Self-Aligned InGaP/GaAs Power HBTswith a Low Bias Voltage

A self aligned InGaP/GaAs power HBTs for L band power amplifier with low bias voltage are described.Base emitter metal self aligning,air bridge,and wafer thinning are used to improve microwave power performance.A power HBT with double size of emitter of (3μm×15μm)×12 is fabricated.When the packaged HBT operates in class AB at a collector bias of 3V,a maximum 23dBm output power with 45% power added efficiency is achieved at 2GHz.The results show that the InGaP/GaAs power HBTs have great potential in mobile communication systems operating at low bias voltage.

Fast-speed self-powered PEDOT:PSS/α-Ga_(2)O_(3)nanorod array/FTO photodetector with solar-blind UV/visible dual-band photodetection

Theα-Ga2 O_(3)nanorod array is grown on FTO by hydrothermal and annealing processes.And a self-powered PEDOT:PSS/α-Ga_(2)O_(3)nanorod array/FTO(PGF)photodetector has been demonstrated by spin coating PEDOT:PSS on theα-Ga_(2)O_(3)nanorod array.Successfully,the PGF photodetector shows solar-blind UV/visible dual-band photodetection.Our device possesses comparable solar-blind UV responsivity(0.18 mA/W at 235 nm)and much faster response speed(0.102 s)than most of the reported self-poweredα-Ga_(2)O_(3)nanorod array solar-blind UV photodetectors.And it presents the featured and distinguished visible band photoresponse with a response speed of 0.136 s at 540 nm.The response time is also much faster than the other non-self-poweredβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)DUV/visible dual-band photodetectors due to the fast-speed separation of photogenerated carries by the built-in electric field in the depletion regions of PEDOT:PSS/α-Ga_(2)O_(3)heterojunction.The results herein may prove a promising way to realize fast-speed self-poweredα-Ga_(2)O_(3)photodetectors with solar-blind UV/visible dual-band photodetection by simple processes for the applications of multiple-target tracking,imaging,machine vision and communication.

Nanogenerators for Self-Powered Gas Sensing

Looking toward world technology trends over the next few decades, self-powered sensing networks are a key field of technological and economic driver for global industries. Since 2006, Zhong Lin Wang's group has proposed a novel concept of nanogenerators(NGs), including piezoelectric nanogenerator and triboelectric nanogenerator, which could convert a mechanical trigger into an electric output. Considering motion ubiquitously exists in the surrounding environment and for any most common materials used every day, NGs could be inherently served as an energy source for our daily increasing requirements or as one of self-powered environmental sensors. In this regard, by coupling the piezoelectric or triboelectric properties with semiconducting gas sensing characterization, a new research field of self-powered gas sensing has been proposed. Recent works have shown promising concept to realize NG-based self-powered gas sensors that are capable of detecting gas environment without the need of external power sources to activate the gas sensors or to actively generate a readout signal. Compared with conventional sensors, these self-powered gas sensors keep the approximate performance.Meanwhile, these sensors drastically reduce power consumption and additionally reduce the required space for integration,which are significantly suitable for the wearable devices. This paper gives a brief summary about the establishment and latest progress in the fundamental principle, updated progress and potential applications of NG-based self-powered gas sensing system. The development trend in this field is envisaged, and the basic configurations are also introduced.

Self-Powered Implantable Skin-Like Glucometer for Real-Time Detection of Blood Glucose Level In Vivo

Implantable bioelectronics for analyzing physiological biomarkers has recently been recognized as a promising technique in medical treatment or diagnostics. In this study, we developed a self-powered implantable skinlike glucometer for real-time detection of blood glucose level in vivo. Based on the piezo-enzymatic-reaction coupling effect of GOx@ZnO nanowire, the device under an applied deformation can actively output piezoelectric signal containing the glucose-detecting information. No external electricity power source or battery is needed for this device, and the outputting piezoelectric voltage acts as both the biosensing signal and electricity power. A practical application of the skin-like glucometer implanted in mouse body for detecting blood glucose level has been simply demonstrated. These results provide a new technique path for diabetes prophylaxis and treatment.

Spatially Bandgap-Graded Mo S2（1-x）Se2x Homojunctions for Self-Powered Visible–Near-Infrared Phototransistors

Ternary transition metal dichalcogenide alloys with spatially graded bandgaps are an emerging class of two-dimensional materials with unique features,which opens up new potential for device applications.Here,visible–near-infrared and self-powered phototransistors based on spatially bandgap-graded MoS2(1−x)Se2x alloys,synthesized by a simple and controllable chemical solution deposition method,are reported.The graded bandgaps,arising from the spatial grading of Se composition and thickness within a single domain,are tuned from 1.83 to 1.73 eV,leading to the formation of a homojunction with a builtin electric field.Consequently,a strong and sensitive gate-modulated photovoltaic effect is demonstrated,enabling the homojunction phototransistors at zero bias to deliver a photoresponsivity of 311 mA W−1,a specific detectivity up to^10^11 Jones,and an on/off ratio up to^10^4.Remarkably,when illuminated by the lights ranging from 405 to 808 nm,the biased devices yield a champion photoresponsivity of 191.5 A W−1,a specific detectivity up to^1012 Jones,a photoconductive gain of 10^6–10^7,and a photoresponsive time in the order of^50 ms.These results provide a simple and competitive solution to the bandgap engineering of two-dimensional materials for device applications without the need for p–n junctions.

A Self-Powered Nanogenerator for the Electrical Protection of Integrated Circuits from Trace Amounts of Liquid

With the increase in the use of electronic devices in many different environments,a need has arisen for an easily implemented method for the rapid,sensitive detection of liquids in the vicinity of electronic components.In this work,a high-performance power generator that combines carbon nanoparticles and TiO2 nanowires has been fabricated by sequential electrophoretic deposition(EPD).The opencircuit voltage and short-circuit current of a single generator are found to exceed 0.7 V and 100μA when 6μL of water was applied.The generator is also found to have a stable and reproducible response to other liquids.An output voltage of 0.3 V was obtained after 244,876,931,and 184μs,on exposure of the generator to 6μL of water,ethanol,acetone,and methanol,respectively.The fast response time and high sensitivity to liquids show that the device has great potential for the detection of small quantities of liquid.In addition,the simple easily implemented sequential EPD method ensures the high mechanical strength of the device.This compact,reliable device provides a new method for the sensitive,rapid detection of extraneous liquids before they can impact the performance of electronic circuits,particularly those on printed circuit board.

Double Peak Derived from Piezoelectric Coefficient Nonlinearity and Proposal for Self-Powered Systems

With the development of wireless sensor network(WSN)applications in intelligent monitoring,additional support for the low power consumption wireless nodes can be provided by piezoceramics that harvest vibrational energy.First,we describe the effects of stimulation variations on piezoceramics and the energy harvesting circuit set-up.Two types of piezoceramics were stimulated at different frequencies and amplitudes to obtain the power output characteristics.Then,the energy harvesting circuit was studied and coupled with the piezoceramics.A double peak phenomenon was found in energy harvesting using a hard piezoceramic which gave a direct proof that the nonlinearity of the piezo constant should be considered in application.Finally,energy storage and output were studied and analyzed.Electronic components for the WSN were recommended according to the output power and the application.The results will give an instruction for piezoceramic energy harvesting under various stress amplitudes on its implementation.

A self-powered sensitive ultraviolet photodetector based on epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide

A self-powered graphene-based photodetector with high performance is particularly useful for device miniaturization and to save energy.Here,we report a graphene/silicon carbide（SiC）-based self-powered ultraviolet photodetector that exhibits a current responsivity of 7.4 m A/W with a response frequency of over a megahertz under 325-nm laser irradiation.The built-in photovoltage of the photodetector is about four orders of magnitude higher than previously reported results for similar devices.These favorable properties are ascribed to the ingenious device design using the combined advantages of graphene and SiC,two terminal electrodes,and asymmetric light irradiation on one of the electrodes.Importantly,the photon energy is larger than the band gap of SiC.This self-powered photodetector is compatible with modern semiconductor technology and shows potential for applications in ultraviolet imaging and graphene-based integrated circuits.

Origin of Initial Current Peak in High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering and Verification by Non-Sputtering Discharge

A non-sputtering discharge is utilized to verify the effect of replacement of gas ions by metallic ions and consequent decrease in the secondary electron emission coefficient in the discharge current curves in high-power impulse magnetron sputtering （HiPIMS）. In the non-sputtering discharge involving hydrogen, replacement of ions is avoided while the rarefaction still contributes. The initial peak and ensuing decay disappear and all the discharge current curves show a similar feature as the HiPIMS discharge of materials with low sputtering yields such as carbon. The results demonstrate the key effect of ion replacement during sputtering.

Perovskite-Inspired Lead-Free Ag2BiI5 for Self-Powered NIR-Blind Visible Light Photodetection

In recent years,solution-processible semiconductors with perovskite or perovskite-inspired structures have been extensively investigated for optoelectronic applications.In particular,silver-bismuth-halides have been identified as especially promising because of their bulk properties and lack of heavily toxic elements.This study investigates the potential of Ag2BiI5 for near-infrared(NIR)-blind visible light photodetection,which is critical to emerging applications(e.g.,wearable optoelectronics and the Internet of Things).Self-powered photodetectors were realized and provided a near-constant≈100 mA W−1 responsivity through the visible,a NIR rejection ratio of>250,a long-wavelength responsivity onset matching standard colorimetric functions,and a linear photoresponse of>5 orders of magnitude.The optoelectronic characterization of Ag2BiI5 photodetectors additionally revealed consistency with one-center models and the role of the carrier collection distance in self-powered mode.This study provides a positive outlook of Ag2BiI5 toward emerging applications on low-cost and low-power NIR-blind visible light photodetector.

SELF-DUAL PERMUTATION CODES OVER FORMAL POWER SERIES RINGS AND FINITE PRINCIPAL IDEAL RINGS

In this paper, we study self-dual permutation codes over formal power series rings and finite principal ideal rings. We first give some results on the torsion codes associated with the linear codes over formal power series rings. These results allow for obtaining some conditions for non-existence of self-dual permutation codes over formal power series rings. Finally, we describe self-dual permutation codes over finite principal ideal rings by examining permutation codes over their component chain rings.

基础学科对教育强国的战略支撑及其实现路径

加快建设中国特色、世界一流的大学和优势学科是教育强国建设的重中之重。学科是系统性的知识体系,也是大学的基层组织基础,是大学实施人才培养与科研活动的基本单元。基础学科作为以基础科学知识为研究内容的学科类别,是开展基础研究并产生原始创新成果的重要土壤,通过培养高水平创新人才和科研创新等途径对建设教育强国发挥战略支撑作用。实现基础学科对教育强国的战略支撑,需要聚焦国家战略需求,加强高校有组织基础研究能力建设;鼓励学科交叉融合,强化基础学科跨域协同创新能力建设;提升学科管理效能,持续深化对基础学科建设规律的认识;加大资源投入,确保基础学科发展的政策支持和制度保障。

超低阻呼吸防护用聚乳酸纳米纤维膜制备及长效过滤性能

长期暴露于大气环境中高浓度的细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))会对人类的长期健康效应产生消极影响,传统空气过滤材料难以兼顾高效、低阻的防护效果,且不可降解,不仅加剧全球塑料污染,还易产生更强的微塑料危害。为此,制备了一种具有空气滑移效应、自供能且可生物降解的纳米纤维膜,以保障长效、低阻呼吸防护。提出两步水热法制备平均粒径49.6 nm、易分散的BaTiO_(3)电介质,同时利用“静电纺丝-静电喷雾”法将BTO纳米颗粒(BTO NPs)原位嵌入PLA纤维膜,利用BTO NPs的摩擦电效应和尺寸效应同步调控纤维膜的过滤效率和空气阻力。通过控制喷雾悬浮液中BTO NPs的浓度,探讨其与PLA/BTO纤维膜电活性、过滤性能和力学性能之间的关系。微观表征和性能测试结果表明:PLA/BTO纤维膜具有优异的电活性、过滤性能及力学性能。PLA/BTO纤维膜表面电势可高达5.9 kV,介电常数达1.20 F/m,平均输出电压高达12.4 V;得益于增强的空气分子滑移效应和电活性,PLA/BTO10纤维膜在显著降低空气阻力(低至20 Pa)的同时,对PM_(0.3)过滤效率提升了7.78%~9.05%,对PM_(2.5)过滤效率提升了2.90%~13.19%,即使在85 L/min高测试流量下仍能保证高达97.25%的PM_(2.5)过滤效率;同时,PLA/BTO纤维膜拉伸强度增幅高达60%(拉伸强度22.5 MPa),断裂伸长率增幅高达68%(断裂伸长率25%),而断裂韧性最高可提升1.3倍(断裂韧性3.6 MJ/m^(3))。因此,提出的兼具长效、低阻过滤且可降解纤维膜在呼吸防护领域具有广阔的应用前景,也为缓解废弃口罩加剧的塑料污染现状提供了一种新思路。

基于CNN-SAEDN-Res的短期电力负荷预测方法

基于深度学习的序列模型难以处理混有非时序因素的负荷数据,这导致预测精度不足。提出一种基于卷积神经网络(CNN)、自注意力编码解码网络(SAEDN)和残差优化(Res)的短期电力负荷预测方法。特征提取模块由二维卷积神经网络组成,用于挖掘数据间的局部相关性,获取高维特征。初始负荷预测模块由自注意力编码解码网络和前馈神经网络构成,利用自注意力机制对高维特征进行自注意力编码,获取数据间的全局相关性,从而模型能根据数据间的耦合关系保留混有非时序因素数据中的重要信息,通过解码模块进行自注意力解码,并利用前馈神经网络回归初始负荷。引入残差机制构建负荷优化模块,生成负荷残差,优化初始负荷。算例结果表明,所提方法在预测精度和预测稳定性方面具有优势。

基于电磁感应自驱动传感器的呼吸率监测系统研究

呼吸率是呼吸功能的一个重要参数,实时监测呼吸率对发现和预防呼吸疾病有着重要意义。设计了一种基于电磁感应自驱动呼吸气流传感器的呼吸率监测系统,该系统将传感器置于口腔/鼻下通过监测呼吸气流的变化来监测人体的呼吸率。实验测得传感器在呼吸缓慢、呼吸正常、呼吸急促时周期分别为3.8,2.3,1.6 s,小于人呼吸周期时间(3~6 s),系统采用蓝牙通信技术传输数据,方便测试者移动。该系统实现了对人体呼吸率稳定、实时、准确的采集,为后续呼吸疾病的预防和诊断提供了一定的研究价值。

基于广域信息分析的智能配电网故障自愈技术研究

针对传统电网接地故障检测和自愈方法存在识别速度慢且精确度较低的问题,文中结合信号广域信息提出了一种配电网故障自愈方法。该方法构建了单相接地故障模型,并将零序电流作为分析的对象。将零序电流信号分解为时域、频域以及小波域分量来作为广域特征向量,并采用随机森林算法对其权重进行分类,利用LightGBM算法对分类后的广域特征向量加以训练,进而得到故障预测结果。在仿真测试中,所提算法能够抵抗过渡电阻与初始相位角变化对预测结果的影响,且其故障分析准确率的平均值为98.9%,在对比算法中为最优,表明该算法可为配电网故障自愈提供有效的技术支撑。

中西方体育文化软实力发展的价值取向及其深层动因

后冷战时代,随着文化的价值功能被重新定位,文化软实力竞争日益成为大国之间进行国力竞争的重要内容。美国等西方大国的体育文化软实力战略不同程度地充当了对外政策的工具,其目的在于按西方价值偏好塑造“新的他者”,重建西方体育主导地位;中国体育文化软实力建设则始终聚焦于自身发展,塑造“新的自我”,使中国以和平发展的崭新形象屹立于世界民族之林。之所以如此,根本原因在于,商业文明造就的西方体育文化作为世界体坛的一种强势文化,是西方现代性主流文化的衍生物,一定程度上带有“西方文明优越论”的文化偏见;而中国体育文化与生俱来地携带着中华文明天下观和美德伦理的先天基因,本质上是一种充满人文关怀、具有德性和包容性的柔性文化。在新的历史条件下,正确处理与西方体育文化的关系,建设中华民族现代体育文明,是中国体育文化软实力建设必须直面的时代课题。

一种应用于胎压监测的自供电系统研究

设计与制作了一种用于胎压监测的自供电系统,主要利用压电-光电复合能量收集装置及相匹配的能量管理与存储电路采集轮胎转动的机械能和自然界光能。实验测试表明:光电能量收集器在弱光环境下输出功率最低327μW,压电能量收集器在正常车速情况下平均输出功率为452μW,而复合能量输出平均功率达到1.32 mW。同时对胎压监测系统进行功耗分析,从能量收支平衡的角度验证监测系统10 s钟工作一次的可行性,利用轮胎转动的机械能与太阳能复合互补供电的胎压监测系统可长期自我维持,无需额外电池或备用电源,具有一定的应用参考价值。

个人信息的内生安全机制及其实现

个人信息处理的技术性、隐蔽性,使自上而下的“命令式”监管范式失效。数字时代,个人信息治理的重点是防止个人信息处理者滥用数据权力威胁国家安全、盘剥和操控个体。为有效控制数据权力这一风险源,国家应当督促个人信息处理者建立健全涵盖制度保障、组织程序保障的个人信息内生安全机制。通过监管激活个人信息处理者内部的自我规制机制,增强其内部的组织控制和行为规范化程度,消减个人信息处理的负外部性,实现个人信息处理的正和博弈。通过监管督促个人信息处理者强化内部治理机制,严格落实个人信息保护影响评估制度,遵从“三同步”要求将个人信息保护法规定的各项义务嵌入产品“代码”中,防控个人信息处理过程中妨害个人自主性、减损人格尊严的风险。

潘懋元先生的教育家精神

在当前全球化、信息化的时代背景下,教育对于国家发展的重要性日益凸显。作为推进教育强国建设的关键因素,“教育家精神”被视为引领教育事业不断前行的核心力量。通过综合运用文献分析与案例研究方法,全面梳理潘懋元先生在长达87年的教育生涯中所形成的教育理论与实践成果。研究发现,潘先生的教育家精神主要体现在以下几个方面:开拓创新、奋斗不息的精神;勇立潮头、与时俱进的精神;投身教育、无私奉献的精神;以生为本、大爱无疆的精神;胸怀天下、以文化人的精神。这些精神特质共同构成其深邃而独特的教育家风范,不仅为中国高等教育学科的发展树立了典范,更为新时代教育事业的改革与发展提供了重要的思想资源和实践指导。潘先生的教育家精神在新时代背景下具有特别重要的意义。他坚持立德树人,提高教师职业素养和道德水平;坚持育人为本,关注学生的全面发展和创新实践;坚定文化自信,推动中国教育走向世界。系统传承和弘扬潘懋元先生的教育家精神,将有助于新时代教育事业的繁荣发展,推动教育强国目标的实现。