Mediating Effect of Mindfulness,Self-Esteem and Psychological Resilience in the Relation between Childhood Maltreatment and Life Satisfaction

Childhood maltreatment,as a typical early adverse environment,is known to have a negative impact on one’s life satisfaction.Mindfulness,on the other hand,may serve as a protective factor.This study explored the mediating role of mindfulness and its related variables–positive thoughts,psychological resilience and self-esteem.In order to testify the mechanism,we administered Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ),Satisfaction with Life Scale(SWLS),Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS),Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC)and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(RSES)to a non-clinical sample of Chinese university students(N=1021).The results indicated that positive thoughts did not mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and life satisfaction,but self-esteem(β=−0.194,95%CI=[−0.090,−0.040])and psychological resilience(β=−0.063,95%CI=[−0.059,−0.020])mediated the relationship,as well as the“mindfulness-selfesteem”(β=−0.061,95%CI=[−0.287,−0.126])and“mindfulness-psychological resilience”(β=−0.035,95%CI=[−0.115,−0.034]).The results of this study were helpful to understand the relationship between childhood maltreatment and life satisfaction and provided a theoretical basis for the development of mindfulness intervention programs from the perspective of positive psychology.

The Influence of Vulnerable Narcissism on Social Anxiety among Adolescents:The Mediating Role of Self-Concept Clarity and Self-Esteem

Social anxiety (SA) is a prevalent mental health issue among adolescents, and vulnerable narcissism (VN) can exacerbate thiscondition. This study aims to investigate the impact of vulnerable narcissism on social anxiety in adolescents, specificallyfocusing on the mediating effects of self-concept clarity (SCC) and self-esteem (SE) in the relationship between vulnerablenarcissism and social anxiety. Through cluster sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 982 students from threesecondary schools in two provinces. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results revealedthat there was a significant negative correlation between vulnerable narcissism and both self-concept clarity and self-esteem,while there was a significant positive correlation between vulnerable narcissism and social anxiety. Additionally, self-conceptclarity showed a significant positive correlation with self-esteem but had a negative correlation with social anxiety. Both selfconceptclarity and self-esteem played an intermediary role in the chain linking vulnerable narcissism to social anxiety. Thisstudy confirms the mediating role of both self-concept clarity and self-esteem in explaining how vulnerable narcissisminfluences social anxiety, providing valuable insights into its underlying mechanism.

Disparities in the impact of economic well-being on self-esteem in adulthood:Race and ethnicity

BACKGROUND Most studies have defined economic well-being as socioeconomic status,with little attention given to whether other indicators influence self-esteem.Little is known about racial/ethnic disparities in the relationship between economic wellbeing and self-esteem during adulthood.AIM To explore the impact of economic well-being on self-esteem in adulthood and differences in the association across race/ethnicity.METHODS The current study used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979.The final sample consisted of 2267 African Americans,1425 Hispanics,and 3678 non-Hispanic Whites.Ordinary linear regression analyses and logistic regression analyses were conducted.RESULTS African Americans and Hispanics were more likely to be in poverty in comparison with non-Hispanic Whites.More African Americans were unemployed than Whites.Those who received fringe benefits,were more satisfied with jobs,and were employed were more likely to have higher levels of self-esteem.Poverty was negatively associated with self-esteem.Interaction effects were found between African Americans and job satisfaction predicting self-esteem.CONCLUSION The role of employers is important in cultivating employees’self-esteem.Satisfactory outcomes or feelings of happiness from the workplace may be more important to non-Hispanic Whites compared to African Americans and Hispanics.

Self-Compassion Moderates the Effect of Contingent Self-Esteem on Well-Being:Evidence from Cross-Sectional Survey and Experiment

Contingent self-esteem captures the fragile nature of self-esteem and is often regarded as suboptimal to psychological functioning.Self-compassion is another important self-related concept assumed to promote mental health and well-being.However,research on the relation of self-compassion to contingent self-esteem is lacking.Two studies were conducted to explore the role of selfcompassion,either as a personal characteristic or an induced mindset,in influencing the effects of contingent self-esteem on well-being.Study 1 recruited 256 Chinese college students(30.4%male,mean age=21.72 years)who filled out measures of contingent self-esteem,self-compassion,and well-being.The results found that self-compassion moderated the effect of contingent self-esteem on well-being.In Study 2,a sample of 90 Chinese college students(34%male,mean age=18.39 years)were randomly assigned to either a control or self-compassion group.They completed baseline trait measures of contingent self-esteem,self-compassion,and self-esteem.Then,they were led to have a 12-min break(control group)or listen to a 12-min self-compassion audio(self-compassion group),followed by a social stress task and outcome measures.The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the brief self-compassion training and its moderating role in influencing the effects of contingent self-esteem on negative affects after the social stress task.This research provides implications that to equip with a self-compassionate mindset could lower the risk of the impairment of well-being associated with elements of contingent selfesteem,which involves a fragile sense of self-worth.It may also provide insights into the development of an“optimal selfesteem”and the improvement of well-being.

The Relationship between Self-Esteem and Social Phobia among College Students:The Mediating Effect of Fear of Negative Evaluation and the Moderating Effect of Perfectionism

Objectives:To explore the relationship between college students’self-esteem(SE)and their social phobia(SP),as well as the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation(FNE)and the moderating effect of perfectionism.Methods:A convenience sampling survey was carried out for 1020 college students from Shandong Province of China,utilizing measures of college students’self-esteem,fear of negative evaluation,perfectionism,and social phobia.Data analysis was performed using the SPSS PROCESS macro.Results:(1)college students’self-esteem significantly and negatively predicts their social phobia(β=−0.31,t=−10.10,p<0.001);(2)fear of negative evaluation partially mediates the relation between self-esteem and social phobia among college students,with the mediating effect accounting for 48.97%of the total effect(TE);(3)the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation is moderated by perfectionism(β=0.18,t=7.75,p<0.001),where higher levels of perfectionism strengthen the mediating effect of fear of negative evaluation.Conclusions:Perfectionism moderates the mediating effect that fear of negative evaluation plays,establishing a moderated mediating model.

Leadership Virtues, Professional Self-Esteem, and Teaching Management of Chinese University Professors: Basis for Professional Development Plan

This study used a descriptive-quantitative research method as it describes the profile of Chinese university professors in terms of age,gender,and educational background.It also described the leadership virtues in terms of prudence,fortitude,temperance,and justice;professional self-esteem in terms of career choice and adaptability,career satisfaction and values,career impact and fulfillment,and career competence and evaluation;and teaching management in terms of teaching management and evaluation,the area of teaching and research activities,and the area of collective lesson planning activities.Diversity leadership training and instructional management training are provided to meet the needs of different groups of faculty and staff of different gender,age,and education levels.Individualized professional development plans are based on the personal characteristics and needs of professors,particularly in the areas of leadership,teaching management,and career satisfaction.To address the relationship among leadership virtues,professional self-esteem,and teaching management,long-term,in-depth research is encouraged to better understand the dynamics between them.Based on the results,this paper recommends the implementation of the proposed professional development plan.

Personality and Nomophobia: A Moderated Mediation Model of Self-Esteem and Non-Self-Determined Solitude

Background:With the development of information technology,mobile phone has brought much convenience to people’s lives but also caused many negative consequences due to excessive use,such as mobile phone addiction and nomophobia.Previous studies have explored the relationship between the Big Five Personality and proble-matic mobile phone use(PMPU).However,they focus on mobile phone addiction.Although there is a correlation between nomophobia and mobile phone addiction,the psychological structure is different.Therefore,it is neces-sary to explore the relationship between personality and nomophobia and the underlying mechanism.This study aims to examine the relationship between Big Five Personality and nomophobia,then construct a moderated mediation model to explore the mediation effect of solitude between Big Five Personality and nomophobia,as well as the moderation effect of self-esteem.Method:Data from 678 college students(351 females,51.77%)were collected.Participants completed the Big Five Personality Inventory,Solitude Behavior Scale,Nomophobia Scale and Self-esteem Scale.Analyses were conducted via mediation and moderated mediation.Results:Structural equation models revealed that solitude mediated the relationship between neuroticism and nomophobia.The results showed that neuroticism positively predicted solitude,which in turn positively predicted nomophobia.Four types of solitude partially mediated the relationship between neuroticism and nomophobia.We also found that self-esteem moderated the association between neuroticism and non-self-determined solitude.It is note-worthy that high self-esteem cannot protect people from negative factors.However,because of its characteristics,it is easy to receive more social information,and people high in neuroticism are sensitive to negative social infor-mation.It may cause maladaptive behavior.Conclusion:Findings demonstrated a process through which neu-roticism relates to nomophobia and a context under which these relationships may have occurred.

Impact of community-based rehabilitation on quality of life and self-esteem of persons with physical disabilities and their family members

Objective:Community-based rehabilitation(CBR)is a strategy by which persons living with disability(PWDs)access comprehensive rehabilitation services with limited evidence regarding its impact on the quality of life(QOL)and self-esteem(SE)of PWDs and their family members.This study compared the QOL and SE of Nigerian PWDs in communities with and without a CBR programme(CBR and non-CBR respectively),and the family quality of life(FQOL)of their family members.Methods:Cross-sectional study involving 2604 PWDs(1302 in CBR and 1302 in non-CBR);5208 family members of PWDs(2604 in CBR and 2604 non-CBR),recruited from four randomly selected geo-political zones in Nigeria,purposive/consecutive selection of eight CBR programmes,PWDs and their family members(CBR and non-CBR).Outcomes assessed using Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(RSES),World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-short form(WHOQOL-BREF)and Beach Centre Family Quality of Life Instrument(BCFQOL).Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank order correlation were used to analyse data at P<0.05.Results:PWDs in CBR scored higher in all domains of WHOQOL-BREF(P<0.0001 in all cases)and RSES than non-CBR group(P<0.0001).The CBR families scored significantly higher than non-CBR families in all domains(P<0.05)except Emotional Well-Being of the BCFQOL.The CBR group scores on Psychological and Social Health domains of the WHOQOL-BREF showed significant positive correlation with CBR families'Family Interaction(P=0.06)and Parenting(P=0.07)domains and total FQOL(P=0.07).Conclusion:Community-based rehabilitation positively impacted on SE and QOL of PWDs and their family members.

The Influence of Self-esteem on College Students’Learning Burnout:A Mediation Model

We measured 324 college students’self-esteem,motivation for achievement,and learning burnout,and also we examined the inner mechanism of self-esteem’s influence on students’learning burnout.The results show:(1)There is a negative effect of self-esteem on college students’learning burnout;(2)Motivation of pursuing succeed plays partial mediating effect between self-esteem and learning burnout,but mediating effect of avoiding failure motivation between them is not significant.The study reveals that:the degree of learning burnout can be reduced by improving college students’level of self-esteem.

中国文化的自尊与西方文化的self-esteem之比较

self-esteem从西方心理学界引进而来,中国心理学界一直将之翻译成"自尊"并在此基础上进行研究,但中国文化中的"自尊"与self-esteem在多个维度上存在着不同。Self-esteem指的是个体对自己的认识、评价或者情感,具体表现为自我胜任感、自我价值感或者这二者的结合。中国文化中的"自尊"包括个体自尊、民族自尊和文化自尊。"个体自尊"指的是尊重自己,不向别人卑躬屈膝,也不容许别人歧视、侮辱;"民族自尊"指的是捍卫自己民族的尊严,抵御外侮;"文化自尊"指的是尊重和维护自己民族的文化,保持自己民族的特色,不可以盲目崇拜其他民族文化,要发扬自己民族文化的优秀传统。中国本土文化中的"自尊"在涉及的内容、情境、应对方式等方面都和self-esteem存在不同。

Implication of Self-esteem for Language Teaching from Neurobiological Perspective

In the past several decades,the cognitive skills in language learning have been put more attention to than emo-tions.While it should be noted that language learning often involves strong positive or negative emotions.Lack of positive emotionin language learning will lead to severe discount of the cognitive competence.This article is intended to discuss the influence ofemotion,especially self-esteem,on motivation in language learning from Schumann’s neurobiological perspective,and the implica-tion of self-esteem for language teaching—how to enhance learners’self-esteem,to promote their motivation,hence to guidethem to step into their next zone of proximal development in both academic performance and social skills and become whole per-sons responsible for our society.

A Study of the Relationship between Advanced Vocational College Students' Self-esteem and Their English Achievements

Self-esteem is one of personality traits in the process of language learning.There is a close relationship between the level of self-esteem and language learning achievements.The purpose of the study is to discuss the relationship between EFL self-esteem and English achievements in the process of their English learning.The study also shows that EFL self-esteem can influence English achievements.On the other hand,English achievements can influence EFL self-esteem too.Based on the research,some methods are proposed to help strengthen students' EFL self-esteem and improve their English achievement.

The relationships among perceived organizational support,intention to remain,career success and self-esteem in Chinese male nurses

Aim:The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among perceived organizational support,intention to remain,career success and self-esteem in male nurses in China.Background:Recently,turnover is considered increasingly more normal.Male nurses could be stabilized by improving their perceived organizational support,career success and selfesteem.Design:A cross-sectional design was used in the present study.Method:405 full-time male Registered Nurses,from Grade A hospitals in Tianjin,were surveyed.Pearson correlation,Cronbach's alpha coefficient and structural equation modelling were conducted in the study.Results:The results illustrated that self-esteem mediated the relationship between perceived organizational support and career success.Career success mediated the relationship between self-esteem and intention to remain.Conclusion:Hospitals should pay more attention to the benefits of positive personality trait on working motivation.It is meaningful to enhance perceived organizational support,career success and self-esteem in the working process so that nurses are willing to stay in the current employment.

A research regarding the relationship among intensive care nurses' self-esteem, job satisfaction and subjective well-being

Objective:The paper aims to explore the status of intensive care unit(ICU)nurses'self-esteem,job satisfaction,and subjective well-being and to investigate the relationship among the three elements.Methods:A cross-sectional survey of 224 nurses from five teaching hospitals in Tianjin,China,was conducted.Self-esteem scale,job satisfaction scale,and subjective well-being scale were used to explore the status of ICU nurses'self-esteem,job satisfaction,and subjective well-being.Correlation among the three elements was calculated by SPSS 17.0.Results:The scores of three scales(i.e.,ICU nurses'self-esteem,job satisfaction,and subjective well-being)were 27.67±3.41,43.57±9.04,and 69.73±11.60,respectively.The subjective well-being was significantly positively correlated with self-esteem and job satisfaction(r=0.454,P<0.01;r=0.584,P<0.01,respectively).Conclusion:The study shows that the prevalence of subjective well-being and self-esteem with ICU nurses are at a low level,and job satisfaction is at the median level.Associations among self-esteem,job satisfaction,and subjective well-being in ICUs have been confirmed.Self-esteem and job satisfaction positively correlated with nurse subjective well-being.The higher the self-esteem and job satisfaction levels are,the stronger the subjective well-being is.The working pressure in ICUs cannot be alleviated temporarily;hence,to promote a high subjective well-being,managers and ICU nurses increase their self-esteem and job satisfaction through taking strategies that strengthen psychological construction.

The Effects of a Single Bout of Exercise on Mood and Self-Esteem in Clinically Diagnosed Mental Health Patients

Objectives: Research has highlighted the importance of regular exercise within the general population and mental health groups in regard to mood and self-esteem, as well as single bout exercise within the general population. However, research into single bout exercise in mental health population is lacking. This study investigated the impact of a single bout of exercise, on mood and self-esteem, in patients with a wider clinical mental health diagnosis. Design: A quantitative questionnaire was completed immediately pre and post a single, 45 minute bout of moderate intensity exercise, consisting of the Brunel Universal Mood States (BRUMS) questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSE). Methods: Participants attending a mental health hospital with a clinical mental health diagnosis (N = 54) completed the questionnaire. Information regarding physical activity levels, mental health diagnosis and length of hospital stay were collated. Results: A significant improvement was identified on the RSE as well as the BRUMS (depression, anger, confusion, anxious tension and vigour) over time. Conclusion: The significant findings highlight the importance of exercise promotion within this population group, and the potentially beneficial role that a single bout of exercise can have on mood and self-esteem in patients experiencing mental health problems.

Meaning in life and well-being of older stroke survivors in Chinese communities: Mediating effects of mastery and self-esteem

The study aims to examine the role of mastery and self-esteem as a potential mediator of the relationship of meaning in life and well-being among older Chinese stroke survivors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 214 community-dwelling older stroke survivors (128 men and 86 women), ranging from 60 years to 88 years old. The meaning in life, mastery, self-esteem and subjective well-being were measured. The results indicated that: 1) The meaning in life and subjective well-being of stroke survivors were significantly positive correlated;2) Mastery and self-esteem played partial mediating roles between existential vacuum and subjective well-being;Self-esteem played full a mediating role between suffer acceptance and subjective well-being;Mastery played a full mediating role between life control and subjective well-being;Mastery played a partial mediating role between death acceptance and subjective well-being;Self-esteem also played a partial mediating role between mastery and subjective well-being.

Association between the Way of Being Scolded and Self-Esteem in University Students

Self-esteem is an important factor in the rise of depression cases among children and adolescents. In order to build self-esteem, it is important for parents to respect their children, acknowledge their value, and always encourage them, as well as for teachers to acknowledge their character and ability, in addition to allowing them to experience success. At the same time, voices calling for parents and teachers to rediscover their willingness and responsibility to scold children when necessary have also been growing. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the association between self-esteem and the way of scolding. With 311 university students as the study subjects, self-esteem and the relevant factors thereof were evaluated. As a result, no association was observed between the way of being scolded and self-esteem. Moreover, the reasons for being scolded were also not associated with self-esteem. However, regarding the association between the degree of acceptance (convinced by the way of being scolded) and self-esteem, it was revealed that student groups with higher self-esteem had a higher degree of acceptance. This suggested that self-esteem is associated with whether or not the people being scolded are convinced, as opposed to the way of being scolded or the reason for being scolded. Therefore, it was suggested that building a good relationship with those you scold is more important than the way of scolding.

Self-esteem enhancement as a strategy for promoting the mental health and averting the occupational problems of nurses

In recent years, shortage of nurses, high turnover rate, low self-worth, and team instability have become increasingly serious. With the development of positive psychology, more and more nursing managers have begun to attach great importance to the mental health of nurses. Self-esteem, as one of the core indicators of individual mental health, has received extensive attention from researchers in different fields since its inception. This paper reviews and summarizes the research status and development trends of nurses' selfesteem considering the aspects of self-esteem as a concept, assessment tools, significance, and intervention methods. At the same time, it also puts forward problems that need to be solved by undertaking research into nurses' self-esteem, in order to provide a reference for further studies on nurses' self-esteem.

The Presence of an Exercise Instructor or Group Members Affects Physical Self-Concept and Physical Self-Esteem: An Experimental Study in the Elderly

Background: Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem are important sources of general self-esteem and overall health. Evidence indicates that exercise leads to an enhancement in physical self-concept and physical self-esteem. Until now however, it remained unclear whether the beneficial effects of exercise were impacted by different types of exercise environments. Thus, the purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate, whether the presence or absence of an instructor or other group members influenced elder adults’ physical self-concept and esteem. Method: Participants were 46 women and 20 men (Mean age 65.4, SD = 4.36) who were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups differing across two factors—group versus no-group and instructor versus no-instructor. Participants took part in an 8-week-walking program with a comparable number of training sessions across the four experimental groups. Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem were assessed both pre and post exercise intervention. Results: Descriptively, the highest improvement in physical self-concept and esteem were observed in the instructor/no-group and the no-instructor/group condition. Between these two conditions, no significant difference of change was observed. Moreover, no improvement was observed when both instructor and group were present. Conclusion: Effects of either instructor presence or group presence may be explained by mechanisms of social integration and social support. An unexpected absence of effects on self-concept and esteem under the instructor/group condition are explained with reference to an individual’s cognitive dissonance caused by the need to adapt to different exercise oriented goals or attitudes of the instructor and the group members which might hinder the positive development of the self.

The Relationship between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Self-Esteem along with the Importance of Support for Children

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is widely known in our society. The symptoms of PTSD are particularly believed to occur predominantly in children. We believe that Yogo teachers, who play a role in maintaining and promoting the health of children, are expected to provide appropriate support for children with a tendency for PTSD. In this study, we investigated the tendency for PTSD in students at University, as well as self-esteem related to depression and anxiety. Furthermore, we clarified the relationship between PTSD and self-esteem and examined the support provided by Yogo teachers. As a result, it was found that the higher the tendency for PTSD, the lower the self-esteem. We believe that the onset of PTSD causes a decline in memory ability and attentional function, which interferes with one’s life and leads to self-denial, resulting in a decline in self-esteem among those with a high tendency for PTSD. These results suggest that Yogo teachers should provide support to prevent the onset of PTSD in child students due to accidents, incidents, natural disasters, etc., as well as support to prevent the decline in self-esteem associated with the onset of PTSD.