The Connection Between Medical Self-determination and the System of Adult Guardianship——The Institutional Construction of Medical Proxy

China has established the basic rules of informed consent in the medical field through Articles 1219 and 1220 of the tort liability part of the Civil Code of China to address the legality of medical conduct.Since patients’capacity to consent is the prerequisite,when the patient is a fully competent person,it is sufficient to give consent based on valid notification by the doctor.However,for those who are unable to give valid consent,especially adult patients with impaired capacity,resolving the legality of the doctor’s medical conduct remains an issue when it infringes on the patient’s body and health.To solve this issue,someone must give consent in place of the patient when the adult is unable to give valid consent.However,the personal and exclusive nature of the right to medical consent,which is informed consent,makes it impossible to simply delegate it to a guardian or other person to exercise it on behalf of the patient.In this paper,we borrow the concept of“medical proxy”proposed by Japanese scholar Teruaki Tayama,and for the first time,we discuss the construction of medical proxy from the perspective of adult guardianship by connecting the two systems from the standpoint of interpretive theory.

Effect Evaluation of CBL Combined with Rain Classroom Teaching Method in Medical Statistics

Objective: To explore the application effect of CBL combined with rain classroom teaching method in medical statistics courses. Methods: The undergraduate students of medical imaging technology in 2019 and 2020 in a university were selected as the research objects. A cluster sampling method was used to select 79 undergraduate students from 2019 in the control group and 75 undergraduate students from 2020 in the experimental group. Traditional teaching method and CBL combined with rain classroom teaching method was used in the control group and experimental group respectively. The final examination scores of the two groups were compared. In experimental group, the correlation between the average score in the rain classroom and the final examination score was tested, and the teaching effect was evaluated. Results: The average score of final examination in experimental group and control group was 79.13 ± 10.32 points and 71.54 ± 14.752 points, respectively, which had a statistically significant difference (Z = 2.586, P = 0.012);the final examination scores of the students in the experimental group were positively correlated with the average scores of the rain classroom (r = 0.372, P = 0.001), and the proportion of satisfaction in the experimental group was 94.7%. Conclusion: The CBL combined with rain classroom teaching method can improve the teaching effectiveness of medical statistics courses.

Research and Discussion on Flipped Classroom Combined with Case-Based Learning in Pharmacoeconomics Teaching

Objective:To explore the application effect of flipped classroom combined with case-based learning teaching methods in pharmacoeconomics teaching.Methods:The students majoring in clinical pharmacy in 2019 were selected as the study subjects,and the cost-effectiveness analysis of different dosage forms of Yinzhihuang in the treatment of neonatal jaundice was selected as the teaching case.The flipped classroom combined with case-based learning teaching method was used to carry out theoretical teaching to the students.After the course,questionnaires were distributed through the Sojump platform to evaluate the teaching effect.Results:The results of the questionnaire showed that 85.71%of the students believed that the flipped classroom combined with case-based learning teaching method was helpful in mobilizing the learning enthusiasm and initiative,and improving the comprehensive application ability of the knowledge of pharmacoeconomics.92.86%of the students think that it is conducive to the understanding and memorization of learning content,as well as the cultivation of teamwork,communication,etc.Conclusion:Flipped classroom combined with case-based learning teaching method can improve students’knowledge mastery,thinking skills,and practical application skills,as well as optimize and improve teachers’teaching levels.

Analysis and Strategy Research on Influencing Factors of Classroom Teaching Quality in Higher Vocational Colleges

In this study,the questionnaire“Influencing Factors of Classroom Quality in Higher Vocational Education”was self-compiled.By using the questionnaire survey method,the research conclusion was drawn that the main factors affecting the classroom teaching quality in higher vocational education were teaching and student factors,teacher factors,and classroom factors based on 2,683 samples.According to the research results,the measures to improve the quality of classroom teaching are put forward,in order to provide guidance for improving the quality of teaching in higher vocational colleges.

Analysis of the Application Value of Virtual Reality Combined with Flipped Classroom Teaching Mode in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Teaching

Objective:To analyze the value of using virtual reality combined with the flipped classroom teaching model in teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR).Methods:Two classes of our nursing program were randomly selected for the study from September 2022 to September 2023,Class A(52 students,conventional teaching method)and Class B(52 students,virtual reality combined with flipped classroom teaching mode).The assessment scores and independent learning ability scores of the students in the two classes were compared.Results:CPR theory and operation scores,passing rate,and independent learning ability scores of Class B were higher than those of Class A(P<0.05).Conclusion:the use of virtual reality combined with the flipped classroom teaching mode in CPR teaching is conducive to the improvement of students’assessment scores and independent learning ability.

Research on Practical Teaching of Ideological and Political Courses in Colleges and Universities and Collaborative Education in the Second Classroom

In today’s society,the need for talent training is of utmost importance due to rapid development.To achieve high-quality talent training,we need to focus on building a collaborative education mechanism.Practical teaching and the second classroom,which serve as important carriers of educational talents,must align their educational goals and complement each other.This article explores the collaborative education mechanism of the second classroom and practical teaching for the ideological and political courses in colleges and universities.It proposes reasonable construction measures to provide some guidelines for teaching work.

Application of Cooperative Learning and Flipped Classrooms in University Basketball Courses in China

This study investigates the application of the teaching model combining cooperative learning and flipped classrooms in university basketball courses in China.By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional basketball teaching model and students’satisfaction with the course,the necessity of implementing cooperative learning and flipped classrooms is proposed.The study planned in detail the implementation strategies before class,in the classroom,and after class,and compared them with the control group through an experimental design.The experimental results showed that the new teaching mode demonstrated significant advantages in terms of learning outcomes,student satisfaction,and teacher evaluation.This study provides a valuable reference for the future reform of the physical education curriculum.

Using self-determination theory to identify organizational interventions to support coal mineworkers’ dust-reducing practices

Advancing the application of safety and health(S&H)technologies is likely to remain a value in the mining industry.However,any information that technologies generate must be translated from the organization to the workforce in a targeted way to result in sustainable change.Using a case study approach with continuous personal dust monitors(CPDMs),this paper argues for an organizational focus on technology integration.Although CPDMs provide mineworkers with near real-time feedback about their respirable coal dust exposure,they do not ensure that workers or the organization will continuously use the information to learn about and reduce exposure sources.This study used self-determination theory(SDT)to help three mines manage and communicate about information learned from the CPDM technology.Specifically,35 mineworkers participated in two mixed-method data collection efforts to discuss why they do or do not use CPDMs to engage in dust-reducing practices.Subsequently,the data was analyzed to better understand how organizations can improve the integration of technology through their management systems.Results indicate that using the CPDM to reduce sources of dust exposure is consistent with mineworkers’self-values to protect their health and not necessarily because of compliance to a manager or mine.

Flipped classroom approach to global outreach:cross-cultural teaching of horizontal strabismus to Chinese ophthalmology residents

AIM:To evaluate the flipped classroom model for teaching horizontal strabismus didactics in an ophthalmology residency program in China as part of a visiting professorship from the United States.METHODS:Residents from an ophthalmology residency program in China were invited to participate in flipped classroom sessions taught by an experienced American ophthalmology faculty in 2018.Residents were instructed to watch a pre-class video lecture prior to the in-class-casebased activity.Content tests(5 Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program style questions)and surveys were administered before and after the classroom sessions(100%response rate).These results were compared to that of an American cohort who were taught the same content.RESULTS:The Chinese cohort of 12 residents preferred the flipped classroom to the traditional classroom at higher rates than the American cohort of 40 residents(92%vs 55%,P=0.04)and felt that all ophthalmology topics would be appropriate for the flipped classroom teaching style(P-values between 0.008 and<0.001).In both Chinese and American cohorts,we found that the exotropia curriculum saw a small but significant improvement in performance following the flipped classroom session(P=0.025 for Chinese residents;P=0.001 for US residents),whereas scores in both groups for the esotropia course did not significantly improve.CONCLUSION:This is the first study to evaluate the flipped classroom model implemented by a visiting ophthalmology professor in a global outreach setting.The flipped classroom sessions are viewed favorably by the Chinese residents relative to the US cohort with a modest impact on knowledge.Decreased in-person interpreter requirement and increased student engagement make this model valuable in cross-cultural visiting professorship settings.Finally,the flipped classroom may lend itself well to a virtual format to prevent the transmission of COVID-19,although such a format requires further study.

Decision-making competency, self-determination, and health lifestyle in nursing students

Introduction: This study identifies and analyzes the levels of relations between decision-making competency, self-determination, and health lifestyle in nursing students. Methods: This study was designed as a descriptive research to identify the relations of nursing students’ decision-making competency, self-determination, and health lifestyle. The subjects were 187 nursing students. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and were analyzed by the IBM SPSS Statistics 19 program. Results: Decision-making competency of nursing students was 3.38 ± 0.41 points, and self-determination was 3.07 ± 0.38 points. Stress and physical exercise were the general and health-related lifestyle factors that contributed to the differences in decision-making competency. There were no differences in self-determination according to these factors. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the levels of decision-making competency and self-determination in nursing students were moderate. Further studies are recommended for the development of these core abilities in nursing students.

Exploring the Application Effect of Flipped Classroom Combined with Problem-Based Learning Teaching Method in Clinical Skills Teaching of Standardized Training for Resident Doctors of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective: To explore the application effect of flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method in clinical skills teaching of standardized training for resident doctors of traditional Chinese Medicine. Methods: The study used the experimental control method. The study lasted from September to November 2022. The subjects of this study were 49 students of standardized training for resident doctors of traditional Chinese Medicine from grades 2020, 2021 and 2022 of Dazhou integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital. They were randomly divided into experiment group (25) and control group (24). The experiment group adopted flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method, and the control group adopted traditional teaching method. The teaching content was 4 basic clinical skill projects, including four diagnoses of traditional Chinese Medicine, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, dressing change procedure, acupuncture and massage. The evaluation method was carried out by comparing the students’ performance and a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the students’ evaluation of the teaching method. Results: The test scores of total scores in the experimental group (90.12 ± 5.89) were all higher than those in the control group (81.47 ± 7.96) (t = 4.53, P P Conclusions: The teaching process of the flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method is conducive to improving the efficiency of classroom teaching, cultivating students’ self-learning ability, and enhancing students’ willingness to learn.

Factors of Self-Determination to Return after the Long-Term Evacuation Caused by a Nuclear Power Plant Accident

Aim of the Study: This study aimed to clarify the factors that were relevant to an individual’s self-determination to return amidst anxiety after a long-term evacuation due to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Method: Semi-structured interviews on whether to return were conducted with nine participants aged 60 - 80 years (eight males and one female) residing in areas where evacuation orders were canceled. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively and inductively. Result: All participants were returning to their homes. Factors relevant to self-determination to return were represented by five categories: a desire to return 1) emerging from life-experience as a long-term evacuee, 2) retained after obtaining information about the original place of residence, 3) acquired from a long-term life as a refugee, 4) retained with the acceptance of the potential risks of returning, and finally 5) people’s apprehension over talking about the importance of the future of the younger generation. Discussion: These categories were based on the participants’ desire to return and they continued to maintain these thoughts by gathering information and preparing for their return after the long-term evacuation caused by the nuclear accident. It was suggested that the risk perception and the norm in that age group could be among the factors that promoted the choice in maintaining the desire to return.

The Effects of Working Experience Practicum to Strengthen Students’Self-determination Behaviors in Practicum Subject of Business and Computer Education Major,Faculty of Education,Kasetsart University

The research purpose was to study the effects of working experience practicum to strengthen students’self-determination behaviours.Research population were 23 students in 3rd year in Business and Computer in Vocational Education Department,Faculty of Education,Kasetsart University who registered to study in Practicum Subject in 2016 academic year.Three research instruments were conducted,including,(1)Practicum Manual,(2)Interview Form,and(3)Focus Group Discussion Sheet.Research instruments were verified by four experts who were in four academic areas,including(1)humanity,(2)psychology,(3)business,and(4)human resource by using content validity method.Interview session was divided by 10 groups of companies in which students did their work for 10 weeks.Focus group was administered to discuss with 23 students and share about working problems and solutions.Qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis method,including data analysing,ordering and grouping,and data linking of working practicum.The research results were shown that students learned to understand benefits and limitations of self-determination behaviors and awareness in the essentials of self-determination in four aspects,including(1)attention and responsibility in working achievements,(2)working diligent and tolerance,(3)self-determination with learning motivation,and(4)self-development.The guidelines to encourage students’self-determination behaviors suggested that students should apply Buddha’s teaching(four-step secret of successful working achievements)to achieve their work and adjust students’real life behaviors.Furthermore,researcher presented the best practice guidelines to promote students’self-determination behaviors,including(1)students should think positively to spend time on hardworking and tolerance,(2)students should develop their work through PDCA(Plan,Do,Check,Action)techniques to adjust their work to do better,(3)students should be promoted with skills of 21st century that are necessary to raise students’self-development through teaching and learning in and out of classroom.

Passion and Self-Determination: Exploring Social Networking Site Addiction Using a Dualistic Framework

The purpose of the present study is to explore the role of behavioral/psychological constructs of passion and self-determination in the context of social networking site (SNS) addiction. The present study explored SNS addiction by employing a dualistic framework, which is an amalgam of the dualistic model of passion ([13]) and the self-determination theory (SDT;[14]). Data were collected through an online survey administered by a market research company based in the USA (N = 312). The survey consisted of items related to key constructs related to the research framework proposed (e.g., harmonious and obsessive passion). All the items included in the survey were 7-point Likerttype questions. Additionally, data related to demographics and Internet usage were collected. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to explore the relationships between passion typologies, self-determination, and SNS addiction. Structural Equation Modeling showed that harmonious passion was positively related to autonomy and relatedness, but was negatively related to competence. Obsessive passion was negatively related to autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Competence and relatedness were negatively related to SNS addiction. Obsessive passion positively influenced SNS addiction, whereas, contrary to the expectation, harmonious passion also positively influenced SNS addiction. Obsessive passion towards SNS predicted SNS addiction via three basic psychological needs, namely, autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The present study draws upon concepts of positive psychology to understand SNS addiction. The proposed theoretical framework explained 86% of the variance in terminal construct, which is SNS addiction.

Use Self-Determination Theory to Explain the Difference Between Learning English in China and in England

Nowadays,to improve English learning capability,an increasing number of Chinese students choose to study abroad.As a member of International students,I have a puzzle about why I am less motivated to learn English in China than in England,which is the same as the puzzle of a large proportion of international students.Furthermore,self-determination theory(SDT)focuses on students’learning motivation,therefore SDT helps investigate the international students’puzzle which related to language learning motivation.

Integration of Theory and Practice in Medical Morphology Curriculum in Postgraduate Training:A Flipped Classroom and Case-based Learning Exercise

Objective:The integration of training in theory and practice across the medical education spectrum is being encouraged to increase student understanding and skills in the sciences.This study aimed to determine the deciding factors that drive students'perceived advantages in class to improve precision education and the teaching model.Methods:A mixed strategy of an existing flipped classroom(FC)and a case-based learning(CBL)model was conducted in a medical morphology curriculum for 575 postgraduate students.The subjective learning evaluation of the individuals(learning time,engagement,study interest and concentration,and professional integration)was collected and analyzed after FC-CBL model learning.Results:The results from the general evaluation showed promising results of the medical morphology in the FC-CBL model.Students felt more engaged by instructors in person and benefited in terms of time-saving,flexible arrangements,and professional improvement.Our study contributed to the FC-CBL model in Research Design in postgraduate training in 4 categories:1)advancing a guideline of precision teaching according to individual characteristics;2)revealing whether a learning background is needed for a Research Design course to guide setting up a preliminary course;3)understanding the perceived advantages and their interfaces;and 4)barriers and/or improvement to implement the FC-CBL model in the Research Design class,such as a richer description of e-learning and hands-on practice.Conclusion:Undertaking a FC-CBL combined model could be a useful addition to pedagogy for medical morphology learning in postgraduate training.

An IoT-Based Energy Conservation Smart Classroom System

With the increase of energy consumption worldwide in several domains such as industry,education,and transportation,several technologies played an influential role in energy conservation such as the Internet of Things(IoT).In this article,we describe the design and implementation of an IoT-based energy conser-vation smart classroom system that contributes to energy conservation in the edu-cation domain.The proposed system not only allows the user to access and control IoT devices(e.g.,lights,projectors,and air conditions)in real-time,it also has the capability to aggregate the estimated energy consumption of an IoT device,the smart classroom,and the building based on the energy consumption and cost model that we propose.Moreover,the proposed model aggregates the estimated energy cost according to the Saudi Electricity Company(SEC)rates.Furthermore,the model aggregates in real-time the estimated energy conservation percentage and estimated money-saving percentage compared to data collected when the system wasn't used.The feasibility and benefits of our system have been validated on a real-world scenario which is a classroom in the college of computer science and engineering,Taibah University,Yanbu branch.The results of the experimental studies are promising in energy conservation and cost-saving when using our proposed system.

Observation in the Classroom

Classroom observation is a means of doing research into what occurs in classrooms by systematically observing and keeping records of classroom events.Classroom observation plays very important role in teachers’evaluation and development.Summative and formative functions are the two main purposes that classroom observation serves.Three steps are involved in the classroom observation.Preparations are made before the observation.Various observational techniques or tools are used to collect data during the observation.Reflection and feedback are needed to improve classroom performance and competence.

Research on Vocabulary Learning in English Classroom Teaching Based on Corpus

The difficulty of learning English is not only related to interest,but also related to the correctness of learning methods.Especially in English teaching,a comprehensive and in-depth mastery of vocabulary can improve the level of English language,learn English knowledge better,and improve the level of cross-cultural communication.The application of corpus in English classroom vocabulary teaching can provide more educational space for vocabulary teaching,enrich teaching methods,and at the same time,facilitate students to learn vocabulary and lay a foundation for learning English language.To this end,this article first describes the important role of corpus application in vocabulary learning in English classroom teaching.Secondly,it discusses the difficulties of vocabulary learning and the factors that affect the quality of learning.Finally,in order to enhance the learning effect of students and improve the teaching level,several learning strategies have been formulated to continuously highlight the practicality of the corpus.

Legislation has safeguarded the self-determination of Tibetan people——Interviewing Mr.Leque,the Chairman of the People’s Congress of TAR

My last interview of Mr.Leque was when he was the Chairman of the Government of Tibet Autonomous Region(TAR).As time went by,Mr.Leque became the Chairman of the People's Congress of TAR.Following the custom,I paid my respects by presenting a delicate Karta whereupon,he gracefully gifted me another in return.Talking and laughing between us put me at ease and then led naturally into my questions.