Handily etching nickel foams into catalyst-substrate fusion self‐stabilized electrodes toward industrial‐level water electrolysis

The key challenge of industrial water electrolysis is to design catalytic electrodes that can stabilize high current density with low power consumption(i.e.,overpotential),while industrial harsh conditions make the balance between electrode activity and stability more difficult.Here,we develop an efficient and durable electrode for water oxidation reaction(WOR),which yields a high current density of 1000 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of only 284 mV in 1M KOH at 25°C and shows robust stability even in 6M KOH strong alkali with an elevated temperature up to 80°C.This electrode is fabricated from a cheap nickel foam(NF)substrate through a simple one-step solution etching method,resulting in the growth of ultrafine phosphorus doped nickel-iron(oxy)hydroxide[P-(Ni,Fe)O_(x)H_(y)]nanoparticles embedded into abundant micropores on the surface,featured as a self-stabilized catalyst–substrate fusion electrode.Such self-stabilizing effect fastens highly active P-(Ni,Fe)O_(x)H_(y)species on conductive NF substrates with significant contribution to catalyst fixation and charge transfer,realizing a win–win tactics for WOR activity and durability at high current densities in harsh environments.This work affords a cost-effective WOR electrode that can well work at large current densities,suggestive of the rational design of catalyst electrodes toward industrial-scale water electrolysis.

New bolting structure of fractured roof based on the Bossinesq equations

Present support theories contain a number of shortcomings in the designation of fractured roof bolt parameters of rectangular or trapezoidal coal roadways.Roof fall accidents occur easily in this kind of roadway.Based on the Bossinesq equations and the Mohr strength theory,we propose a theory of an anchored cluster structure for fractured roofs and have investigated the formation of such an anchored cluster structure,its self stability mechanism and mechanical properties.The results show that an anchor and the surrounding fractured rock can form a string-like supporting structure,referred to as the structure of an anchored cluster for rational bolt parameters.Not only can the structure maintain its own stability,but as well undertake the load of the overlying strata.The designated support parameters,based on anchored cluster theory can overcome the shortcomings of other support theories applied to a fractured roof of rectangular roadways or could not be calculated.Our anchored cluster theory can provide a theoretical basis for the design of support for rectangular fractured roofs.Furthermore,the theory will help to reduce the probability of roof fall accidents caused by local fractured rock blocks,which can destroy a supporting structure.