHD.AIM To estimate prevalence of alcohol/drug use disorders and associations with ADHD symptom severity and emotional dysregulation,in adults with ADHD.METHODS This observational cross-sectional clinical study consisted of patients admitted to a private psychiatric outpatient clinic in Oslo,Norway(2014-2018).Five-hundred and fifty-eight eligible patients diagnosed with ADHD(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition(DSM-5)criteria)agreed to participate.Alcohol and drug use disorders were diagnosed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview(MINI).Dependence and abuse were merged into“use”disorder as in MINI version 7.0/DSM-5.Questions were related both to lifetime and the past 12-mo.ADHD severity was assessed by the Adult ADHD Self Report Scale(ASRS).Subdivisions of the ASRS questionnaire as inattentive items and hyperactive/impulsivity items were recorded separately.Emotional dysregulation was assessed by the eight-item version of Barkley’s Current Behavior Scale-Self Report.RESULTS The 12-mo prevalence was 5.3%for alcohol use disorder and 13.7%for drug use disorder.The lifetime prevalence was 12.0%for alcohol use disorder and 27.7%for drug use disorder.Men had higher rates of both alcohol use disorder and drug use disorder compared to women.The prevalence of drug use disorder was more than twice that of alcohol use disorder for both sexes.The drugs most participants reported having used were(in descending order):Amphetamine(19.1%),cannabis(17.1%),cocaine or ecstasy(7.4%),benzodiazepines(7.4%),and heroin or other opioids(2.9%).Lifetime drug use disorder was significantly associated with both hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms and emotional dysregulation symptom severity.Lifetime alcohol use disorder,on the other hand,was not significantly associated with ADHD symptoms or emotional dysregulation when adjusted for gender and age.CONCLUSION Patients with ADHD have a high lifetime prevalence of drug use disorder,which is associated with higher levels of hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms and emotional dysregulation.

Mental Distress among Medical Students in Khartoum, Sudan 2022

Background: Young adults in Sudan face numerous challenges that make it difficult for them to maintain their mental health. Due to the academic workload and performance expectations, medical students suffer from a high prevalence of mental distress. Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of mental distress among medical students and determine the associated factors. Methods: a cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students in Khartoum, Sudan, using an electronic questionnaire. Mental distress was screened in the period from June 19 to July 30, 2022, using the self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20). Descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies and percentages were used to display data. Odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval were estimated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine associations between mental distress and related factors. Results: A total of 432 valid responses were received with a mean age of 20.37. The Overall prevalence of mental distress (SRQ-20 > 8) in medical students was 241 (55.8%). The prevalence was significantly associated with gender (P-Value > 0.001), type of university (P-Value = 0.001), academic level of education (P-Value = 0.026), and family history of mental illness (P-value = 0.001). Conclusion: More than half of the medical students who were screened for mental distress had mental distress. Higher odds are associated with being a female student, attending a private university, studying at a higher academic level, and having a family history of mental illness. This study recommends a review of the academic processes and implementing institutional preventive strategies that target at-risk groups.

REPORT ON BUSINESS ENGLISH MOCK COMPANIES PROGRAM

Facing that the students were afraid of speaking English, we conducted a business English mock companies program to encourage students to communicate in English within a business environment. After fully preparation, students found they could speak English fluently to motivate their interest of English. This article is a report stating the aim, method, result and conclusion of this program. Besides, a foreign instructor gives her opinion of the mock program.