Comparison of Self-Strength, Seeking Help and Happiness between Pakistani and Chinese Adolescents: A Positive Psychology Inquiry

Adolescents’emotions and preferences are influenced by their childhood experiences.In today’s world,there is a pervasive eagerness for happiness.Happiness has been linked to feelings of self-strength,seeking help,and psy-chological health.The current quantitative research was designed with a positive psychological perspective to compare Pakistani and Chines adolescents’self-strength,seeking help,and happiness.The research design of the study was causal-comparative.The study population consisted of 400 Pakistani and 409 Chinese adolescents studying in the elementary grades of both countries.The sample was selected by using a simple random sampling technique.It consisted of 413 boys(51%)and 396 girls(49%),319(39)of them were from the age group of 13–14 years,386(48%)of them were from the age group of 15–16 years,and 104(12.9%)were from the age group of 17–18 years.Three different scales were developed to collect study data.Independent sample t-test and simple linear regression were used to test study hypotheses.The analysis revealed that Pakistani adolescents have signifi-cantly higher self-strength,seeking help and happiness than their counterparts.It was also found that adolescents’self-strength and seeking help significant affect their happiness.Based on thefindings,it was suggested to inves-tigate the factors contributing to the improved self-strength,seeking help,and happiness of Pakistani adolescents.It was also recommended to investigate the mediating effect of adolescents’self-strength on the relationship between their happiness and seeking help.

基于HELP模式的集束化干预策略在老年髋部骨折术后谵妄护理中的应用

目的探讨基于医院老年生活计划(the hospital elder life program,HELP)模式的集束化干预策略对老年髋部骨折患者术后谵妄的预防及护理效果。方法选取2019年9月至2022年6月住院并手术的老年髋部骨折患者167例,用数字表法随机分为对照组87例和观察组80例,分别收住A病区和B病区。其中对照组患者给予骨折围手术期常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上,增加基于HELP模式的集束化干预方案进行谵妄的预防及护理。结果观察组患者谵妄发生率(8.75%)低于对照组(20.69%),谵妄持续时间(3.36±0.56)d短于对照组(4.25±1.03)d,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者术后3 d内疼痛评分、术后40项恢复质量评分、住院费用、出院时患者满意度调查评分均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组患者术后重度疼痛发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论基于HELP模式的集束化干预策略应用于老年髋部骨折术后谵妄护理,能有效地降低了患者术后谵妄的发生率,最大程度提高患者术后恢复质量,提高患者满意度。

Turning Dreams Into Reality China is committed to helping African countries to build their space capability

An important feature of China developing its aerospace industry is its insistence on self-reliance and independent innovation,because China firmly believes that aerospace is a hi-tech industry and high core technologies cannot be bought.Only by mastering core technologies can China firmly grasp the initiative in development.

基于HELP理念在预防高龄髋部骨折患者术后谵妄护理的应用

构建基于HELP理念的多学科干预方案,并探讨其在预防高龄患者髋部骨折术后谵妄的应用效果。方法 在证据检索总结下形成相关预防护理管理方案。选取收治于上海市同仁医院骨科的高龄髋部骨折患者,将其中2021年07月-2022年06月的纳入对照组,进行常规护理;降2022年07月-2023年6月的纳入实验组,进行上述护理管理方案的落实。最后对比两组的护理效果。结果 实验组的POD发生率远低于对照组(P<0.05),但两组在POD持续时间和睡眠时间方面的对比,差异不存在统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 为高龄髋部骨折患者提供基于HELP理念的多学科干预方案,可以预防术后谵妄的发生,效果比较突出,值得临床推广应用。

Female Sex Workers and Their Association with Self-Help Groups in Thane, Maharashtra, India: A Comparative Analysis in the Context of HIV Program Outcome

Objectives: Understanding the role of Self-Help Group (SHG) in light of the evolving dynamics of sex work needs to be delved into to strategize HIV interventions among FSWs in India. This paper aims to study the HIV program outcome among the FSWs associated with SHGs and FSWs not associated with SHGs in Thane, Maharashtra. Study Design: This cross-sectional study was undertaken from the Behavioral Tracking Survey (BTS) conducted among 503 FSWs in Thane in 2015. Two-stage probability based conventional sampling was done for selection of brothel and bar based FSWs, while Time Location Cluster (TLC) sampling was done for home, lodge and street based sex workers. Methods: Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to compare and contrast between FSWs associated with SHG and those not associated with SHG with respect to the utilization of HIV related services by them. “Condom use”, “consistent condom use”, “contact with peer-educators”, “counseling sessions” and “HIV testing” were chosen as indicators on HIV service utilization. Results: 8% (38) of FSWs are registered with SHG;92% aged ≥25 years, 47% illiterate, and 71% are currently married. The likelihood of utilizing HIV services including, knowledge on HIV/AIDS and its mode of transmission (OR: 5.54;CI: 1.87 - 16.60;p Conclusions: Considering the improved HIV program outcomes among FSWs associated with SHG, HIV interventions among FSWs could consider facilitating the formation of SHGs with FSWs as one of the key strategies to empower the community for ensuring better program outcomes.

Rapid evolution of T2/S-RNase genes in Fragaria linked to multiple transitions from self-incompatibility to self-compatibility

The T2/RNase gene family is widespread in eukaryotes,and particular members of this family play critical roles in the gametophytic self-incompatibility(GSI) system in plants.Wild diploid strawberry(Fragaria)species have diversified their sexual systems via self-incompatible and self-compatible traits,yet how these traits evolved in Fragaria remains elusive.By integrating the published and de novo assembled genomes and the newly generated RNA-seq data,members of the RNase T2 gene family were systematically identified in six Fragaria species,including three self-incompatible species(Fragaria nipponica,Fragaria nubicola,and Fragaria viridis) and three self-compatible species(Fragaria nilgerrensis,Fragaria vesca,and Fragaria iinumae).In total,115 RNase T2 genes were identified in the six Fragaria genomes and can be classified into three classes(Ⅰ-Ⅲ) according to phylogenetic analysis.The identified RNase T2 genes could be divided into 22 homologous gene sets according to amino acid sequence similarity and phylogenetic and syntenic relationships.We found that extensive gene loss and pseudogenization coupled with small-scale duplications mainly accounted for variations in the RNase T2 gene numbers in Fragaria.Multiple copies of homologous genes were mainly generated from tandem and segmental duplication events.Furthermore,we newly identified five S-RNase genes in three self-incompatible Fragaria genomes,including two in F.nipponica,two in F.viridis,and one in F.nubicola,which fit for typical features of a pistil determinant,including highly pistil-specific expression,highly polymorphic proteins and alkaline isoelectric point(pI),while no S-RNase genes were found in all three selfcompatible Fragaria species.Surprisingly,these T2/S-RNase genes contain at least one large intron(>10 kb).This study revealed that the rapid evolution of T2/S-RNase genes within the Fragaria genus could be associated with its sexual mode,and repeated evolution of the self-compatible traits in Fragaria was convergent via losses of S-RNase.

Region coverage control for multiple stratospheric airships with combined self-/event-triggered mechanism

The region coverage control problem of multiple stratospheric airships system is firstly addressed in this paper.Towards it,we propose a two-layer control framework with the artificial potential field(APF)-based region coverage control law and the adaptive tracking control law.The APF-based region coverage control law ensures the coverage task is achieved until every single stratospheric airship ends up performing station keeping where near the respective global minimum point,in which an innovative solution to the local minimum problem is put forward.The adaptive tracking control law is designed to realize motion control using tracking the desired velocity and angular velocity given by coverage control law,with the consideration of several practical control problems as unknown individual differences and external disturbances.To save resources,the combined self-/event-triggered mechanism designed therein significantly reduces the times of state information transmission and control law calculation.The effectiveness of the proposed control framework is verified through simulations.

Four ways blue foods can help achieve food system ambitions across nations

Blue foods,sourced in aquatic environments,are important for the economies,livelihoods,nutritional security and cultures of people in many nations.They are often nutrient rich1,generate lower emissions and impacts on land and water than many terrestrial meats2,and contribute to the health3,wellbeing and livelihoods of many rural communities4.

Could chatbots help devise the next pandemic virus

An MIT class exercise suggests AI tools can be used to order a bioweapon,but some are skeptical.Science.2023 Jun 23;380(6651):1211.doi:10.1126/science.adj3377.Epub 2023 Jun 22.

敬畏与助人的关系:自我-他人重叠的中介作用

为探索特质性敬畏与状态性敬畏与助人之间的关系及其心理机制,研究一采用问卷法探讨了特质性敬畏与助人行为的关系及自我-他人重叠的中介作用;研究二采用实验法探讨了状态性敬畏对助人行为的影响及自我-他人重叠的中介作用。结果表明:(1)个体的特质性敬畏水平越高,其助人行为水平也越高;(2)自我-他人重叠在特质性敬畏情绪与助人行为间起不完全中介作用;(3)与中性情绪相比,状态性敬畏能显著增加个体的金钱助人行为,但对时间助人行为没有显著影响;(4)自我-他人重叠在状态性敬畏与时间助人行为间起中介作用。研究从自我-他人之间联系的角度揭示了敬畏影响助人的作用机制,拓展了敬畏与社会行为的关系研究。

基于HELP模式的骨科老年病人术后谵妄中医联合干预方案的构建与应用

目的:构建基于住院老年病人生活项目干预(HELP)模式的骨科老年病人术后谵妄中医联合干预方案,以降低老年病人术后谵妄的发生。方法:选取2021年7月—2022年9月于河南省洛阳正骨医院(河南省骨科医院)首次拟行全身麻醉骨科手术的213例老年病人为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将其随机分为对照组106例及观察组107例。对照组实施骨科围术期常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上构建并给予基于HELP模式的骨科老年病人术后谵妄中医联合干预方案。比较两组术后谵妄发生情况、相关不良事件发生情况、睡眠情况及住院时间。结果:术后5 d内观察组病人谵妄发生率低于对照组,持续时间短于对照组,严重程度轻于对照组,术后谵妄所致不良事件发生率低于对照组,每日睡眠时间长于对照组,睡眠障碍指数(ISI)得分低于对照组,住院时间短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于HELP模式的骨科老年病人术后谵妄中医联合干预能降低老年病人术后谵妄发生率,减轻谵妄严重程度,延长睡眠时间,改善睡眠质量,缩短病人住院时间。

《如何在崛起的亚洲富得流油》对自助文学的戏仿

巴基斯坦裔英国作家莫欣·哈米德的小说《如何在崛起的亚洲富得流油》中采用自助文学的叙述模式,讲述自我奋斗者“你”成长、成功和幻灭的人生经历。他有意将小说包装成致富指南,却又不吝笔墨地对成功指南和致富经验予以否定和批判,以“你”的肮脏致富模式消解自助文学中的励志话语。作家将后现代戏仿作为一种批判性的叙事策略,通过表里相悖的叙述,引导读者反思盲目追求经济高速发展背后的隐患和危机,达到评价以道德沦丧和破坏环境为代价的经济发展模式的创作旨趣。

是谁在努力——医疗募捐情境下力量情绪诉求类型对个体捐赠意愿的影响研究

力量情绪诉求是一种被广泛应用于医疗募捐情境下的诉求策略,但学术领域对其的研究仍处于起步阶段。本文通过3项实验探究了不同类型的力量情绪诉求对于个体捐赠意愿的影响及机制。研究发现,两种类型的力量诉求均会对个体捐赠意愿产生积极的影响,但自我力量诉求主要通过预期内疚来提高个人捐赠意愿,而他人力量诉求主要通过感知自助来提高个人捐赠意愿。低权力感个体更加偏好自我力量诉求,而高权力感个体更加偏好他人力量诉求。本文不仅丰富了慈善领域关于情绪诉求的理论研究成果,还为医疗募捐网站的募捐实践提供了管理启示。

自力救济视角下的治安信任探究

随着社会非正式控制力的减弱和社会成员权利意识的增强,社会治安矛盾纠纷不断增多,给人们带来心理压力的同时,也产生了更多社会安全隐患。如果不能有效解决社会成员对治安保障的需求和期待,自力救济就会成为其解决纠纷的首选项。以自力救济现象为切入点,从道德和法律层面阐释分析治安与信任之间的联系,可以发现自力救济者与治安信任的动态转变影响着社会成员能否克服社会文化属性的焦虑并参与到社会治安的正向循环中来,进而协助政府排除社会治安风险,实现由和谐治安秩序的维护到治安信任的转变。对此,可从营造邻里文化氛围,夯实治安信任基础;完善多元纠纷解决机制,建立警民和谐信任关系;整合社会治安信任资源,深化政务制度信任等方面探究符合我国治安现状的信任机制和对策。

宜人性和助人行为对遵从排斥者心理代价的影响

为探究被排斥者的自身特点与遵从排斥者心理代价间的关系,研究采用经典网络掷球范式,通过2个实验探讨了被排斥者的宜人性和助人行为对遵从排斥者心理代价的影响。实验1发现,相较于非宜人性个体,遵从他人指令排斥宜人个体的心理代价更高;实验2发现,相较于非宜人性非助人行为个体,遵从他人指令排斥宜人性助人行为个体的心理代价更高。

帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪定性之探讨

现有帮信罪定性观点均以共犯理论为依托,但无论正犯说、共犯说抑或并合说,均无法对司法解释中通常属于共犯、例外属于正犯的双重属性界定予以兼顾,因此唯有摆脱共犯理论方能实现帮信罪的准确定性。误用共犯理论的原因在于帮信罪共犯型的犯罪构成,而为帮信罪赋予独立的犯罪构成资格即可在理论纠偏的同时实现其准确定性。“他人利用信息网络实施犯罪”作为帮信罪条文中共犯特征的标志性表述,为其给予独立的构成要件要素定位即可赋予帮信罪独立的犯罪构成资格,且“他人利用信息网络实施犯罪”只得视为帮信罪客观情状。由此,帮信罪得以实现当然的正犯定性。

小学高年级学生友善品质对助人行为的影响:积极情绪的中介作用

为探讨友善品质对小学高年级学生助人行为的影响,分析积极情绪在其中的作用,采用《中国中小学生积极心理品质量表》《积极-消极情绪量表》《小学生分享行为、助人行为问卷》对小学4~6年级的197名学生进行调查,运用SPSS 22.0软件进行独立样本t检验、方差分析和皮尔逊相关分析,以及Process 4.1宏程序插件中的偏差校正的非参数百分位Boot-strap方法对有效数据进行统计分析.结果发现:1)小学高年级学生友善品质和助人行为的均值都显著大于理论中值(p<0.05);2)性别与年级在小学高年级学生助人行为上交互作用显著(p<0.05);3)友善品质与积极情绪的不同水平在助人行为上存在显著差异(p<0.05);4)友善品质、积极情绪和助人行为三者两两之间呈显著的正相关关系,相关系数在0.28~0.49(p<0.05);5)友善品质能正向预测积极情绪(β=0.50,t=7.91),积极情绪和友善品质能共同正向预测助人行为(β=0.16,t=2.08;β=0.20,t=2.71);6)在中介模型中,友善品质的总效应(c=0.28)和直接效应(c′=0.20)、积极情绪的中介效应(ab=0.08)在Boot-strap 95%的置信区间均不包含0,表明积极情绪在友善品质与助人行为间的中介效应显著,中介效应占比为(ab/c)100%=28.57%.研究表明:小学高年级学生友善品质和助人行为发展较好,积极情绪在友善品质与助人行为间起部分中介作用.

国外公共图书馆家庭作业辅导服务调研及其启示

文章采用网络调研法,选取国外26家公共图书馆作为调研对象,从服务主体、服务内容、服务对象、服务方式、服务资源5个方面调查国外公共图书馆家庭作业辅导服务现状,梳理其主要特点,从建立广泛的对外合作关系、构建家庭作业分级辅导服务体系、增强服务主体的主动服务意识、推动“空间转向”下的服务方式与服务资源升级方面提出推进我国公共图书馆家庭作业辅导服务发展的策略。

资源整合视角下社会工作介入困境儿童帮扶中的问题研究——以S市J街道为例

本文以S市J街道为例,探究了在政社合作帮扶行动中出现的帮扶呈现循环、帮扶者主次混淆、服务次数不平均等问题。分析了问题的出现有缺少关系转介、信息资料不全、缺乏协作规章、服务者违背专业伦理、评估过于量化等几点原因。并基于资源整合视角下,通过建立信息共享平台和关系转介机制、确立协作制度、提升服务者专业能力和完善评估机制作为对策。以达到困境儿童的有效帮扶、使其摆脱现有困境的目的。

感激导向人力资源管理实践的驱动机制及其作用机理

目前关于战略人力资源管理实践的研究过度关注结果导向而忽视了员工福祉,员工作为企业最重要的资源,其付出需要组织给予认可与肯定。然而,感激导向人力资源管理实践是由何种因素形成,又会给组织、部门及个体带来何种影响,既有文献缺乏系统思考和实证研究。鉴于此,本文将探究中国情境下感激导向人力资源管理实践的驱动机制与作用机理。首先,探讨感激导向人力资源管理实践的形成因素。其次,探讨感激导向人力资源管理实践对组织韧性与企业社会责任的影响机制。再次,探讨感激导向人力资源管理实践对领导感激表达的影响机制。最后,探讨感激导向人力资源管理实践对员工帮助行为的影响机制。本文拓展了工作场所组织感激的研究视角,为组织优化人力资源管理实践提供参考和借鉴。