Awareness of the Termination of Pregnancy Act of the Laws of Zambia among Women of Reproductive Age at Kanyama First Level Hospital in Lusaka District Zambia

Background: Termination of pregnancy (TOP) in Zambia is guided by the Termination of Pregnancy (TOP) Act of 1972 and as amended in 1994 of the laws of Zambia. However, despite provision of Comprehensive abortion care services with the liberal law, statistics at Kanyama First Level Hospital in relation to unsafe illegal abortions are alarming. This study sought to understand the Awareness on the TOP Act of the laws of Zambia among women of reproductive age 15 - 49 years at Kanyama First Level Hospital in Lusaka District. Purpose of the Study: To assess awareness on the TOP Act among women of reproductive age at Kanyama First Level Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Methodology: A convergent parallel mixed method design was conducted using both survey and in-depth interviews among women of reproductive age at Kanyama First Level Hospital in Lusaka District. The study surveyed 370 randomly sampled women aged 15 to 49 years old while the in-depth interviews included eight women purposively sampled from the survey population. Survey data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics while qualitative data thematic analysis was used. Results: The study found that 37% of the participants were aware of the TOP Act while 63.8% viewed legalization of abortion for any reason as wrong. The study results also showed that widowed women were 8 times more likely to be aware of the TOP Act compared to single women (AOR: 8.262;95% CI: 1.105, 61.778). Women in business were significantly more likely to be aware of the TOP Act compared to those who reported having no occupation. (AOR: 2.61;95% CI: 1.246, 5.499). Limited access to information, the social stigma attached to abortion, health care providers’ attitudes, cultural norms, values and religious beliefs, restrictive legal requirements, and absence of a supportive network were some of the barriers affecting awareness and utilization of available safe abortion care services. Conclusions: The research findings concluded that a significant lack of awareness among women of reproductive age regarding the Termination of Pregnancy (TOP) Act. The majority of respondents held the view that abortion should only be legalized for medical reasons. Furthermore, there was a notable gap in knowledge concerning the penal code’s provisions on abortion.

Women Awareness on the Importance of Agriculture Technologies Using ICT-Based Training Programs

Awareness policy intended to contribute to changing rural women realities to urgent needs of information and gain knowledge was to be demonstrated through in-depth information and communication technology-based(ICTs-based)training program that focused on the importance of advanced agricultural technologies in the production chain in developing countries like Egypt through access and use of the ICTs.Women are becoming well trained on the detailed steps of improved technologies applied in supply chain.Their increased awareness of the necessity of quality management to be followed during their work in the postharvest handling system helped them to produce high-quality products to meet the export requirements of foreign markets and add value to the export quality.Women have been able to reduce the extremely high losses that occurred due to improper handling in particular.The outcomes of proper and healthy procedures,precautions and personal protection were gained by rural women and technicians working in the supply chain.Moreover,women themselves became more confident in their know-how and more comfortable in transgressing cultural norms that inhibited their progress.

Breast cancer awareness in reproductive women in the low-and middle-income countries:a scoping review

Objective:This study aimed to assess breast cancer(BC)awareness among reproductive women in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs),identify influencing factors,and propose feasible interventions or programs.Methods:We followed a 5-step process using a modified version of Arksey and O’Malley framework methodology.A comprehensive search was conducted on the Embase,PubMed,and CINAHL electronic databases for literature published within 10 years(from 2012 to 2022).Results:Thirty-three papers published between 2012 and 2020,spanning 18 countries,were included.Of these,45.6%described a good level of knowledge,while 24.2%reported that women at reproductive ages had good awareness.Twelve influencing factors were identified in 3 categories:socio-demographic(family history,personal history,marital status,age,religion,income status,living place,and occupation),personal(self-efficacy,education,and perceived level),and external(advertisements promoting awareness).Educational programs were recommended in most(>72%)of the included studies.Conclusions:While most studies reported high levels of knowledge and awareness,some found low prevalence among certain groups.Factors affecting knowledge and awareness were classified into socio-demographic,personal,and external categories,with socio-demographic factors such as age,education,income,and marital status being the most frequently cited.The studies recommended implementing educational programs,health prevention strategies,and social interventions to increase BC knowledge and awareness.

The Changes in the Awareness of Cervical Cancer Prevention and the Acceptability of HPV Vaccines among Women after Their Introduction in China

Cervical cancer is a form of malignant tumor that seriously threatens women’s health. In China,according to the cancer statistics, 98,900 new cervical cancer cases and 30,500 deaths due to cervical cancer were estimated to have occurred in2015, and the incidence and mortality rates still exhibited an upward trend[1].

Awareness and knowledge of human papillomavirus vaccination and their influential factors among Chinese women: a systematic review

Objectives: To systematically review the knowledge attitudes and the influential factors on human papillomavirus(HPV) vaccination among Chinese women.Methods: Published studies on knowledge and attitudes of HPV vaccination for preventing cervical cancer among Chinese female population were retrieved using the major Chinese and English databases. Meanwhile, handwork retrieval was also conducted and the references including in the literature were retrieved. The quality of the literature was rigorously evaluated and extracted independently by two researchers and the data were analyzed and described by review manager 5.3(RevMan5.3) software.Results: In all, 19 articles including 8 articles in Chinese and 11 in English were chosen. A total of 30,176 participants were included and the sample size ranged from 64 to 6,024. The overall awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine among Chinese women was at a low level. Chinese women generally showed poor knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccine. Acceptance of HPV vaccination among Chinese women was at a high level. Vaccination intentions were influenced by the theory of planned behavior(TPB) and measured by attitudes subjective norms and perceived behavioral control.Conclusions: The health authorities may evaluate and develop TPB-based interventions to increase HPV vaccination intentions of Chinese women. HPV vaccination programs should focus on carrying out multi-level and targeted health education and developing effective public health strategies after balancing the cost and benefit of HPV vaccine program. Medical staff should play the positive role in promoting the use of HPV vaccines in China. Integration of policy and community perspectives and multi-level interventions are essential to maximize the public health benefits of HPV vaccination.

Awareness about transmission and preventive measures of COVID-19 from mother to child: A cross-sectional study among pregnant women

Objective:To study the knowledge,attitude,and practice of pregnant women regarding transmission and preventive measures of COVID-19 from mother to child and to determine the reasons for vaccine hesitancy.Methods:This observational cross-sectional knowledge,attitude,and practice study was conducted among pregnant women of any trimester,attending the antenatal care out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow from October 2020 to March 2021.All the participants were interviewed using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire for desired information.Reasons for vaccine hesitancy were also asked to assess their unwillingness to get vaccinated.Results:Totally 652 pregnant women were included and 91.3%were aware that COVID-19 spread through contact with an infected person and 85.3%knew that COVID-19 spread by respiratory droplets.Of pregnant women,95.7%perceived that social distancing and wearing a proper mask were effective ways to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and 96.8%of the pregnant women wore masks regularly when going out.Of pregnant women,79.0%were hesitant to get vaccinated.The most common reason was that COVID-19 vaccine can harm the developing fetus(77.5%)and was not very safe in pregnancy(75.0%).Conclusions:Of the pregnant women,22.92%have unsatisfactory knowledge regarding COVID-19,35.63%have negative attitude and 19.93%have poor practices,indicating that there are still gaps in awareness,and majority of them are unwilling to get vaccinated.Good awareness will help prevent the occurrence of future COVID-19 waves in India.

Factors associated with cervical cancer knowledge and practice among Bahraini women

The study was conducted to assess the women’s knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening,to support the health education programs in this field.A total sample of 350 women(n = 350 ),70 women from each health center was chosen based on a multistage sampling technique according to a number of 21 health centers that serve the population.One health center from each government was selected based on the population it serves,thus the health center with the highest population number was chosen.The main tool of data collection was a face to face interview questionnaire.When assessing the knowledge,attitude, and practice(KAP) of our sample,we observed that approximately equal percentages(70%) of women have heard of both Pap smear and cervical cancer.Only 47.4%had ever had Pap smear and of those 35.1% had it during a period of 5 years or less.The main source of knowledge for those who have done the procedure is the family physician(30.8%).When asked about the reason behind having a Pap smear,the majority (62.3%) had it during postnatal visits.Nevertheless,those that didnt have it,almost half(46.6%) disapproved to do so because they are healthy even after being told that Pap smear is a painless significant procedure. In conclusion,majority of respondents have a good knowledge about cervical cancer but is not reflected in their practice.The results strongly recommend continued health education for the women which can be achieved through the introduction of this topic into the schools’curriculum and planning educational programs within antenatal and postnatal visits.

Economically Challenged Women in Disaster Risk Management: Toward a Resilient Filipino Community

The social and cultural norms shape gender roles which sometimes deprive women of the opportunity to prepare for natural calamities. But the disastrous effect of natural disasters spares no one. It knows no gender. Most of the time, women more than men bear the worse of consequences. The study measures and describes the impact of disaster preparedness sessions on the perception of economically challenged women in Philippines. By using a mixed qualitative and quantitative research method the study found that: 1) the majority of women participants are willing to undergo training in disaster preparedness;2) their awareness in disaster preparedness improved from “basic” to “high” level;3) their level of action in disaster preparedness is still on the “planning stage” and;4) the program effectively changed their attitude towards disaster preparedness and mitigation. The study provided insights on the potential of women in disaster preparedness toward a disaster resilient Filipino community.

Exploring awareness of obstetric fistula in Eastern and Northern Nigeria:perceived causes,symptoms,and availability of treatment services

Background:Evidence suggests that there are approximately two female genital fistula cases per 1000 women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa.It is estimated that more than 200,000 women are affected by fistula in Nigeria,primarily due to obstetric causes.Awareness has been indicated as a risk factor for the development of obstetric fistula.This study explored the awareness of obstetric fistula such as causes,symptoms,and availability of and access to treatment services in southeastern and northwestern Nigeria.Methods:An exploratory qualitative study design was used to conduct this research in Kano and Ebonyi states in northern and eastern Nigeria,respectively.A total of six(6)focus group discussions were conducted with three categories of participants:women who were successfully repaired and discharged(n=2),community-married men(n=2),and women(n=2).Forty-four(44)In-depth interviews were conducted three categories of participants:18 with women with fistula who were either awaiting repair or had been repaired;6 family member caregivers accompanying fistula patients,and 20 health service providers at fistula repair centers.We developed a data analysis plan based on the emerging themes.The transcripts and field notes were imported into QSR Nvivo version 11 and coded accordingly.Content and thematic analysis was run by inductively drawing themes based on the elicited information from participants.Results:There was lack of knowledge of obstetric fistula and its causes among married men and women in the community,caregivers,and some patients were unaware of what caused their fistula for years.In this study,none of the community men and women nor caregivers correctly identified the causes and symptoms of a fistula or knew where to seek treatment.Knowledge about fistula was more common among women who had undergone repairs.Some repaired women attributed the cause of fistula to the providers who attended to them during delivery.Conclusions:Findings reveal a widespread lack of awareness of obstetric fistula onset and awareness of the availability of repair services at the community level.There is an urgent need to explore multi-pronged strategies for increasing awareness of obstetric fistula and available treatment services among women and other community members.

坚守与沉沦:小议《包公案》折射的中国妇女情感世界

明代国家对妇女贞节观的要求日趋严苛,地方志中数以千计的旌表名单与《包公案》中频繁出现的偷情、通奸、失节妇女形成强烈对比。判官包公作为正统的文官对案件中失贞妇女进行严苛制裁的同时,也存在适当放宽的例子。恰恰是在这种相对宽松的民间判体公案中,不仅可以窥见明中期妇女对礼教的固守、对爱情的向往、对通奸的沉沦,还可以看到基层社会妇女对贞洁观的挑战、自我意识的增强以及社会现实与礼法规范之间存在的差距。

循证理念支持下多维可视化健康教育对剖宫产初产妇母乳喂养认知度及成功率的影响

目的探讨循证理念支持下多维可视化健康教育对剖宫产初产妇母乳喂养认知度及成功率的影响。方法选取2021年6月至2022年12月期间于郑州大学第五附属医院产科进行剖宫产手术的120例初产产妇作为研究对象,根据所行护理时间不同,将2021年6月至2022年4月期间予以剖宫产术后常规干预的60例产妇纳为对照组,将2021年4月至2022年12月期间予以循证理念支持下多维可视化健康教育干预的60例产妇纳为循证组,两组均干预至出院。比较两组产妇喂养认知度、术后24 h以内喂养成功率、产后泌乳始动时间、喂养意愿以及护理满意度。结果干预后,循证组医院自制母乳喂养知识问卷总分、术后24 h以内喂养成功率均高于对照组(P<0.05),产后泌乳始动时间短于对照组(P<0.05);循证组母乳喂养动机量表下各维度评分、中文版母乳喂养自我效能简式量表评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);循证组护理满意度量表下各维度评分及总分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论循证理念支持下多维可视化健康教育可明显提升剖宫产初产妇母乳喂养认知度与喂养成功率,缩短产后泌乳始动时间,提高产妇喂养意愿和护理满意度。

数字化虚拟仿真技术在服装项目设计课程中的应用研究

随着科技飞速发展,虚拟仿真技术在服装领域的应用日益广泛。探讨其在服装项目设计课程中的应用研究,分析其在提高教学质量、丰富教学资源、优化教学策略和培养学生创新能力等方面的优势,并提出实施策略。通过中式女装案例分析,该技术能显著提升学生的设计创新和实践操作能力和环保意识。

育龄女性生殖健康教育干预对提升其自我保护意识的价值

目的探讨与分析育龄女性生殖健康教育干预对提升其自我保护意识的价值。方法选择2019年9月—2022年12月在榆林市妇幼保健院进行生殖干预的120例育龄女性作为研究对象,根据1:1随机数表法将其分为研究组与传统组,每组各60例。传统组给予常规干预措施,研究组在传统组干预措施的基础上给予生殖健康教育干预,两组干预观察时间均为6个月,记录与比较两组生殖健康认知评分、健康行为占比、满意度及生活质量评分。结果两组干预6个月后的生殖健康认知评分均高于干预前,且研究组干预6个月后的生殖健康认知评分与传统组相比也显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预6个月后研究组的定期清洗阴道与外阴、注重经期卫生、合理处理白带异常、健康性生活行为等占比明显高于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预6个月后研究组的干预满意度高于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预6个月后研究组的躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、物质生活等生活质量评分均显著高于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论育龄女性生殖健康教育干预能提升其自我保护意识,提高生殖健康认知评分,提高干预满意度,也可提高育龄女性的生活质量。

山东省庆云县2020年-2022年育龄女性孕前保健知识知晓率及其影响因素调查

目的探讨与调查2020年—2022年山东省庆云县育龄女性孕前保健知识知晓率及其影响因素。方法采取便利整群抽样的方法,选取2020年1月—2022年12月在庆云县妇幼保健院进行调查的山东省庆云县孕前育龄女性2883例作为研究对象,调查所有育龄女性的一般资料、保健需求评分、保健知识知晓情况并进行相关性与多因素分析。结果在2883例育龄女性中,对孕前保健概况、孕前保健预防知识、孕前相关疾病治疗知识、孕前保健危险因素的知晓率等孕前保健知识知晓率为92.4%。2883例育龄女性对于生殖安全性、生殖健康教育、生殖健康行为、生殖健康态度等保健需求评分总分为(9.83±0.24)分。Pearson分析显示山东省庆云县2020年—2022年育龄女性孕前保健需求总分与年龄、文化程度、职业状态、来源地等存在相关性(P<0.05)。多元逐步回归分析显示,年龄、文化程度、职业状态、来源地都为影响育龄女性孕前保健服务需求总分的重要因素(P<0.05)。结论山东省庆云县2020年—2022年育龄女性孕前保健知识的知晓率有待提高,保健需求愿望比较强烈,年龄、文化程度、职业状态、来源地都为影响育龄女性孕前保健服务需求总分的重要因素。

中国小城市妇女的环境意识与消费选择

本文根据在中国6个中小城市的问卷调查结果 ,分析了中国小城市妇女对环境保护的知晓程度、对环境问题的认知水平、环境保护意识现状 ,以及妇女的环境消费现状 ,并针对目前我国妇女的环保意识水平和对环境保护的参与水平较低的特点 ,提出了如何增强妇女的环保意识 ,引导妇女积极参与环境保护、引导环境消费的具体建议。

部分地区农村妇女宫颈癌防治认知及行为状况调查

目的了解我国东中西部不同地区农村妇女对宫颈癌防治相关知识及最终参与检查的情况。方法在全国东中西部地区分别选取4个省7个农村妇女宫颈癌检查项目县(区),采取多阶段分层随机抽样的方法抽取358名35～64岁的农村妇女进行问卷调查。结果 2.2%的妇女未听说过宫颈癌,30. 1%不了解宫颈癌可能出现性交后阴道出血,有14. 0%的调查对象表示不知道宫颈癌发病危险因素,35. 5%不了解高危型HPV感染是宫颈癌发病原因。认为宫颈癌是不可预防的占7. 8%,仅有16.1%的妇女了解首次性行为前注射HPV疫苗可以预防宫颈癌。调查对象知识获取途径≤3种、4～6种、≥7种的分别为47.2%、32.1%及20. 7%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,宫颈癌防治知识的影响因素主要有职业(OR=1.519, 95%CI:1.083～2. 129)、文化程度(OR=1.407, 95%CI:1.011～1.957)、获取知识的途径(OR=2.056, 95%CI:1.453～2.909)和得到专业人士讲解(OR=1.967, 95%CI:1.136～3.405)。有91.1%的调查对象曾经接受过宫颈癌筛查,8. 9%未进行。主动寻求筛查的妇女宫颈癌防治相关知识得分高于被动筛查的妇女(P <0.001)。结论农村妇女宫颈癌防治相关知识缺乏,宫颈癌防治相关知识水平与最终筛查行为密切相关,应采取各种有效的手段对农村妇女及社会公众进行更广泛的健康教育。

新疆生产建设兵团育龄妇女叶酸知识知晓情况调查

目的:了解新疆生产建设兵团育龄妇女叶酸知识知晓情况。方法:采取整群分层、四阶段、概率比例抽样方法随机抽样,共调查育龄妇女7333人;对影响兵团育龄妇女叶酸知晓率的因素进行单因素和非条件Logistic逐步回归分析。结果:兵团育龄妇女的叶酸知晓率为31.37%;居住在师直、年龄25～34岁、汉族、受教育程度高、已婚、从事非农业、家庭年收入高、经常看书报杂志、近2年收到过生殖健康宣传材料的妇女叶酸知晓率高。结论:应积极采取叶酸增补干预措施,加强健康教育,重点加强农村、未婚和少数民族妇女叶酸知识的普及,促进经济发展,提高妇女受教育程度是提高育龄妇女叶酸知晓率的根本途径。

西安市社区女性乳腺癌认知及影响因素分析

目的探讨西安市社区女性乳腺癌健康认知现状及影响因素,为开展乳腺癌预防教育提供依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样法,对西安市社区1 000名女性采用问卷调查方法对其乳腺癌健康认知现状进行研究,研究其认知现状及其影响因素。结果西安市社区女性的乳腺癌知识平均得分为(26. 273±9. 960)分,正确认知率50. 944%,乳腺癌健康认知得分与年龄、户口、学历、接受乳腺保健宣传、了解乳房自检、月经规律相关(P <0. 05)。结论西安市社区女性对乳腺癌的健康认知水平有待于提高,开展乳腺癌防治知识的社区健康教育是有效途径之一,尤其是对年龄大、学历低、月经不规律的农村社区女性。

3省区已婚妇女妇幼保健知识知晓率及影响因素研究

目的了解卫生九项目健康教育目标人群对妇幼保健知识的知晓情况,并探讨影响知晓率的相关因素。方法在湖南、海南、贵州3个项目省随机整群抽取36个村,由经统一培训的调查员采用询问方式对目标人群进行问卷调查,调查结果采用SAS9.0进行统计分析。结果3省区已婚妇女幼保健知识总知晓率为87.83%,住院分娩最安全和孕妇吸烟有害健康2项知识的知晓率最高,分别为98.83%和98.46%;小孩多吃橘黄色的蔬菜和水果能够促进视觉发育的知晓率较低,为66.47%。目标人群的年龄、民族、文化程度、生育状况、学习健康教育知识的态度及对当地健康教育工作的评价是影响目标人群知晓率的因素。结论项目省目标人群知晓率较高,目标人群对妇幼保健核心信息掌握较好,但在健康教育活动的开展中,还应该进一步提高针对性和适宜性。

孕妇对梅毒母婴传播防治知识知晓情况调查

目的 :了解孕妇对梅毒母婴传播防治知识的知晓情况,为梅毒母婴传播防控工作提供依据。方法 :使用梅毒母婴传播相关知识问卷,调查城市、农村居民与流动人口3类人群共1274名孕妇的梅毒母婴传播防治知识知晓情况。结果 :孕妇人群整体的梅毒基本知识知晓率为56.91%,其中城市、农村居民和流动人口分别为72.72%、51.35%、44.44%,城市孕妇知晓率高于后二者。广播、电视、报刊书籍和网络是孕妇获取知识的主要来源。结论 :孕妇对梅毒防治知识知晓率仍较低,改进婚前、孕前保健服务质量以提高孕妇对梅毒母婴传播知识的认知,是有效预防和控制先天性梅毒的关健。