Sociodemographic determinants associated with breastfeeding in term infants with low birth weight in Latin American countries

BACKGROUND A progressive decrease in exclusive breastfeeding(BF)is observed in Latin America and the Caribbean compared with global results.The possibility of being breastfed and continuing BF for>6 months is lower in low birth weight than in healthy-weight infants.AIM To identify factors associated with BF maintenance and promotion,with particular attention to low-and middle-income countries,by studying geographic,socioeconomic,and individual or neonatal health factors.METHODS A scoping review was conducted in 2018 using the conceptual model of social determinants of health published by the Commission on Equity and Health Inequalities in the United States.The extracted data with common characteristics were synthesized and categorized into two main themes:(1)Sociodemographic factors and proximal determinants involved in the initiation and maintenance of BF in low-birth-weight term infants in Latin America;and(2)individual characteristics related to the self-efficacy capacity for BF maintenance and adherence in low-birth-weight term infants.RESULTS This study identified maternal age,educational level,maternal economic capacity,social stratum,exposure to BF substitutes,access to BF information,and quality of health services as mediators for maintaining BF.CONCLUSION Individual self-efficacy factors that enable BF adherence in at-risk populations should be analyzed for better health outcomes.

Molecular weight determination of a newly synthesized guanidinylated disulfide-containing poly(amido amine) by gel permeation chromatography

A cationic gene delivery vector, guanidinylated disulfide-containing poly(amido amine)(CARCBA), was synthesized by Michael addition reaction between N,N′-cystaminebisacrylamide(CBA) and guanidine hydrochloride(CAR). Gel permeation chromatography(GPC) was used to evaluate the molecular weight of synthesized CAR-CBA. Polyethyleneimine(PEI) with molecular weight of 25 kDa was adopted as a reference, and polyethylene glycols(PEG) with different molecular weights were used to establish a standard curve for determining the molecular weight of CAR-CBA. The effects of two critical factors, namely columns and eluents,on the molecular weight measurement of CAR-CBA were investigated to optimize the GPC quantitative method. The results showed that Ultrahydrogel columns(120, 250) and HAc–NaAc(0.5 M, pH 4.5) buffer solution were the optimal column and GPC eluent, respectively.The molecular weight of the synthesized CAR-CBA was analyzed by the optimized GPC method and determined to be 24.66 kDa.

Supply Chain Finance Credit Risk Evaluation Method Based on Self-Adaption Weight

Credit risk is the core issue of supply chain finance. In the supply chain, problems happened in different enterprises can influent the whole to different degrees through transferring, thus statuses of all enterprises and their different influences should be considered when evaluating the supply chain’s credit risk. We examine the characters of supply chain network and complex network, use the local growing complex network to simulate the real supply chain, use cluster analysis to classify the company into several levels;Introducing each level’s self-adaption weight formula according to the company’s quantity and degrees of this level and use the weight to improve the credit evaluation method. The research results indicate that complex network can be used to simulate the supply chain. The credit risk evaluation (CRE) of an enterprise level with bigger note degrees has a greater weight in the supply chain system’s CRE, thus has greater effect on the whole chain. Considering different influences of different enterprise levels can improve credit risk evaluation method’s sensitivity.

Self-determinate evaluation method based on condition of weights non-dictatorial rate

The condition of weightes non-dictatorship is extended and a comprehensive evaluae method emboding self-determinate which is combined with competitive view optimization principles is built. The basic process includes simulating the model of economic man＇s self-benefit bahaviors, taking the place of experts to evaluate, bringing in the model of minimizing the sum of included angles to integrate the information of multiple objects and put the objects in order finally. The method has the advangtages of less dependendence on the subjective information, plenty of information, fair process and simple caculating. Finally, an application example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Prevalence of term low birth weight andits determinants in Shanghai, China

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of term low birth weight (TLBW) and its risk factors. Methods: A follow-up study with 7, 872 couples was conducted from 1987 to 199o beginning from the time they got marriage licenses in two districts defined in Shanghai. They were interviewed in the third month and again in the fifteenth month and in the fifth to sixth year afterwards individually at home. The total follow up rate reached 98%. Couple’s background characteristics as well as the information on their general health. reproductivc history and contraceptive use etc.. were collected dynamically. All of the single live births with term delivery were Included for data analysis in this paper. Adjusted odd ratios and population attributable risk (PAR%) were computed. Results: The prevalence of TLBW in Shanghai single term live births was 2. 0% (134,/6.573), represents 54. 7% (134/245) of the total low birth weights in our sam pie. Significant social and behaviour risk factors relating with TI-BW were wife’s dissat- isfaction with marriage; low education level of husband; co-residence with parents during pregnancy; heavy housework done by the wife while being pregnant. Significant biomedical risky factors were menarche age greater than 16 years old; maternal age at delivery greater than 29 years old; maternal body mass index less than 19. 8; wife suf- fered from serious disease prior to conceiving; having pregnancy complication; gestational weight gain less than 20 % of pre-pregnancy weight; having abortion, stillbirth and fetal death history. Conclusion: TL.BW constituted over half of all low birth weights in Shanghai. Special attention should be paid to the determinants mentioned above in TLBW intervention program. Improving couples’ economic and living condition and husband ’s education at tainment, and caloric supplementation with women while being pregnant would all be particularly effective in reducing the occurrence of TLBW in Shnaghai.

矿井通风系统综合评价指标体系与方法

对矿井通风系统进行科学合理的综合评价是矿井通风系统优化与调整的重要依据,目前仍未形成公认的综合评价指标体系与方法。针对矿井通风系统综合评价中存在指标体系的确定不够合理、权重维护困难等问题,采用理论分析、文献分析等方法,从矿井通风系统组成要素、性质、能力等3个角度,“通风动力、通风网络、通风设施”“安全可靠性、经济合理性”“保障能力、防灾能力、抗灾能力”等8个维度选取10项评价指标构建矿井通风系统综合评价指标体系。该评价指标体系可以从多角度、多维度全面反映被评价对象的综合情况,抓住主要因素,确保综合评价的全面性和可信度。同时,提出了以等距分级、等比赋权进行排序打分的权重确定方法,即专家排序指数赋权法,以快速确定与维护评价权重,使评价结果具有客观性,又易于操作。

花生叶面积指数精准快速监测方法研究

为探索适用于花生叶面积指数快速精准测量方法,基于田间调查实测数据,分别采用网格法、比叶重法、系数法、AutoCAD法以及扫描法等5种方法计算了花生不同生育时期的叶面积指数,并以基于扫描法的估算结果为对照,评价了基于其他4种监测方法估算结果的精度,并优化了系数法和比叶重法调查花生叶面积的关键技术指标。结果表明,比叶重法精度较高、监测速度较快、可操作性强,利用比叶重法监测花生叶面积指数,苗期、花针期、结荚期和饱果期叶片取样数分别为24、30、24和30片,相对误差分别为4.13%、4.07%、0.02%和0.13%,标准均方根误差为7.494%,适宜的干重比系数分别为150.00、143.26、187.58和157.20 cm^(2)/g。比叶重法是适宜于花生叶面积快速精准测量的方法。

盐菟丝子工艺优化和含量测定研究

目的:优选盐菟丝子最佳炮制工艺,并测定不同产地盐菟丝子中总黄酮与金丝桃苷含量,为后期临床应用提供参考依据。方法:采用紫外分光光度(UV)法与高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定盐菟丝子总黄酮和金丝桃苷含量,通过熵权法计算其熵权值以计算其综合评分。采用三因素三水平法,考察炒制温度、炒制时间和氯化钠溶液质量分数3个因素,确定盐菟丝子最佳炮制工艺参数。用优选出的最佳工艺参数炮制12批不同产地菟丝子,进行含量测定,完善盐菟丝子质量标准研究。结果:盐菟丝子最优炮制工艺为1%氯化钠溶液浸泡2 h,100~110℃炒制15 min。用预测得出的最佳工艺条件平行试验3次,实际测得平均综合评分为93.57,与理论预测值96.61相对误差为3.14%,与响应面分析预测值接近。12批菟丝子经过炮制后总黄酮含量增加,金丝桃苷含量减少。盐炙品总黄酮含量在27.23~41.26 mg/g之间,金丝桃苷含量在2.72~3.49 mg/g之间。结论:Box-Behnken Design响应面优化盐菟丝子炮制工艺可靠稳定,具有实用价值。盐菟丝子总黄酮含量高于生品,金丝桃苷含量低于生品,建议在盐菟丝子质量标准中加入总黄酮作为含量测定指标。

面向低空无人机运行的高精度卫星测速算法

针对无人机在城市低空环境下运行时存在多径误差导致星基导航测速精度较差的问题,提出一种利用卫星方位角加权和多普勒观测值辅助的优化测速算法。该算法融合多普勒观测值与载波相位观测值优势,根据无人机低空运行环境特点构建基于卫星方位角的加权模型,有效削弱了多路径效应对测速精度的影响,并通过抗差卡尔曼滤波提升速度估计的鲁棒性。基于实测数据的算法评估结果表明,该算法的测速精度较传统TDCP算法在2种场景下的三维速度分别提升了32.23%、10.37%、50.39%和10.20%、30.19%、31.54%,证明了该算法的有效性。

FCM测站定权的LAGEOS-2卫星精密定轨影响分析

由于卫星激光测距(satellite laser ranging, SLR)台站的测距精度和稳定性存在差异,精密定轨中需要对不同性能的台站赋予不同权重。本文将模糊C均值(fuzzy C-means, FCM)聚类定权应用于LAGEOS-2精密定轨,并比较原始测站定权和FCM定权对轨道精度的影响。结果表明:1)相较于原始测站定权,FCM定权更能反映各SLR台站的性能,提高定轨精度和观测值数量;2)对于ILRS四个质量分析机构,原始测站定权下JCET发布的质量报告在定轨精度上略优于其他中心,采用FCM定权后,以4个机构发布的质量报告进行定轨的结果在同一水平,轨道精度为4.83~4.86 cm。

石油产品机械杂质精密度提升的关键技术研究

为了解决石油产品机械杂质测定精密度较差的问题,通过更换滤膜材质,改善环境温湿度,调整恒重时间等方式。经摸索优化后,使用多个独立的实验室进行测定,并对结果进行统计分析,测定结果精密度得到较大提高。为今后提高石油产品机械杂质的精密度提供了可行性方案,并为同类问题解决提供了较强的经验借鉴。

构建超齐次核有界离散算子的参数条件及算子范数估计

引入超齐次函数的概念,首先构建超齐次核的Hilbert型离散不等式,然后利用Hilbert型不等式与同核算子的关系,讨论超齐次核离散算子,得到加权赋范序列空间中超齐次核有界离散算子的构建条件,解决了算子是否有界的判定方法和算子范数的估计问题.

超声多参数Z-评分联合模型评估胎儿生长受限的价值研究

目的探讨超声多参数Z-评分联合预测模型评估胎儿生长受限(FGR)的价值。方法回顾性分析2017年1月~2020年12月我院收治的88例单胎、孕22~29周且婴儿出生后确诊为FGR的孕妇临床资料,并以同期年龄、产次、妊娠期合并症等一般资料基本匹配的108例非FGR孕妇资料作为对照。采用Logistic回归方程建立胎儿体质量测定(EFW)、脐动脉(UA)、大脑中动脉(MCA)、脑-胎盘比(CPR)、腹围(AC)和头-腹围比值(HC/AC)等参数的单参数模型和多参数联合模型,并绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),通过与Hadlock-EFW百分位数(Hadlock-EFWc)比较,以评估不同模型预测FGR的价值。结果FGR组EFW、EFWc及CPR、AC、HC/AC的Z-评分均明显低于非FGR组,UA-PI、MCA-PI的Z-评分高于非FGR组(P<0.001)。联合模型预测FGR的灵敏度为82.95%、特异度为70.37%、约登指数为0.533、ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.897,95%CI为(0.795,0.956),其预测效能优于Hadlock-EFWc及各超声单参数(P<0.05)。结论超声多参数Z-评分联合模型预测FGR相较Hadlock-EFWc和超声单参数更为准确且诊断价值更高。

Galileo三频精密单点定位精度分析

基于IGS多个跟踪站多天数据,采用三频无电离层两两组合模型,对比分析了等权、高度角、信噪比3种定权方式下Galileo系统E1E5aE5b、E1E5E5b、E1E6E5b静态与动态精密单点定位精度。实验结果表明,播发E1、E5、E5a、E5b、E6信号的Galileo卫星数与空间几何分布均较优,静态精密单点定位精度均在cm级,而动态精密单点定位E1E5aE5b、E1E5E5b水平精度在cm级,高程精度在dm级。静态精密单点定位高度角定权方式下定位精度最优,E1E5aE5b三频组合定位精度最优。动态精密单点定位高度角定权方式下定位精度最优,等权定权方式下E1E5aE5b定位精度最优,其余两种定位方式下E1E5E5b定位精度最优。

Real-Time Update of Sequence Placement Logic for High Arch Dams Based on Evidence Weight Discount

Sequence placement logic plays a significant role in construction simulation of high arch dams and directly affects the simulation process and results.To establish a sequence logic for dam block placement,the construction scheme,real-time construction process,and random factors of the site all need to be considered in detail.There are few studies available currently that take all these factors into consideration.To address this problem,a real-time update of sequence placement logic for high arch dams based on evidence weight discount is proposed in this study.First,the subjective weight of the dam block sequence priority criteria is built using a consistent matrix method based on the construction scheme.Second,using evidence theory,dynamic objective weight of the priority criteria and basic probability assignment is built.Finally,using a weight self-adaptive adjustment method and comprehensive evidence discounting,the placing probabilities of different dam blocks are obtained.A case study indicates that this method can realize realtime update of sequence placement logic.

Predictors of Low Birth Weight in Newborn Delivered in Public Hospital of Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study

Worldwide, low birth weight is one of the most common causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Though factors associated with low birth weight vary from one region to another, in Gurage Zone, there is no sound analytical study done to examine the local determinants of low birth weight. Because of this, the study aimed to elucidate the predictors of low birth weight in public hospital of Gurage zone. Methods: A facility based unmatched case-control study design was employed to detect the existing exposure difference between cases and controls. The study included a total of 270 controls (normal weight) and 134 cases (low birth weight baby). Control and case participants were selected through consecutively. To collect the data, structured interviewer administered questionnaires and anthropometric measurement were used. The data were entered through Epi-data 3.1 computer program and analyzed through Statistical package for Social Sciences version 21 (SPSS v. 21). Univariate, Bivariate and Multivariate analysis were done. Result: Multiple logistic regression model analysis indicated that low birth weight was independently associated with maternal mid upper arm circumference less than 23 cm (AOR 1.79 (95% CI = 1.01 - 3.16)), gestational age less than 37 weeks (AOR 24.94 (95% CI = 12.38 - 50.27)), presence of malaria infection during period of pregnancy (AOR 3.02 (95% CI = 1.39 - 6.51)), presence of preclampsia, multiparity (AOR 2.19 (95% CI = 1.21 - 3.96)) and twining (AOR 5.42 95% CI = 2.01 - 14.59). Conclusion: Gestational age < 37 weeks, twining, malaria infection during pregnancy and maternal undernutrition were a significant predictor of LBW in the region of Gurage zone. Hence, to effectively prevent low birth weight, Gurage zone health departments should work on promotion of maternal nutrition during pregnancy, prevention of malaria during pregnancy.

Mapping determinants of rural poverty in Guangxi–a less developed region of China

Rapid urbanization in China has led to an increasing imbalance in regional development.The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,a less developed border region with unique cultural diversity,has a relatively large population(4.52 million people in 2015)under the poverty line,according to the national standard of poverty.China has launched a national campaign to reduce poverty using a wide range of new development policies and large-scale investment.However,there have been few studies on the determinants of poverty at the county level across a province.This paper aims to explore the spatial and social differences related to poverty among 109 counties by considering the spatial heterogeneity of poverty determinants.Spatial statistical models revealed that slope(Slp),GDP per capita(GDPP),the ethnic minority population ratio(EMPR),medical and technical personnel of healthcare institutions(MTP)and illiteracy rate(IR)significantly affect the patterns of the poverty rate,with a high adjusted R2(0.67),while the poverty rate affects GDPP,IR,MTP and EMPR;i.e.,the effects are interactional.Furthermore,the IR is significantly affected by the provision of schools and transportation conditions.Among these determinants,social factors may be key.The spatial patterns of these relationships demonstrate remarkable variation across the province and between minor and major groups.This quantitative evidence is enhanced by indepth interviews with selected groups.These results are expected to be useful for the anti-poverty project in Guangxi.

Method for Automatically Determining the Importance of Criteria in Multicriteria Decision-Making Problems

Multicriteria group decision-making problems （DMP） require criteria weights. Assigning weights of importance of the criteria Face Decision-maker （DM） means, in essence, a priori purpose variant of the winner. There are a number of problematic situations involving a large number of criteria： （1） problems where the evaluation of alternatives represent the degree of satisfaction of basic performance requirements object bidders. Matrix estimates with different low variability and a very large number of requirements （criteria）; （2） the use of cognitive maps for modeling problem situations. If the alternatives are considered not only divisible strategy （options impact on concepts）, matrix estimates accepts small size. If the task is allowed to use an alternative strategy mixtures fraction （e.g., 25% influences on the concept 1, 50% influences on the concept 2, 10% influences on the concept 3, etc.）, the matrix ratings also gaining greater dimension. It is clear that in such cases the appointment criteria weights DMP becomes a problem.

沸点升高法测化合物相对分子量实验的改进

物理化学手段测化合物分子量是基础化学实验中的经典实验方法,也是本科生化学实验中重要的一项训练。现有的测量方法存在实验体系不环保、实验误差大、操作步骤难以控制且实验时间长等缺陷。基于实验的绿色化理念以及“两性一度”的教学要求,对现有沸点升高法测分子量的实验方法进行探索:以异丙醇代替环己烷(丙酮)作为溶剂、苯甲酸代替萘作为溶质,采用水浴与电热棒双重加热的方式,配置数字千分温度计提高测量精度。改进后实验试剂绿色环保、设备操作简单、装置抗干扰能力强、方法重现性好且测量误差减小。立足基础,落实高阶,重视挑战,加强了学生对稀溶液依数性的理解,培养了他们实践创新的思维。

An integrated method for matching forest machinery and a weight-value adjustment

Proper matching of forestry machinery is important when raising mechanization levels for forestry production. In the matching process, forestry machinery needs not only expertise, but also improved methods for solving problems. I propose combination of case-based reasoning （CBR） and rule-based reasoning （RBR） by calculating the similarity of quantitative parameters of various forestry machines in an analytical and hierarchical process. I calculated the similarity of machin-ery used in forest industries to enable better selection and matching of equipment. I propose a weight-value adjusting method based on sums of squares of deviations in which the individual parameter weights were modified in the process of application. During the process of system design, I put forward a design method knowledge base and generated a dynamic web reasoning framework to integrate the processes of forest industry machinery selection and weight-value adjustment. This enables expansion of the scope of the complete system and enhancement of the reasoning efficiency. I demonstrate the validity and practicability of this method using a practical example.