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Experimental and numerical study of buckling-restrained braces configured with out-of-plane eccentricity under cyclic loading
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作者 Cao Yongsheng Zhou Yun +3 位作者 Takagi Jiro Jiang Ke Deng Xuesong Fang Xiaojun 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第4期957-971,共15页
This study focuses on variations in the hysteretic behavior of buckling-restrained braces(BRBs)configured with or without out-of-plane eccentricity under cyclic loading.Quasi-static experiments and numerical simulatio... This study focuses on variations in the hysteretic behavior of buckling-restrained braces(BRBs)configured with or without out-of-plane eccentricity under cyclic loading.Quasi-static experiments and numerical simulations were carried out on concentrically and eccentrically loaded BRB specimens to investigate the mechanical properties,energy dissipation performance,stress distribution,and high-order deformation pattern.The experimental and numerical results showed that compared to the concentrically loaded BRBs,the stiffness,yield force,cumulated plastic ductility(CPD)coefficient,equivalent viscous damping coefficient and energy dissipation decreased,and the yield displacement and compression strength adjustment factor increased for the eccentrically loaded BRBs.With the existence of the out-of-plane eccentricity,the initial yield position changes from the yield segment to the junction between the yield segment and transition segment under a tensile load,while the initial high-order buckling pattern changes from a first-order C-shape to a secondorder S-shape under a compressive load. 展开更多
关键词 buckling-restrained brace out-of-plane eccentricity EXPERIMENT numerical simulation mechanical properties
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Seismic performance of a reinforced concrete building retrofitted with self-centering shape memory alloy braces 被引量:2
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作者 Massimiliano Ferraioli Antonio Concilio Carmine Molitierno 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI CSCD 2022年第3期785-809,共25页
Self-centering earthquake-resistant structures have received increased attention due to their ability to reduce post-earthquake residual deformations and,thus,repair time and cost.This stimulated the development of re... Self-centering earthquake-resistant structures have received increased attention due to their ability to reduce post-earthquake residual deformations and,thus,repair time and cost.This stimulated the development of recentering shape memory alloy(SMA)dampers that use superelastic nitinol wires to dissipate energy and self-center the structure.However,there are still a few case studies applications on full-scale RC buildings in the literature.Moreover,general guidelines or even simplified approaches for the practical design of SMA damped braces are still lacking.This paper focuses on evaluating the effect of using self-centering shape memory alloy dampers for buckling-restrained braces applied for the seismic retrofit of a complex RC building structure.A design method originally proposed for elastoplastic dampers was implemented to size the SMA dampers to be placed on selected spans and stories of a building.The effectiveness of the design procedure was demonstrated by nonlinear time-history analyses under different sets of earthquake strong ground motions.The analysis results show that the recentering shape memory alloy bracing system is effective in limiting the maximum transient inter-story drifts and reducing the residual inter-story drifts after strong seismic events,due to its excellent recentering behavior together with its not negligible energy dissipation capacity. 展开更多
关键词 RC buildings seismic retrofit buckling-restrained braces shape memory alloys dampers self-centering
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Development and subassemblage cyclic testing of hybrid buckling-restrained steel braces 被引量:4
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作者 Muhamed Safeer Pandikkadavath Dipti Ranjan Sahoo 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI CSCD 2020年第4期967-983,共17页
Buckling-restrained braced frames(BRBFs) are vulnerable to relatively higher post-earthquake residual drifts under high intensity ground shakings. This is primarily due to the low axial elastic and post-elastic stiffn... Buckling-restrained braced frames(BRBFs) are vulnerable to relatively higher post-earthquake residual drifts under high intensity ground shakings. This is primarily due to the low axial elastic and post-elastic stiffness of bucklingrestrained braces(BRBs) satisfying the design force demand requirements. In the present study, a hybrid buckling restrained bracing system consisting of a short yielding core length BRB component and a conventional buckling-type brace component connected in series has been developed with an aim to increase the axial stiffness of braces. This study is focused on the experimental investigation of six hybrid bucking restrained braces(HBRBs) to investigate their overall behavior, loadresisting capacity, strength-adjustment factors and energy dissipation potential. The main parameters varied are the crosssectional area, the yielding length of core elements as well as the detailing of buckling-restraining system of short yielding core length BRBs. Test results showed that the HBRBs with yielding core length in the range of 30% of work-point to workpoint lengths withstood an axial strain of 6% without any instability and can deliver stable and balanced hysteretic response and excellent energy dissipation under reversed cyclic loading conditions. 展开更多
关键词 buckling-restrained braces cyclic loading energy dissipation hysteretic response
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Application of buckling-restrained braces in the seismic control of suspension bridges 被引量:2
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作者 Long Lu 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI CSCD 2022年第2期543-557,共15页
Buckling-restrained braces(BRBs)are widely used to improve the seismic performance of buildings.This paper aims to introduce BRBs to suspension bridges and assess the seismic performance of bridges with BRBs.Taking th... Buckling-restrained braces(BRBs)are widely used to improve the seismic performance of buildings.This paper aims to introduce BRBs to suspension bridges and assess the seismic performance of bridges with BRBs.Taking the Dadu River Bridge as a case study,an FEA model of the bridge is established,and different seismic measures(BRBs between the deck and the tower,BRBs at the middle of the span to replace the inclined suspenders to connect the deck and the main cables,fluid viscous dampers(FVDs)between the deck and the tower,the combination of BRBs to replace the inclined suspenders as well as FVDs between the deck and the tower)are applied to the suspension bridge.The influence of the parameters of BRBs on the seismic response of the suspension bridge is studied,and the performance of the bridge with BRBs is compared with that of the bridge with FVDs.The results indicate that the use of BRBs in place of the inclined suspenders is beneficial to reduce the displacement of the deck and limit the shear force and bending moment of the tower.The seismic performance of the suspension bridge with BRBs and FVDs is better than that of the bridge with BRBs or FVDs.Therefore,the application of BRBs is a feasible method to improve the seismic performance of the suspension bridge. 展开更多
关键词 buckling-restrained braces fluid viscous dampers suspension bridge seismic response EARTHQUAKE
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Ductility demands on buckling-restrained braced frames under earthquake loading 被引量:11
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作者 Larry A.Fahnestock Richard Sause +1 位作者 James M.Ricles Le-Wu Lu 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI CSCD 2003年第2期255-268,共14页
Accurate estimates of ductility demands on buckling-restrained braced frames(BRBFs)are crucial to performance-based design of BRBFs.An analytical study on the seismic behavior of BRBFs has been conducted at the ATLSS ... Accurate estimates of ductility demands on buckling-restrained braced frames(BRBFs)are crucial to performance-based design of BRBFs.An analytical study on the seismic behavior of BRBFs has been conducted at the ATLSS Center,Lehigh University to prepare for an upcoming experimental program.The analysis program DRAIN-2DX was used to model a one-bay,four-story prototype BRBF including material and geometric nonlinearities.The buckling- restrained brace(BRB)model incorporates both isotropic and kinematic hardening.Nonlinear static pushover and time- history analyses were performed on the prototype BRBF.Performance objectives for the BRBs were defined and used to evaluate the time-history analysis results.Particular emphasis was placed on global ductility demands and ductility demands on the BRBs.These demands were compared with anticipated ductility capacities.The analysis results,along with results from similar previous studies,are used to evaluate the BRBF design provisions that have been recommended for codification in the United States.The results show that BRB maximum ductility demands can be as high as 20 to 25.These demands significantly exceed those anticipated by the BRBF recommended provisions.Results from the static pushover and time- history analyses are used to demonstrate why the ductility demands exceed those anticipated by the recommended provisions. The BRB qualification testing protocol contained in the BRBF recommended provisions is shown to be inadequate because it requires only a maximum ductility demand of at most 7.5.Modifications to the testing protocol are recommended. 展开更多
关键词 BUILDINGS buckling-restrained braced frames buckling-restrained braces structural response seismic response ductility demand seismic codes and standards
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Assessment of buckling-restrained braced frame reliability using an experimental limit-state model and stochastic dynamic analysis 被引量:1
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作者 Blake M.Andrews Junho Song Larry A.Fahnestock 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI CSCD 2009年第3期373-385,共13页
Buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) have recently become popular in the United States for use as primary members of seismic lateral-force-resisting systems. A BRB is a steel brace that does not buckle in compression b... Buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) have recently become popular in the United States for use as primary members of seismic lateral-force-resisting systems. A BRB is a steel brace that does not buckle in compression but instead yields in both tension and compression. Although design guidelines for BRB applications have been developed, systematic procedures for assessing performance and quantifying reliability are still needed. This paper presents an analytical framework for assessing buckling-restrained braced frame (BRBF) reliability when subjected to seismic loads. This framework efficiently quantifies the risk of BRB failure due to low-cycle fatigue fracture of the BRB core. The procedure includes a series of components that: (1) quantify BRB demand in terms of BRB core deformation histories generated through stochastic dynamic analyses; (2) quantify the limit-state of a BRB in terms of its remaining cumulative plastic ductility capacity based on an experimental database; and (3) evaluate the probability of BRB failure, given the quantified demand and capacity, through structural reliability analyses. Parametric studies were conducted to investigate the effects of the seismic load, and characteristics of the BRB and BRBF on the probability of brace failure. In addition, fragility curves (i.e., conditional probabilities of brace failure given ground shaking intensity parameters) were created by the proposed framework. While the framework presented in this paper is applied to the assessment of BRBFs, the modular nature of the framework components allows for application to other structural components and systems. 展开更多
关键词 risk and reliability analysis buckling-restrained brace stochastic dynamic analysis first-order reliability method cumulative plastic ductility capacity
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Stability Performance of Buckling-Restrained Brace with Brace Joints
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作者 贾明明 张素梅 吕大刚 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 2010年第2期81-88,共8页
The stability and ductility of four buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) with brace joints were studied. The load-carrying element of BRB was fabricated with steel (Chinese Q235), and a layer of colloidal silica sheet (0... The stability and ductility of four buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) with brace joints were studied. The load-carrying element of BRB was fabricated with steel (Chinese Q235), and a layer of colloidal silica sheet (0.5 mm in thickness) or four layers of plastic film (0.2 mm in thickness) were used as unbonding materials to provide space to prevent the buckling of inner core in higher modes and facilitate its lateral expansion in case of compression. Based on the equation of BRBs with brace joints of different restrained stiffnesses, the buckling load is calculated considering the initial geometric imperfections and residual stress, and the theoretical values agree well with the experiment results. It is concluded that the buckling load and ductility of BRBs are influenced greatly by the restrained stiffness of brace joints. If the restrained stiffness is deficient, the unstrained segment of BRBs with less stiffness will buckle firstly. As a result, the ultimate load of BRBs decreases, and the maximum compression load is reduced to about 65% of the maximum tension load; the stiffness also degenerates, and there is a long decreasing stage on the back-bone curve in compression phase; the ductility decreases, i.e., the ultimate tension ductility and ultimate compression ductility are approximately 15 and 1.3 respectively, and the cumulative plastic ductility is only approximately 200. If the restrained stiffness of joint is large enough, the stability will be improved as follows: the yielding strength and ultimate strength of BRBs are nearly the same, and there is an obvious strain intensification in both tension and compression phases; the ductility of brace also increases obviously, i.e., the ultimate tension ductility and ultimate compression ductility are both approximately 14, and the cumulative plastic ductility reaches 782. 展开更多
关键词 buckling-restrained braces joint ends restrained stiffness buckling load stability performance DUCTILITY
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Experimental study on slender buckling-restrained knee braces with round steel bar cores
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作者 Togtokhbuyan MUNKHUNUR Hiroshi TAGAWA Xingchen CHEN 《Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2023年第1期99-121,共23页
This study aimed to investigate a novel slender buckling-restrained knee brace damper (BRKB) for welded and weld-free steel framing systems. The proposed BRKB adopts steel bar cores connected by a central coupler and ... This study aimed to investigate a novel slender buckling-restrained knee brace damper (BRKB) for welded and weld-free steel framing systems. The proposed BRKB adopts steel bar cores connected by a central coupler and restrained by tube buckling restrainers with a cover tube supporter. The advantages of the proposed damper include easy assembly compared to conventional buckling restrained braces, and high architectural flexibility for the retrofitting of large-span weld-free or welded steel moment-resisting systems. Specifically, by increasing the number of contraction allowances, undesirable failure mechanisms that are global instability and local buckling of the restrainer ends can be effectively suppressed because the more uniform plastic deformation of the core bar can be achieved longitudinally. In this study, displacement-controlled compression and cyclic loading tests were carried out to investigate the deformation capacities of the proposed BRKBs. Structural performance metrics associated with both loading tests, such as strength capacities, strains at the cover tubes and buckling restrainers, and hysteretic behaviors of the proposed damper under cyclic loads, were measured and discussed. Test results revealed that the geometrical characteristics of the cover tubes and adopted contraction allowances at the dampers play essential roles in their load-bearing capacities. 展开更多
关键词 weld-free beam-to-column connections moment-resisting frame cyclic and compression loading tests buckling-restrained knee brace cover tube
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Optimization of design parameters for controlled rocking steel braced dual-frames
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作者 Sobhan Ghasemi M.Firoozi Nezamabadi +1 位作者 Abdolreza S.Moghadam Mahmood Hosseini 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI CSCD 2022年第4期1053-1068,共16页
A controlled rocking concentrically steel braced frame(CR-CSBF)is introduced as an alternative to conventional methods to prevent major structural damage during large earthquakes.It is equipped with elastic post-tensi... A controlled rocking concentrically steel braced frame(CR-CSBF)is introduced as an alternative to conventional methods to prevent major structural damage during large earthquakes.It is equipped with elastic post-tensioned(PT)cables and replaceable devices or fuses to provide overturning resistance and dissipate energy,respectively.Although CR-CSBFs are not officially legalized in globally valid codes for new buildings,it is expected to be presented in them in the near future.The main goal of this study is to determine the optimal design parameters consist of the yield strength and modulus of elasticity of the fuse,the initial force of the PT cable,and the gravity load on the rocking column,considering different heights of the frame,spanning ratios and ground motion types for dual-configuration CR-CSBF.Nonlinear time-history analyses are performed in OpenSees.This study aims to define the optimal input variables as effective design parameters of CR-CSBFs by comparing four seismic responses consisting of story drift,roof displacement,roof acceleration and base shear,and also using the Euclidean metric optimization method.Despite the previous research,this study is innovative and first of its kind.The results demonstrate that the optimal design parameters are variable for various conditions. 展开更多
关键词 self-centering rocking steel braced frame design parameters OPTIMIZATION low damage
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Seismic design of low-rise steel building frames with self-centering hybrid damping connections
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作者 Junlin Li Wei Wang 《Resilient Cities and Structures》 2022年第2期10-22,共13页
This paper develops a practice-oriented seismic design procedure for an emerging lateral force resisting system.The system combines the favorable re-centering feature with the attractive hybrid damping capacity.The sy... This paper develops a practice-oriented seismic design procedure for an emerging lateral force resisting system.The system combines the favorable re-centering feature with the attractive hybrid damping capacity.The system overcomes the detrimental frame expansion effect that occurs in conventional self-centering building frames without the cost of building space.Following the proposed design procedure,multiple designs with different parameters to achieve performance objectives were performed for a representative three-story building in which the considered lateral force resisting system is used to resist the seismic forces.Nonlinear response history analyses were performed for the designs to evaluate the applicability and adequacy of the proposed design approach.Based on the analyses conducted in this research,it was found that the considered system designed using the proposed approach can meet both transient and residual inter-story drift requirements specified for the selected performance objectives.While an initial design per the proposed design approach may be inadequate,the re-design strategy recommended can help transform the design to an acceptable one after only one round of modification.Moreover,the composition of hybrid damping may affect the maximum floor acceleration responses.In this study,the maximum floor acceleration can be reduced 12.75%at most by replacing hysteretic damping with viscous damping.This should be included in design consideration in the proposed approach through adjusting the hybrid damping composition. 展开更多
关键词 Seismic design self-centering Hybrid energy dissipating mechanism Knee braces
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Inelastic displacement ratio of low-to mid-rise BRBFs designed under variable levels of seismicity 被引量:1
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作者 Hamdy Abou-Elfath Mostafa Ramadan 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI CSCD 2023年第3期763-775,共13页
Buckling-restrained braces(BRBs)have shown their capability to provide building structures with stiffness,strength,and ductility.Estimating the seismic drifts of buckling-restrained braced frames(BRBFs)is an important... Buckling-restrained braces(BRBs)have shown their capability to provide building structures with stiffness,strength,and ductility.Estimating the seismic drifts of buckling-restrained braced frames(BRBFs)is an important design step to control structural and non-structural damage.In current practice of seismic design,the estimation of seismic drifts of BRBFs is performed by using empirical calculations that are independent upon either the type of the structural system or the design level of seismicity.In these empirical calculations,the seismic drifts are estimated by amplifying the reduced elastic drifts obtained under design lateral loading with a displacement amplification factor(DAF).The value of DAF is considered equal to the product of the response modification factor R and the inelastic displacement ratioρ.The goal of the current research is to assess the value ofρfor low-to mid-rise BRBFs designed under low and high levels of seismicity.This goal has been achieved by conducting a series of elastic and inelastic time-history analyses pertaining to an ensemble of earthquake records on 3-,6-and 9-story BRBFs.The results indicate that theρ-ratio increases with an increase in design seismic intensity and an increase in experienced inelasticity.The range ofρfor low seismicity designs ranges from 0.63 to 0.9,while for high seismicity designs this range stretches from 0.83 to 1.29.It has been found that the consideration of a generalρ-ratio of 1.0 is a reasonable estimation for the design of the BRBFs considered in this study. 展开更多
关键词 displacement amplification factor inelastic displacement ratio SEISMICITY buckling-restrained brace seismic drift seismic design
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Validation of a steel dual-core self-centering brace (DC-SCB) for seismic resistance: from brace member to one-story one-bay braced frame tests 被引量:1
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作者 Chung-Che CHOU Ping-Ting CHUNG +1 位作者 Tsung-Han WU Alexis Rafael Ovalle BEATO 《Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2016年第3期303-311,共9页
A steel dual-core self-centering brace (DC-SCB) is an innovative structural member that provides both energy dissipation and self-centering properties to structures, reducing maximum and residual drifts of structure... A steel dual-core self-centering brace (DC-SCB) is an innovative structural member that provides both energy dissipation and self-centering properties to structures, reducing maximum and residual drifts of structures in earthquakes. The axial deformation capacity of the DC-SCB is doubled by a parallel arrangement of two inner cores, one outer box and two sets of tensioning elements. This paper presents cyclic test results of a DC-SCB component and a full- scale one-story, one-bay steel frame with a DC-SCB. The DC-SCB that was near 8 m-long was tested to evaluate its cyclic behavior and durability. The DC-SCB performed well under a total of three increasing cyclic loading tests and 60 low- cycle fatigue loading tests without failure. The maximum axial load of the DC-SCB was near 1700 kN at an interstory drift of 2.5%. Moreover, a three-story dual-core self-centering braced frame (DC-SCBF) with a single-diagonal DC-SCB was designed and its first-story, one-bay DC-SCBF subassembly specimen was tested in multiple earthquake-type loadings. The one-story, one-bay subassembly frame specimen performed well up to an interstory drift of 2% with yielding at the column base and local buckling in the steel beam; no damage of the DC-SCB was found after all tests. The maximum residual drift of the DC-SCBF caused by beam local buckling was 0.5% in 2.0% drift cycles. 展开更多
关键词 dual-core self-centering brace (DC-SCB) braced frame tests residual deformation
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Experimental study of the pinned double rectangular tube assembled buckling-restrained brace 被引量:1
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作者 Zi-qin JIANG Yan-lin GUO +2 位作者 Ai-lin ZHANG Chao DOU Cai-xia ZHANG 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第1期20-32,共13页
In this study, seven pinned double-rectangular tube assembled buckling-restrained brace (DRT-ABRB) specimens were experimentally charaeterised by means of an axial cyclic test. The core member of the specimens was a... In this study, seven pinned double-rectangular tube assembled buckling-restrained brace (DRT-ABRB) specimens were experimentally charaeterised by means of an axial cyclic test. The core member of the specimens was a single flat-plate. Two rectangular tubes were assembled using high strength bolts to form an external restraining member. Each rectangular tube was composed of an external steel channel and a cover plate. A gap or thin rubber filler was set between the core and the external restraining member to form an unbonded layer. The influence of several design parameters on the failure mode and energy dissipation capacity of the ABRB was investigated, including the height of the core wing plate, thickness of the external cover plate, and height of the external channel flange. This experimental study demonstrated that a local pressure-bearing failure at the end of the external member arises when the external cover plate is too thin or if the end construction detail is unreasonable. When the end rotations of the DRT-ABRB were restricted, the hysteretic performance was shown to be superior to that of a pure pinned DRT-ABRB. Finally, all the tested DRT-ABRBs exhibited excellent energy dissipation performance which amply satisfied existing regulation requirements. 展开更多
关键词 Double-rectangular tube assembled buckling-restrained brace (DRT-ABRB) Construction detail Hysteretic behaviour Failure mode High strength bolt
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Probabilistic safety assessment of self-centering steel braced frame
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作者 Navid RAHGOZAR Nima RAHGOZAR Abdolreza S. MOGHADAM 《Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2018年第1期163-182,共20页
The main drawback of conventional braced frames is implicitly accepting structural damage under the design earthquake load, which leads to considerable economic losses. Controlled rocking self-centering system as a mo... The main drawback of conventional braced frames is implicitly accepting structural damage under the design earthquake load, which leads to considerable economic losses. Controlled rocking self-centering system as a modem low-damage system is capable of minimizing the drawbacks of conventional braced frames. This paper quantifies main limit states and investigates the seismic performance of self-centering braced frame using a Probabilistic Safety Assessment procedure. Margin of safety, confidence level, and mean annual frequency of the self-centering archetypes for their main limit states, including PT yield, fuse fracture, and global collapse, are established and are compared with their acceptance criteria. Considering incorporating aleatory examined. Results of the investigation indicate that the provide the adequate margin of safety against exceeding and epistemic uncertainties, the efficiency of the system is design of low- and mid-rise self-centering archetypes could the undesirable limit-states. 展开更多
关键词 self-centering steel braced frame mean annual frequency safety assessment confidence level margin of safety
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Seismic performance evaluation of typical dampers designed by Chinese building code 被引量:1
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作者 Guo Wei Wu Jun +2 位作者 Hu Yao Li Yunsong Yang T.Y. 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI CSCD 2019年第2期433-446,共14页
Adding dampers is a commonly adopted seismic risk mitigation strategy for modern buildings, and the corresponding design procedure of dampers has been well established by the Chinese Building Code. Even though all typ... Adding dampers is a commonly adopted seismic risk mitigation strategy for modern buildings, and the corresponding design procedure of dampers has been well established by the Chinese Building Code. Even though all types of dampers are designed by the same procedure, actual seismic performance of the building may differ from one to the others. In this study, a nine-story benchmark steel building is established, and three different and typical types of dampers are designed according to the Chinese Building Code to realize structural vibration control under strong earthquake excitation. The seismic response of the prototype building equipped with a viscoelastic damper, viscous damper and buckling-restrained brace(BRB) subjected to 10 earthquake records are calculated, and Incremental Dynamic Analysis(IDA) is performed to describe progressive damage of the structure under increasing earthquake intensity. In the perspective of fragility, it shows that the viscoelastic damper has the highest collapse margin ratio(CMR), and the viscous damper provides the best drift control. Both the BRB and viscoelastic dampers can effectively reduce the floor acceleration responses in the mid-rise building. 展开更多
关键词 CHINESE building design code viscoelastic DAMPER VISCOUS DAMPER buckling-restrained brace seismic response FRAGILITY analysis
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